Utilizing Ai Integrated Neuroimaging Technology To Expand Upon Machine Learning In Positron Emission Tomography Technology With The Aim Of Detecting Amyloid Beta Biomarkers Early In The Onset Of Alzheimer's., Ethan S. Terman

Undergraduate Research Posters

Early intervention in Alzheimer's is vital for treatment. The earlier a professional can detect symptoms and make a diagnosis the earlier a prognosis can be implemented. With the prevalence of data in our day-to-day world combined with Artificial intelligence (AI), utilizing both for machine learning can pave the way for more accurate and efficient detection of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. AI combined with Machine learning (ML) increases diagnostic efficiency and reduces human errors, making it a valuable resource for physicians and clinicians alike. With the increasing amount of data processing and image interpretation required, the ability to use AI …

Efficacy Of Kidney Reperfusion Treatments Relative To Function And Survival Rates After Transplantation, Mitchell Rohr

Senior Honors Theses

Donor kidneys are damaged upon circulatory death before being preserved with machine perfusion until transplantation. During machine perfusion, blood is pumped back into the vasculature of the kidney, causing damage called ischemic reperfusion injury. The two forms of machine perfusion are hypothermic machine perfusion and normothermic machine perfusion. Different methods of treatment can be used during either hypothermic machine perfusion or normothermic machine perfusion to prevent ischemic reperfusion injury. Each of the treatment methods that were reviewed showed potential for preventing ischemic reperfusion injury, with hypothermic treatments having higher average levels of feasibility than normothermic treatments. The effect of the …

Therapies For Mitochondrial Disorders, Kayli Sousa Smyth, Anne Mulvihill

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic, double-membrane organelles that synthesise adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria contain their own genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is maternally inherited from the oocyte. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by either nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mtDNA, and both code for proteins forming the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes of the respiratory chain. These complexes form a chain that allows the passage of electrons down the electron transport chain (ETC) through a proton motive force, creating ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This study aims to explore current and prospective therapies for mitochondrial disorders (MTDS). MTDS are clinical syndromes coupled with abnormalities …

Cardiac Metastasis After Curative Treatment Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Risk Factors, Treatment Options, And Prognosis, Gaurav Jain, Mathew Otto, Mubeen Khan Mohammed Abdul, Manpreet Chadha, Ajay Sahajpal

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primary hepatic malignancy with a high incidence of recurrence. The risk of recurrence directly correlates to patient’s overall prognosis. Management of advanced HCC involves a combination of surgical resection, locoregional therapy, and systemic treatment. Distant metastases are rare, and intraventricular cardiac metastases are even more infrequent. This brief review details an illustrative case of cardiac metastasis after curative treatment of primary HCC and then summarizes the literature on risk factors, treatment options, and patient prognosis in the setting of distant metastases from HCC. Prognosis of metastasis to the heart is generally poor, and available evidence emphasizes …

Evaluation Of Apical Debris Extrusion Of Two Full-Rotating Instruments, Hyflex Edm And Race Evo, Versus Two Reciprocating Instruments, Reciproc Blue And R-Motion: An In-Vitro Study., Carla Abi Saad, Roula Abiad

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Complete cleaning and shaping of the root canal space is a mandatory stage for the success of root canal treatment. Extrusion of different materials apically during this step such as dentine debris, pulp tissue remnants, necrotic fragments, microorganisms and irrigants may occur. These extruded materials lead to periapical irritation, pain and/or swelling. To evaluate the apical debris extrusion of Race EVO and Hyflex EDM which are full-rotating instruments, versus R-motion and Reciproc Blue as reciprocating instruments. Forty extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were selected with single canals not affected by fluorosis, resorption, or fracture. Teeth were then randomly divided into …

Review: Conventional Thrombectomy With Intraoperative Fluoroscopy In Acute Limb Ischemia Rutherford Iib, Heru Angkoso, Dedy Pratama

The New Ropanasuri Journal of Surgery

Introduction. Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a severe condition affecting the extremities and the patient’s survival that requires immediate treatment. It can be treated with either surgical or endovascular revascularization or both (hybrid procedure). It is crucial to evaluate the defect using intraoperative fluoroscopy or angiography in each case. The review aimed to find out the outcomes of the thrombectomy with intraoperative fluoroscopy for ALI Rutherford IIb.

Method. According to the PRISMA protocol, the literature search proceeded in online databases, i.e., Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCOhost, with no year limitation on the publication. All articles were screened and critically appraised. …

Dexmedetomidine Vs Fentanyl In Attenuating The Sympathetic Surge During Endotracheal Intubation: A Scoping Review, Alexandra Schwieger, Kaelee Shrewsbury, Paul Shaver, Dwayne Accardo Dnp, Crna

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation after induction of anesthesia can cause a reflex sympathetic surge of catecholamines caused by airway stimulation. This may cause hypertension, tachycardia, and arrhythmias. This reflex can be detrimental in patients with poor cardiac reserve and can be poorly tolerated and lead to adverse events such as myocardial ischemia. Fentanyl, a potent opioid, with a rapid onset and short duration of action is given during induction to block the sympathetic response. With a rise in the opioid crisis and finding ways to change the practice in medicine to use less opioids, dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2 …

Opioid Free Anesthesia To Prevent Post Operative Nausea/Vomiting, Aleksander Acred, Milena Devineni, Lindsey Blake, Cindi Dabney Dnp, Crna

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in opioid-utilizing and opioid-free general anesthesia. Background PONV is an extremely common, potentially dangerous side effect of general anesthesia. PONV is caused by a collection of anesthetic and surgical interventions. Current practice to prevent PONV is to use 1-2 antiemetics during surgery, identify high risk patients and utilize tracheal intubation over laryngeal airways when indicated. Current research suggests minimizing the use of volatile anesthetics and opioids can reduce the incidence of PONV, but this does not reflect current practice.

Methods In this scoping …

Predicting Dissatisfaction With Total Knee Arthroplasty, Joseph S. Munn

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common and effective treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis. However, approximately 20% of patients are consistently found to be dissatisfied or unsure of their satisfaction with their TKA at 1-year post-surgery. Two strategies for reducing dissatisfaction have appeared in the literature. The first aims to reduce the number of dissatisfied patients who will undergo surgery by identifying patients likely to be dissatisfied pre-surgery. The second aims to implement interventions that improve patient satisfaction by generating realistic expectations for outcomes and by association improving met expectations scores. It may be possible to improve the performance of these …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Mcmurry’S Test In The Diagnosis Of Meniscal Tears, Jessica Smyth, Hartwell Rainey

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of An Intervention To Maintain Therapeutic Pressure Of The Endotracheal Tube Cuff During Intraoperative Surgery, Jamare Reed

Doctoral Projects

The current practice of intraoperatively assessing the cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube (ETT) is arbitrary and potentially leads to negative impacts on patients. This best practice project aimed to review and synthesize the existing evidence-based literature on measuring ETT cuff pressure and to establish a policy guideline for anesthesia providers to measure ETT cuff pressure in the intraoperative environment. Based on the star model of the knowledge transformation framework model provided by the Academic Center for Evidence-Based Practice (ACE), the creation of evidence-based policy on ETT cuff measurement is expected to potentially prevent poor patient outcomes, patient expenses, and …

Single Vs. Multiple Laparoscopies: Pain Status One Year Post-Hysterectomy For Chronic Pelvic Pain, Ghadear Shukr, Madeleine R. Gonte, Victoria Webber, David Eisenstein

Medical Student Research Symposium

Despite the prevalence of chronic pelvic pain (CPP)— affecting one in seven women in the U.S.— its cause is often unknown. As such, an evaluation of our current approaches to the work-up of CPP is warranted. Laparoscopy is considered a gold standard tool in the evaluation of CPP with 40% of all laparoscopies in the U.S. performed for this condition [1]. However, limited data exists portraying the clinical importance and outcomes for repeat diagnostic laparoscopies. This is a retrospective case-control study to determine the incidence of multiple laparoscopies for CPP over the past 10 years, and to compare outcomes between …

The Positive Effects Of Exercise On Active Transplant Recipients And Its Impact On Medication Adherence, Travane Morrison

Theses

Organ failure is a life-threatening condition (Daugirdas et al, 2014). Non-adherence to medication is one of the main causes of the failure of a transplanted organ (Oberlin et al, 2016). In an effort to combat non-adherence to medication, research had employed intervention studies to tackle the main cause of non-adherence (Chisholm-Burns, 2013). The aims of this project are three fold. Firstly it aims to find if complications associated with organ transplant affect the individual’s medication adherence. Secondly, it explores the connections between exercise and medication adherence. Thirdly the research explores if exercise assists with possible complications associated with an organ …

The Efficacy Of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution Compared To Cell Salvage As A Blood Transfusion Alternative, Julia Yu

Capstone Showcase

Blood transfusions are currently the treatment of choice for significant blood loss. However, there are a variety of reasons for which they cannot be utilized. Current alternatives are acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and cell 1 This study analyzes whether ANH or cell salvage is more effective in minimizing blood loss in perioperative or trauma patients. Multiple different studies involving either ANH or cell salvage were compared to each other. However, due to the lack of research conducted in either method, results obtained were largely inconclusive.

Left Atrial Model, Borna Sobati, Sarah Porello, Tess Pate

Biomedical Engineering

The objective is to produce an electrophysiological model of an adult human left atrium. This model will be used to test mapping probe catheters used for locating cardiac arrhythmias against current technology used in practice. Dr. Chris Porterfield requested this model and other physicians or probe catheter manufacturers may also use this product in the future. Dr. Porterfield also discussed the possibility of future senior project groups using the model as a bench test for designing new catheter tips. The model will precisely simulate electrical behaviors of the heart in normal as well as arrhythmic conditions. Ideally, the model will …

Failure Of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Establishing A Baseline For Retrieval Analysis Using Well-Functioning Necropsy Specimens, Meredith Perkins

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis of the knee. While many patients have positive functional and pain outcomes following primary TKA, a subset of patients have suboptimal outcomes, such as unexplained pain or aseptic loosening of the implant components necessitating revision of the index procedure. The understanding of the exact etiology of these suboptimal outcomes of primary TKA is in its infancy. In order to elucidate the etiology of failure in primary TKAs, a baseline for the factors contributing to arthroplasty failure and dissatisfaction must first be established. The purpose of this study …

The Impact Of The Nurse Practitioner In Pre-Admission Testing: A Comparative Review, Laurel A. Robinson

DNP Projects

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of pre-admission testing (PAT) surgical clinic pre and post implementation of the APRN for patient assessment. Cancellation and delay occurrences for scheduled surgeries will be compared during two time periods on patients on the surgical schedule at Norton Women and Children’s Hospital (NWC).

METHODS: This study was a single-center, pre and post implementation retrospective comparative study of the impact of the NP led PAT unit at Norton Women and Children’s Hospital (NWC) in terms of delay and cancellation rates for day-of-surgery. The sample consisted of 411 patients for …

Clinical Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery In High Surgical Risk Patients With Left Main Or Three-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease, Tonga Nfor, Kambiz Shetabi, Wael Hassan, Quinta Nfor, Jayant Khitha, Anjan Gupta, Tanvir Bajwa, Suhail Allaqaband

Aurora Cardiology Fellows

Purpose Previous studies comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in patients with unprotected left main or three-vessel coronary artery disease (LM-3VD) have excluded patients at high surgical risk. We compared clinical outcomes after PCI with drug-eluting stents to CABG in high surgical risk patients with LM-3VD. Methods Patients with symptomatic LM-3VD who had Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)-predicted operative mortality >5% and were undergoing either PCI with drug-eluting stents or CABG at a tertiary care center from January 2009 to December 2010 were enrolled in this nonrandomized prospective study. Results Mean STS score was …

Portosystemic Shunts In Cats: Management And Care, Rachael E. Konke

Master of Arts in Professional Writing Capstones

Portosystemic Shunts in Cats: Management and Care is an informative technical manual developed for veterinary professionals and caretakers of cats with portosystemic shunts. A portosystemic shunt is a complex and rare circulatory deformity in which unfiltered blood bypasses the liver and circulates throughout the body causing serious complications. Portosystemic Shunts in Cats: Management and Care details portosystemic specifics, symptoms, treatment, and proper everyday care for cats with portosystemic shunts.

Retrograde Pedal Access For Revascularization Of Infrapopliteal Arterial Occlusive Disease In Critical Limb Ischemia (Cli) Patients As A Primary Approach., Ahmed Amro, Alaa Gabi, Shahed Elhamdani, Haytham Aljoudi, Mehiar El-Hamdani

Mehiar El Hamdani, MD

Introduction: We are presenting three cases (out of similar several cases) where tibio-pedal approach was performed as an initial primary approach for limb salvage in patients with CLI secondary to Infra-popliteal (IP) disease. We consider this approach to be a necessary evolution in endovascular intervention. Discussion: Retrograde pedal access is safe, feasible with high technical success rate and a relatively low procedural complication rate, with low 30 days mortality and low rate of major adverse cardiac events. Freedom from major adverse limb events and limb salvage are both high at 1 year follow up. It allows quick therapy and short …

Retrograde Pedal Access For Revascularization Of Infrapopliteal Arterial Occlusive Disease In Critical Limb Ischemia (Cli) Patients As A Primary Approach., Ahmed Amro, Alaa Gabi, Shahed Elhamdani, Haytham Aljoudi, Mehiar El-Hamdani

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction:

We are presenting three cases (out of similar several cases) where tibio-pedal approach was performed as an initial primary approach for limb salvage in patients with CLI secondary to Infra-popliteal (IP) disease. We consider this approach to be a necessary evolution in endovascular intervention.

Discussion:

Retrograde pedal access is safe, feasible with high technical success rate and a relatively low procedural complication rate, with low 30 days mortality and low rate of major adverse cardiac events. Freedom from major adverse limb events and limb salvage are both high at 1 year follow up. It allows quick therapy and short …

Changing Diagnostic Methods And Increased Detection Of Verotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Ireland, Thomas Rice, Noreen Quinn, Roy D. Sleator, Brigid Lucey

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

The recent paradigm shift in infectious disease diagnosis from culture-based to molecular-based approaches is exemplified in the findings of a national study assessing the detection of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in Ireland. The methodologic changes have been accompanied by a dramatic increase in detections of non-O157 verotoxigenic E. coli serotypes.

Patient‐Defined Goals For The Treatment Of Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Qualitative Analysis, Megan Coylewright, Roseanne Palmer, Elizabeth S. O'Neill, John F. Robb, Terri Fried

Dartmouth Scholarship

Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) at high risk for aortic valve replacement are a unique population with multiple treatment options, including medical therapy, surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Traditionally, in elderly populations, goals of treatment may favour quality of life over survival. Professional guidelines recommend that clinicians engage patients in shared decision making, a process that may lead to decisions more aligned with patient-defined goals of care. Goals of care for high-risk patients with AS are not well defined in the literature, and patient-reported barriers to shared decision making highlight the need for explicit …

Initial Validation Of A Novel Method Of Presurgical Language Localization Through Functional Connectivity (Fcmri), Stephanie M. Noble, Dustin Scheinost, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Patricia Walshaw, R Todd Constable, Christopher F. Benjamin

Yale Day of Data

OBJECTIVE: Neurosurgery is potentially curative in chronic epilepsy but can only be offered to patients if the surgical risk to language is known. Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an ideal, noninvasive method for localizing language cortex yet remains to be validated for this purpose. We have recently presented a novel method for localizing language cortex. Here we present a preliminary evaluation of this method’s validity. We hypothesized language regions identified using this novel method would demonstrate stronger functional connectivity than randomly generated set of proximal networks. METHOD: fMRI data were collected from sixteen temporal lobe patients …

Clinical Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery In High Surgical Risk Patients With Left Main Or Three-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease, Tonga Nfor, Kambiz Shetabi, Wael Hassan, Quinta Nfor, Jayant Khitha, Anjan Gupta, Tanvir Bajwa, Suhail Allaqaband

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose

Previous studies comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in patients with unprotected left main or three-vessel coronary artery disease (LM-3VD) have excluded patients at high surgical risk. We compared clinical outcomes after PCI with drug-eluting stents to CABG in high surgical risk patients with LM-3VD.

Methods

Patients with symptomatic LM-3VD who had Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)-predicted operative mortality >5% and were undergoing either PCI with drug-eluting stents or CABG at a tertiary care center from January 2009 to December 2010 were enrolled in this nonrandomized prospective study.

Results

Mean STS score was …