Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Share Cannabidiol Exposure During Gestation Leads To Adverse Cardiac Outcomes Early In Postnatal Life In Male Rat Offspring., Daniel B. Hardy, Steven R. Laviolette, Kendrick Lee, David Rc Natale

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

Introduction: Studies indicate that *7% of pregnant individuals in North America consume cannabis in pregnancy. Pre-clinical studies have established that maternal exposure to D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; major psychoactive component in cannabis) leads to fetal growth restriction and impaired cardiac function in offspring. However, the effects of maternal exposure to cannabidiol (CBD; major non-euphoric constituent) on cardiac outcomes in offspring remain unknown. Therefore, our objective is to investigate the functional and underlying molecular impacts in the hearts of offspring exposed to CBD in pregnancy. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to either 3 or 30mg/kg CBD or vehicle control i.p. daily from …

Oral Health Inequalities In Adolescents And Young Adults In Ontario, Maria Rahman

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Oral health is consistently linked to physiological, psychological, and social aspects of well-being in adolescents and young adults. In this thesis, I aimed to examine the social determinants of oral health and dental care utilization. First, I conducted a scoping review of the literature, demonstrated the multifaceted nature of oral health and its connections to broader social and economic factors. Then, I conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey which showed a social gradient in oral health and dental care utilization among adolescents and young adults in Ontario. When stratified by age, there was a protective association …

The Significance Of Injuries And Anatomical Patterns Of Trauma In Pedestrian And Cyclist Fatalities And Their Association With Motor Vehicle Collision Dynamics And Post-Collision Kinematics, Moheem M. Halari

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Deaths from motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a major global health concern, with over 1.35 million fatalities reported annually by the United Nations. More than half involve pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Post-mortem examinations by pathologists determine the cause of death and mechanisms of injury and play a significant role in the investigation of the deaths of vulnerable road users.

The purpose of this study was to understand the injury patterns sustained by pedestrians and cyclists fatally injured in motor vehicle impacts.

This study reviews the development of injury patterns described in the medical literature and identifies their limitations in the …

Social Capital Associates With Better Cognitive Health, Oral Health And Epigenetic Age Deceleration: Findings From The Canadian Longitudinal Study On Aging., Aileen Liang, Noha Gomaa

Department of Medicine Publications

Background: Social exposures are linked to an array of health outcomes, especially around aging. In this study, we examined the association of social capital, defined as social relationships and networks, with clinical and biological outcomes including cognitive health, oral inflammation, and epigenetic aging. Methods: We used data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) (n =1,479; aged 45–85 years), categorizing social capital as structural and cognitive capital. Oral inflammation was determined as the presence of gum bleeding. Epigenetic aging was computed as the difference between chronological age and DNA methylation age. We constructed multivariable regression models adjusted for covariates …

Corrosion Of Implant Materials In The Human Body, Maedeh Barzmehri

Corrosion Research

This paper extensively examines the complex problem of implant corrosion occurring within the human body. The corrosion of implants gives rise to substantial challenges, encompassing compromised implant durability, patient safety concerns, and potential adverse impacts on the long-term functionality of the medical device. The study's primary objectives include offering a concise overview of the various corrosion mechanisms that impact a range of implant materials and outlining health complications linked to the byproducts of implant corrosion. Furthermore, it delves into a cost analysis specific to hip or knee revision arthroplasty, which has become a prevalent scenario in implant failure cases on …

The Impact Of Access To Oral Health Care On Inadequate Oral Health And Multimorbidity, Luis Limo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The connection between oral health and other non-communicable chronic conditions—commonly referred in the dental literature as the oral-systemic health connection—emphasizes the role of oral health care on both oral diseases and chronic conditions, particularly in vulnerable populations like the elderly. This thesis comprises 2 studies: the first is a systematic review on the impact of oral health care interventions, as an indicator of access to oral health care, on chronic conditions of which their co-existence would result in multimorbidity; the second study is a cross-sectional investigation of the associations between oral health, access to oral health care, and multimorbidity among …

Systemic, Institutional, And Teaching Factors In The Delivery Of Interprofessional Education Curriculum In Canada, Mohammad B. Azzam

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The Canadian federal and several provincial governments are currently collaborating to establish ‘team-based’ primary healthcare—or interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP), which can be effectively accomplished when interprofessional education (IPE) is sustainably delivered by health and social care (HASC) professional education programs. Indeed, achieving the intended patient/client-oriented outcomes of IPE and subsequent IPCP requires deliberate and purposeful considerations of several systemic, institutional, and teaching factors. Regrettably, the analyses of the extent to which these factors have influenced effective IPCP is currently under-researched. In this integrated-article dissertation, we took a purposeful and systematic approach to explore the extent to which these multi-tiered factors …

Telehealth Experiences In Canadian Veterans: Associations, Strengths And Barriers To Care During The Covid-19 Pandemic., Deanna L Walker, M S Nouri, R A Plouffe, J J W Liu, T Le, C A Forchuk, D Gargala, K St Cyr, A Nazarov, Don Richardson

MacDonald Franklin OSI Research Centre

INTRODUCTION: Identifying barriers to care in veteran populations is critical, as veterans face increased social isolation, relationship strains and financial insecurities. For Canadian veterans experiencing barriers to accessing healthcare, telehealth may be a promising alternative with comparable effectiveness to in-person services; however, the potential benefits and limitations of telehealth require further examination to determine its long-term utility, and to inform health policy and planning. The goal of the present research was to identify predictors and barriers to telehealth usage in Canadian veterans in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Data were drawn from baseline data of a longitudinal survey …

Validation Study On The Differentiation Of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells In The Presence Of Cementum Protein 1 And Periostin, Deborah A. O'Reilly

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Existing research alludes to the fact that human periodontal ligament cells differentiate into an ossifying phenotype in response to differential gene expression during orthodontic tooth movement. The purpose of this research was to validate the differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells of young individuals in the presence of specific proteins and stimuli (cementum protein, periostin and osteogenic media), which mimic the environment of the periodontal ligament. Another objective was to assess the differential gene expression within these cells under the same conditions. A protocol was developed to provide a collagen-protein scaffold on which human periodontal ligament cells were maintained for …

Families' Experiences In The Virtual Hanen More Than Words Program During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Lauren Denusik, Michelle Servais, Danielle Glista, Kathryn Hatherly, Sheila Moodie, Janis Oram Cardy, Elaine Weitzman, Bj Cunningham

PRECISe Preschool Speech and Language Publications

Abstract

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic required most pediatric rehabilitation programs to shift to a virtual delivery format without the benefits of evidence to support this transition. Our study explored families' experiences participating virtually in More Than Words, a program for parents of autistic children, with the goal of generating new evidence to inform both virtual service delivery and program development.

Method: Twenty-one families who recently completed a virtual More Than Words program participated in a semistructured interview. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed in NVivo using a top-down deductive approach that referenced a modified Dynamic Knowledge Transfer Capacity model. …

Secretion Of Salivary Proteins And Their Interactions, Karla Tonelli Bicalho Crosara

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Saliva’s clinical application for disease diagnosis and monitoring is limited by incomplete knowledge of salivary protein interactions, the effect of stimulation on the salivary proteome, and if these factors impact protein identification. This thesis expands knowledge of the salivary interactome and effects of stimulation intensity and duration on parotid saliva’s proteome. First, previous in vitro studies identified 43 proteins in the histatin 1-protein network and demonstrated histatin 1’s increased stability in whole saliva when interacting with amylase. We hypothesized that protein-protein-interaction databases could enlarge the histatin 1-protein network. A comprehensive histatin 1-protein network was created using STRING database, merging previous …

Social Determinants Of Access To Primary Care In Canada, Feben W. Alemu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Despite the promise of universal care, many Canadians report having unmet healthcare needs. We conducted two studies: (1) a systematic review of studies on social determinants of health (SDH) and unmet need; and (2) a secondary analysis using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) to investigate the association of SDH and (2a) self-reported unmet need and (2b) having a family physician. The review (n=40) found a positive association between unmet need and lower income, mental health and chronic conditions, and negative association with older age, better perceived health and having a family physician. The CLSA analysis found the odds …

Hyperexcitable And Immature-Like Neuronal Activity In The Auditory Cortex Of Adult Rats Lacking The Language-Linked Cntnap2 Gene., Kaela E Scott, Rajkamalpreet S Mann, Ashley L Schormans, Susanne Schmid, Brian L Allman

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

The contactin-associated protein-like 2 gene, CNTNAP2, is a highly penetrant risk gene thought to play a role in the genetic etiology of language-related disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and developmental language disorder. Despite its candidacy for influencing language development, few preclinical studies have examined the role of CNTNAP2 in auditory processing. Using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recordings in a rat model with translational validity, we report that a loss of the Cntnap2 gene function caused immature-like cortical evoked potentials, delayed multiunit response latencies to acoustic stimuli, impaired temporal processing, and led to a pattern of hyperexcitability in …

Highlighting The Mechanistic Relationship Between Perinatal Depression And Preeclampsia: A Scoping Review, Mei Yuan, Samantha Bedell, Barbra De Vrijer, Genevieve Eastabrook, Jefferson C. Frisbee, Stephanie J. Frisbee

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Background: Although there is scientific literature supporting an association between depression and preeclampsia (PE), little is known about the underlying mechanistic pathways that may explain these observed associations. Thus, this study aimed to outline the relationship between depression and PE, and to highlight the underlying cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that are common to both. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted in Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: From 706 articles initially identified, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Although some studies reported a positive association between PE and postpartum …

Determination Of The Protective Capacity Of Hand Wraps In Combat Athletes Using Force Analysis, Eva M. Gusnowski

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Upper extremity injuries are common in combat athletes, and are highest in the hand/wrist. Although protective hand gear is used, there is a paucity of research investigating its effectiveness. This study addressed this knowledge gap by measuring the level of force transmitted to the hand during striking using two types of hand wraps. This prospective cross over study included six combat athletes. A load cell was placed over the proximal phalanges/metacarpophalangeal joints and was used to measure sustained peak force during striking while covered with either standard linear or gel-reinforced hand wraps and boxing gloves. The gel reinforced wraps consistently …

Anatomical And Functional Lung Imaging With Volumetric Computed Tomography In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Heather Young

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in Canada, and the leading cause of cancer deaths. A significant challenge in treating NSCLC is balancing aggressive treatment with the potentially severe side effects. In radiation therapy, the management of respiratory motion and the risks of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) pose significant challenges. 4-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) is an important part of motion management, but images often suffer from motion-induced artifacts. Volumetric CT scanners with wide axial field-of-view (aFOV) may reduce these artifacts and present an opportunity to advance CT-based functional lung imaging.

Chapter 2 presents a …

The Effects Of Gases From Food Waste On Human Health: A Systematic Review, Paulina Rudziak

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

Food waste is an everyday activity in many developed countries; however, the risks from emissions are either not acknowledged or poorly regulated in many food waste plants worldwide. The literature lacks a systematic review that gives a thorough overview of the effects of food waste emissions on human health, directly affecting physiology and indirectly affecting human health through environmental health effects. The aim of this study is to address this gap to support decision-makers in public health when inspecting food waste facilities and the surrounding areas. To inform this systematic review, the four databases, Web of Science, OVID, EMBASE, and …

Exploring Digital Transformation In Dentistry At The Ssmd Dental Clinic, Aliaa Abdelmeguid

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

Digital transformation in healthcare includes an array of digital technologies that are rapidly transforming every domain of healthcare. Digital transformation has had a massive influence on Dentistry as common practices in the field continue to shift from traditional methods to digitally backed processes. This impacts not only dental practices but also dental education required to train dentists for a digital future. Regardless of this impact, adopting digital tools and techniques in healthcare practice and in education remains a significant challenge to accomplish successfully. This research aims to explore and tackle the barriers of adopting Intraoral Cameras within the SSMD Clinics …

Electrochemical Deposition Of Calcium Phosphate-Based Coatings Onto Porous Ti Using Organic Phosphorus Sources, Clement Lee

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The study and commercialization of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings has occurred for several decades. However, this has typically involved the use of hydroxyapatite. This thesis presents the synthesis of different Ca-P-based coatings that has not been studied. Anodic oxidation was employed to create a porous Ti substrate, while pulsed electrochemical deposition was used to deposit the coating onto the Ti. The first coating synthesized was a calcium phosphoserine (Ca-pSer) complex, which contained two different morphologies: a flower-like structure at low deposition time and a unique cubic morphology at higher deposition times. Next, an amorphous calcium phosphate coating was synthesized and …

Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors Influencing Homeostasis And Repair In Oral Tissues, Georgia Nikoloudaki

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The oral tissues, including gingiva and buccal mucosa, heal rapidly with minimal scar formation. Although in the oral cavity, the palatal mucosa is associated with excessive scarring in response to injury. In this thesis, first, I investigated the complex relationship between cells and their microenvironment using wound healing models in which extracellular matrix composition and mechanical stiffness affect cellular responses during acute wound repair. I also determined how intrinsic differences of cells recruited during healing contribute to wound resolution.

In Chapter 2, I first investigated cell-extrinsic factors, specifically the influence of the pro-fibrotic matricellular protein periostin on palatal healing. Using …

Evaluating The Utility Of S100a7 In Identifying Oral Dysplastic Lesions That Will Progress To Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Jeff Soparlo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Title: Evaluating the utility of S100A7 in identifying oral dysplastic lesions that will progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma Introduction: Recently, S100A7 has been shown to be a potential useful marker for identifying oral lesions at risk of transformation from dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma. Our hypothesis is that high S100A7 protein expression predicts the transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia to malignancy. The objective of our study is to semi-quantitatively evaluate the level of S100A7 expression in dysplastic lesions which have transformed into oral squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemistry, and correlate these results with other methods of analysis including the …

Spin And Distortion In Surgical Trials, Andrea Mataruga

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Research problem: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are essential; however, their validity can be threatened through distortion or spin. This study quantifies publication bias and distorted outcome reporting.

Methodology: All surgical RCTs registered on ClinicalTrials.gov from 1997-2017 were identified and a sample was obtained through random and intentional selection. Failure to publish (proportion of studies that remain unpublished), outcome distortion (changing intended outcomes), and spin (distorted presentation) were explored. Comparisons were made for positive versus negative studies and for high-income (HICs) versus low-middle income countries (LMICs).

Results: In total, 13,761 RCTs were registered (median enrollment size = 96, 94% from …

Identification Of Dna Methylation Episignatures For Classification And Phenotype/Genotype Correlation In Mendelian Neurodevelopmental Disorders, John Reilly

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

ABSTRACT: Diagnosis for neurodevelopmental disorders poses numerous challenges, related to the lack of specific findings and limited understanding of clinical impact of the majority of genetic variation. Epigenomics mechanisms involve chemical modifications in DNA that involve a range of cellular mechanisms. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involving addition and removal of methyl groups to cytosine residues. These methylation signals form episignatures; patterns of methylation that can be used as biomarkers capable of differentiating neurodevelopmental disorders. EpiSigns have enabled molecular diagnosis of a number of genetic conditions, classification of variants of unknown significance, and provided insights into the pathophysiology of …

Sex-Specific Alterations In Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism In Low Birth Weight Adult Guinea Pigs., Ousseynou Sarr, Katherine E Mathers, Christina Vanderboor, Kristina Wiggers, Aditya Devgan, Daniel B Hardy, Lin Zhao, Timothy Regnault

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (LBW) have been widely reported as an independent risk factor for adult hypercholesterolaemia and increased hepatic cholesterol in a sex-specific manner. However, the specific impact of uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI), a leading cause of LBW in developed world, on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in later life, is ill defined and is clinically relevant in understanding later life liver metabolic health trajectories.

METHODS: Hepatic cholesterol, transcriptome, cholesterol homoeostasis regulatory proteins, and antioxidant markers were studied in UPI-induced LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) male and female guinea pigs at 150 days.

RESULTS: Hepatic free and …

The Effect Of Modifications To Intermaxillary Orthodontic Elastics On Force Levels And Degradation Over Time, Steven Dent

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: Orthodontic elastics are frequently used in orthodontic treatment but there is little research into how to modify their prescription to improve their performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential wear modifications to a standard Class II intermaxillary elastic prescription on force levels and force degradation over time.

Methods: For this in vitro study, Ormco (OR) and American Orthodontic (AO) latex elastics had five modifications made to a standard 1/4”/4.5oz control elastic (Group 1). These included an increase of force level by one unit to 6 or 6.5oz (Group 2); a decrease in lumen size to 3/16” …

"Pain Is What The Patient Says It Is": A Secondary Analysis Of Nurses’ Reflections On The Term Pain Catastrophizing, Riana Longo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Background: Pain catastrophizing is a widely used concept; however, many have argued that it delegitimizes and decontextualizes patients’ pain experiences. Previous studies identified that patients and clinicians think the term is stigmatizing; however, nurses’ perceptions are underrepresented. Nurses offer a unique perspective that is critical to explore to foster positive change and improve patient outcomes. Objectives: This thesis aims to summarize the current literature on pain catastrophizing perspectives from clinicians and patients, analyze nurses’ perspectives, and uncover any underlying issues with the term itself. Methods: This thesis consisted of a two-stage design. The first study is a scoping review that …

Cost-Effective Non-Destructive Testing Of Biomedical Components Fabricated Using Additive Manufacturing, Santiago Fabian Cobos

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Biocompatible titanium-alloys can be used to fabricate patient-specific medical components using additive manufacturing (AM). These novel components have the potential to improve clinical outcomes in various medical scenarios. However, AM introduces stability and repeatability concerns, which are potential roadblocks for its widespread use in the medical sector. Micro-CT imaging for non-destructive testing (NDT) is an effective solution for post-manufacturing quality control of these components. Unfortunately, current micro-CT NDT scanners require expensive infrastructure and hardware, which translates into prohibitively expensive routine NDT. Furthermore, the limited dynamic-range of these scanners can cause severe image artifacts that may compromise the diagnostic value of …

Cervicofacial Actinomycosis In The Pediatric Population: Presentation And Management, Karan Gandhi, Benjamin D. Van Der Woerd, M. Elise Graham, Michelle Barton, Julie E. Strychowsky

Paediatrics Publications

Background: Infection caused by Actinomyces species is a rare cause of head and neck infection in children. This chronic cervicofacial infection can present with localized swelling, abscess formation, sinus drainage and can be complicated by osteomyelitis. Methods: Presented are 2 pediatric cases of secondary actinomycosis in the context of congenital lesions: 1 patient with a previously excised preauricular sinus and another with a persistent sublingual mass. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for reported cases of pediatric actinomycosis in the cervicofacial region. Results: Both cases presented were successfully treated with a combination of complete surgical excision of the lesions and …

Torque Expression Of Active And Passive Self-Ligating Orthodontic Brackets With Different Stainless Steel Wire Sizes, Jennifer L. Boogaards

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This investigation aimed to compare engagement angles and torquing moments generated by stainless steel (SS) wires in three active self-ligating (ASL), one passive self-ligating (PSL), and a conventional twin orthodontic bracket system control. Brackets were tested in simulations of buccal and palatal root torque using four sizes of SS wires (16x22, 17x25, 19x25, 20x20 mil). A custom 3D printed testing apparatus was developed to measure torque. After initial engagement within bracket slots, torquing moments increased with progressive rotation of brackets around wires. In general, the PSL and conventionally ligated systems generated significantly larger torquing moments than ASL systems, especially with …

The 2021 Eurpean Alliance Of Associations For Rheumatology/American College Of Rheumatology Points To Consider For Diagnosis And Management Of Autoinflammatory Type I Interferonopathies: Candle/Praas, Savi And Ags, Kader Cetin Gedik, Lovro Lamot, Micol Romano, Erkan Demirkaya, David Piskin, Sofia Torreggiani, Laura A. Adang, Thais Armangue, Kathe Barchus, Devon R. Cordova, Yanick J. Crow, Russell C. Dale, Karen L. Durrant, Despina Eleftheriou, Elisa M. Fazzi, Marco Gattorno, Francesco Gavazzi, Eric P. Hanson, Min Ae Lee-Kirsch, Gina A. Montealegre Sanchez, Bénédicte Neven, Simona Orcesi, Seza Ozen, M. Cecilia Poli, Elliot Schumacher, Davide Tonduti, Katsiaryna Uss, Daniel Aletaha, Brian M. Feldman

Paediatrics Publications

Objective: Autoinflammatory type I interferonopathies, chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature/proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (CANDLE/PRAAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) are rare and clinically complex immunodysregulatory diseases. With emerging knowledge of genetic causes and targeted treatments, a Task Force was charged with the development of 'points to consider' to improve diagnosis, treatment and long-term monitoring of patients with these rare diseases. Methods: Members of a Task Force consisting of rheumatologists, neurologists, an immunologist, geneticists, patient advocates and an allied healthcare professional formulated research questions for a systematic literature …