Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Age-Related Decline In Hippocampal Tyrosine Phosphatase Ptpro Is A Mechanistic Factor In Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment., Zhimeng Yao, Hongmei Dong, Jianlin Zhu, Liang Du, Yichen Luo, Qing Liu, Shixin Liu, Yusheng Lin, Lu Wang, Shuhong Wang, Wei Wei, Keke Zhang, Qingjun Huang, Xiaojun Yu, Weijiang Zhao, Haiyun Xu, Xiaofu Qiu, Yunlong Pan, Xingxu Huang, Sai-Ching Jim Yeung, Dianzheng Zhang, Hao Zhang

PCOM Scholarly Papers

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) or "chemo brain" is a devastating neurotoxic sequela of cancer-related treatments, especially for the elderly individuals. Here we show that PTPRO, a tyrosine phosphatase, is highly enriched in the hippocampus, and its level is tightly associated with neurocognitive function but declined significantly during aging. To understand the protective role of PTPRO in CRCI, a mouse model was generated by treating Ptpro-/- female mice with doxorubicin (DOX) because Ptpro-/- female mice are more vulnerable to DOX, showing cognitive impairments and neurodegeneration. By analyzing PTPRO substrates that are neurocognition-associated tyrosine kinases, we found that SRC and EPHA4 are …

One And A Half-Stage Revision With Prosthetic Articulating Spacer For Definitive Management Of Knee Periprosthetic Joint Infection., Ahmed Siddiqi, Yusuf Mahmoud, Salvador A. Forte, Thomas A Novack, James Nace

Orthopedic Surgery Resident Research

This paper is a comprehensive review that describes indications, contraindications, clinical outcomes, and pearls and pitfalls of 1.5-stage revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilizing a primary TKA femoral component, all-polyethylene tibial component, and hand-crafted antibiotic cement for the management of chronic periprosthetic joint infection. The 1.5-stage exchange TKA details placement of an articulating spacer for an indefinite period, prolonging revision until reinfection, deterioration of functional status, or construct failure. A 1.5-stage revision TKA technique is a viable option for treatment of chronic periprosthetic knee infections. The inherent advantages of decreased health-care costs, decreased morbidity and mortality, and improved emotional ease …

A Scoping Review Of Injuries In Amateur And Professional Men's Ice Hockey, Patrick F Szukics, Peters T Otlans, Alfonso Arevalo, Matthew Meade, Peter Deluca, John P Salvo

Orthopedic Surgery Resident Research

Background: Orthopaedic injuries are common in ice hockey at all levels and can result in physical and psychological adverse effects on these athletes.

Purpose: Primarily, to summarize published data on orthopaedic hockey injuries at the junior through professional level. Secondarily, to characterize the literature based on anatomic site injured, return-to-play rates, cause/mechanism of injury, time lost, and treatments used.

Study Design: Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and SCOPUS were searched using the terms "hockey" and "injuries" using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, and 4163 studies involving orthopaedic injuries were …

A Scoping Review Of Injuries In Amateur And Professional Men's Ice Hockey., Patrick F Szukics, Peters T Otlans, Alfonso Arevalo, Matthew Meade, Peter Deluca, John P Salvo

Orthopedic Surgery Resident Research

Background: Orthopaedic injuries are common in ice hockey at all levels and can result in physical and psychological adverse effects on these athletes.

Purpose: Primarily, to summarize published data on orthopaedic hockey injuries at the junior through professional level. Secondarily, to characterize the literature based on anatomic site injured, return-to-play rates, cause/mechanism of injury, time lost, and treatments used.

Study Design: Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and SCOPUS were searched using the terms "hockey" and "injuries" using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, and 4163 studies involving orthopaedic injuries were …

Examination Of Care Processes And Treatment Optimization For Head And Neck Cancer Patients In A Community Setting “Hub And Hub” Model, Harleen K. Sethi, Elijah Walker, Travis Weinsheim, Matthew J. Brennan, Christopher E. Fundakowski

Otolaryngology (ENT) Resident Research

Objective

To examine referral pattern, the timing of diagnostic/staging processes, and treatment initiation for new head and neck cancer patients in a community setting.

Methods

Patients with a newly diagnosed previously untreated diagnosis of head neck cancer managed at Asplundh Cancer Pavilion/Abington Memorial Hospital from October 2018 to March 2020. Source of referral and preceding workup were examined as well as intervals between initial head and neck consult and various timepoints of treatment initiation.

Results

One hundred and five patients were included in the study. The primary referral sources were external general otolaryngology (56.3%). Oral surgery and dermatology obtained tissue …

Aloin Isoforms (A And B) Selectively Inhibits Proteolytic And Deubiquitinating Activity Of Papain Like Protease (Plpro) Of Sars-Cov-2 In Vitro., Devin S M Lewis, Joanna Ho, Savannah Wills, Anasha Kawall, Avini Sharma, Krishna Chavada, Maximilian C C J C Ebert, Stefania Evoli, Ajay Singh, Srujana Rayalam, Vicky Mody, Shashidharamurthy Taval

PCOM Scholarly Papers

The most common host entry point of human adapted coronaviruses (CoV) including SARS-CoV-2 is through the initial colonization in the nostril and mouth region which is responsible for spread of the infection. Most recent studies suggest that the commercially available oral and nasal rinse products are effective in inhibiting the viral replication. However, the anti-viral mechanism of the active ingredients present in the oral rinses have not been studied. In the present study, we have assessed in vitro enzymatic inhibitory activity of active ingredients in the oral mouth rinse products: aloin A and B, chlorhexidine, eucalyptol, hexetidine, menthol, triclosan, methyl …

Is Tranexamic Acid Effective In Reducing Postoperative Blood Loss In Adult Patients With Lumbar Degenerative Disease Who Are Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery?, Natalie L. Cervelli

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is tranexamic acid effective in reducing postoperative blood loss in adult patients with lumbar degenerative disease who are undergoing posterior lumbar spinal fusion surgery?”

STUDY DESIGN: A review of two double-blinded randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one RCT.

DATA SOURCES: All articles were peer-reviewed and published in English between 2017-2020. They were found through PubMed and chosen based on ability to answer the objective.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome measured in all articles was the objective amount of blood loss in mL contained in drainage output through …

Does Inspiratory Muscle Training (Imt) Improve Sleep Quality In Adult Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea?, Zoe Tirado

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not inspiratory muscle training (IMT) improves sleep quality in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Design: A systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCT) published between 2018 and 2020.

Data Sources: All articles were published in peer reviewed journals and obtained using PubMed, AMED, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE databases. The studies were chosen based on their relevance to the clinical question.

Outcome Measured: The outcome measured in all three studies was subjective improvement in sleep quality. The participants overall sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh …

Special Considerations In Facial Transplantation: A Systematic Review, Melanie Shpigel, Sammy Othman, Jason Cohn, Christopher Hill, Paige Bundrick, Gabriel F. Santiago, Chad Gordon

Research Day

Background: Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) of the face is an exceedingly complex procedure, requiring extensive planning and surgical precision in order to successfully manage patients with facial disfigurements. This review aims to present an overview of the salient anatomic considerations in facial transplantation, as well as give attention to unique patient populations and special considerations.

Methods: A literature review was performed in search of articles pertaining to considerations in facial transplantation using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Articles selected for further review included full-text articles with an emphasis on specific anatomic defects and how they were addressed …

Assessing The Role Of The Inequitable Food Environment In The Obesity Epidemic, Samuel G. Latzsch

PCOM Capstone Projects

The prevalence of obesity has more than doubled in the United States within the past forty years, and children that are raised obese are more likely to have health complications and a shorter lifespan. The onset of the obesity epidemic coincided with numerous factors which likely played a significant role in drastically shifting the food environment and dietary habits of Americans. The food production industry notable capitalized on industrialism and innovative technology to mass produce packaged products that are energy-dense and full of preservatives to increase shelf-life duration. These measures which aimed to secure widespread food availability have resulted in …

Designing For Disability: Making Activities Of Daily Living More Manageable Through 3d Printing, Mashaal Syed

PCOM Capstone Projects

While there have been many innovations developed for those with physical disabilities in recent years, a multitude of unmet needs still remain. This review seeks to highlight designs, public policies, and other initiatives that have been established to assist this population thus far. Information has been curated from databases including, but not limited to, Pubmed and Policymap.

With the advent of new and affordable technologies such as 3D printing, it is now more possible than ever before to bring one’s ideas to life; from creating customized prosthetics to wheelchair attachments for water bottles and umbrellas, we are able to quickly …

Manifestations Of Food Insecurity In Pediatric Populations, Kelsey S. Rowe

PCOM Capstone Projects

Food insecurity is the inability to acquire food required for a healthy lifestyle. Childhood food insecurity impacts 13.6% of American children, approximately 5.3 million children are living in food insecure households. Food insecurity is a major public health concern in the United States and must be eradicated in order to develop a healthy nation. This paper focuses on the manifestations of food insecurity in pediatric populations and possible interventions. Data was collected from peer reviewed articles that were obtained using EBSCOhost and Pubmed.gov. Research found food insecurity is associated with anemia, poor school performance, behavioral health disorders, stunting, wasting, obesity, …

Investigating The Behavioral And Neuronal Effects Of Electric Stimulation Of The Cerebellar Cortex Using Awake Mice, Madison Cohen

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Does Administration Of 800 Mg Intravenous Ibuprofen Reduce Post-Surgical Pain Within 24-28 Hours?, Marisa Mazza

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not administration of 800 mg IV ibuprofen reduces post-surgical pain within 24-28 hours.

Study Design: A systematic review of three randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled studies.

Data Sources: All studies were published in English during or after the year 2010. All articles were obtained from peer reviewed journals and databases using PubMed and CINAHL Plus. Selection was determined based on the relevance to the clinical question.

Outcomes Measured: All three studies aimed to measure the efficacy of IV ibuprofen on the reduction of post-operative pain at rest and …

A Baker's Dozen Of Top Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention Publications In 2019, Kayla R Stover, Elias B Chahine, David Cluck, Sarah Green, Daniel B Chastain, Darrell Childress, Carmen Faulkner-Fennell, Katherine Lusardi, Edo-Abasi U. Mcgee, Michelle Turner, P Brandon Bookstaver, Christopher M Bland

PCOM Scholarly Papers

Staying current on literature related to antimicrobial stewardship can be challenging given the ever-increasing number of published articles. The Southeastern Research Group Endeavor (SERGE-45) identified antimicrobial stewardship-related peer-reviewed literature that detailed an actionable intervention for 2019. The top 13 publications were selected using a modified Delphi technique. These manuscripts were reviewed to highlight the actionable intervention used by antimicrobial stewardship programs to provide key stewardship literature for teaching and training and to identify potential intervention opportunities within one's institution.

Flexibility And Adaptation: Key Elements For Preserving Research Continuity During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mindy George-Weinstein

PCOM Scholarly Papers

Limiting the spread of the coronavirus by social-distancing has eclipsed nearly all normal daily activities and routines. Healthcare services for those with COVID-19 and protection of vulnerable populations have escalated exponentially. State and local governments are mandating closure of non-essential businesses while classifying operations of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies as essential. Education of students at all levels is, for the most part, virtual across the U.S.

A Systematic Review Of The Of Factors Contributing To Sustained Homelessness And Those Influencing The Deterioration Of Homeless Health And Healthcare, Mojisola Delano

PCOM Capstone Projects

Homelessness is a perpetual problem occurring in society. With a lack of competency of either government institutions or private establishments to provide the required intervention to provide shelter and aid for the existing homeless population or to prevent further homelessness; the next best objective would be to keep this population healthy, by employing hygiene interventions. However, there is a serve lack in hygiene interventions as well. A few US cities and many counties abroad have begun to research and implement strategies for sanitary intervention in homeless hygiene in hopes that if they are unable to “cure” homelessness, then they can …

Are Binaural Beats Effective At Reducing Anxiety In Patients Undergoing Medical Intervention?, Cory German

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not binaural beats are effective at reducing anxiety in patients undergoing medical intervention.

Study Design: Literature review of three English peer-reviewed studies, published on or after January 1, 2008.

Data Sources: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were found using a search via the Cochrane Collaboration. These studies were selected based on relevance to binaural audio being used for reduction of anxiety and that the outcomes mattered to patients.

Outcomes Measured: The outcomes addressed in this study include patient anxiety levels preand post-operatively. Outcomes were measured using the …

Is Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Effective For Reducing Pain & Symptom Severity In Adults With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?, Emily Latimer

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine “Is platelet-rich plasma injection effective for reducing pain & symptom severity in adults with carpal tunnel syndrome?”

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of two randomized controlled trials and one nonrandomized controlled trial to analyze the overall effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections as a management for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). All three articles were published in peer-reviewed journals after the year 2016.

DATA SOURCES: These two RCTs and one non-RCT were found using Pubmed and were selected based on their year of publication, population of individuals with mild to moderate …

Does Yoga Provide Any Analgesic Benefits In Adolescents With Primary Dysmenorrhea?, Stephanie Arkin

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not the effects of yoga improve pain management in the adolescent population with primary dysmenorrhea.

DESIGN: Review of three randomized control trials (RCTs), all three written in English, and were published in 2011,2013, and 2017.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized control trials were published in peer-reviewed journals found via PubMed, Medline, and International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Pain intensity and Quality of Life (QOL) were measured using the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VASP), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and SF-36 Short …

Interleukin 1Β And Prostaglandin E2 Affect Expression Of Dna Methylating And Demethylating Enzymes In Human Gingival Fibroblasts, Sara Seutter, Jacquay Winfield, Alexis Esbitt, Samantha Snyder, Anastasia Magner, Kristine Kim, Craig Carcuffe, Jeremy Schmoyer, Payvand Kamrani, Jason Mercando, Seyed M Shamseddin, Kevan Green, Ruth C. Borghaei

PCOM Scholarly Papers

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory condition that results in increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. In addition to oral disease and tooth loss, it also causes low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to development of systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease, pre-term birth, diabetes and cancer. Chronic inflammation is associated with epigenetic change, and it has been suggested that such changes can alter cell phenotypes in ways that contribute to both ongoing inflammation and development of associated pathologies. Here we show that exposure of human gingival fibroblasts to IL-1β increases expression of maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 but decreases expression of …

Effects Of Pay For Performance On Performance Outcomes In Pennsylvania’S Medicaid Managed Care Program, Harry Zobel, David Kelley, Michele Robinson, Pauline Sanders, Jennifer Ibrahim

Research Day

Background and Purpose: A goal in healthcare is to reduce costs while improving quality of care, and population health. Pay for Performance (P4P) is one intervention being utilized by Medicaid programs to achieve this goal. While P4P has become a favorite among policymakers, its effectiveness in improving health outcomes is still under investigation. We assessed the role of P4P to improve provider performance by evaluating Pennsylvania’s Medicaid Managed Care (MMC) Program.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis of providers within the HealthChoices MMC Program in Pennsylvania. We examined annual provider performance outcomes for seven providers across six …

Addressing The Need For Establishment Of School-Based Health Centers To Provide Reproductive Health Care In Philadelphia: A Meta-Analysis, Annam Humayun

PCOM Capstone Projects

OBJECTIVE: Currently, the communities of Philadelphia, which have predominantly African American residents, suffer from massive racial and ethnic health disparities. Children in these communities are at high risk of dropping out of school while also lacking access to reproductive health care. This myriad of unfortunate circumstances perpetuates the cycle of poverty that residents in these lowincome communities have been experiencing for decades. School-based health centers are a potential answer to this problem. The objective of this meta-analysis is to review published studies and carry out a meta-analysis to assess potential benefits and feasibility of SBHCs in the Philadelphia public …

The Use Of Dietary Interventions In Pediatric Patients, Shirin Madzhidova, Lusine Sedrakyan

PCOM Scholarly Papers

Complementary and alternative treatment approaches are becoming more common among children with chronic conditions. The prevalence of CAM use among US adults was estimated to be around 42% in 2015 and around 44% to 50% among adults with neurologic disorders. Studies demonstrate that children with certain chronic illnesses such as asthma, cancer, genetic disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other neurodevelopmental disorders are treated with complementary and alternative treatments at higher rates. Dietary therapies are gaining increasing popularity in the mainstream population. Although the majority of "fad" diets do not have enough supporting evidence, some dietary therapies have been utilized for …

Identifying The Homology Of The Short Human Pisiform And Its Lost Ossification Center, Kelsey M. Kjosness, Philip L. Reno

PCOM Scholarly Papers

Background: The pisiform and calcaneus are paralogous bones of the wrist and ankle and are the only carpal and tarsal, respectively, to develop from two ossification centers with an associated growth plate in mammals. Human pisiforms and calcanei have undergone drastic evolutionary changes since our last common ancestor with chimpanzees and bonobos. The human pisiform is truncated and has lost an ossification center with the associated growth plate, while the human calcaneus has expanded and retained two ossification centers and a growth plate. Mammalian pisiforms represent a wide range of morphologies but extremely short pisiforms are rare and ossification center …

Is Virtual Reality For Acute Pain Reduction In Adolescents Undergoing Burn Wound Care Effective?, Michelle Wood

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not the use of virtual reality (VR) is an effective method of pain reduction in adolescents undergoing burn wound care.

STUDY DESIGN: Includes a review of two English based randomized controlled trials, and one English based descriptive exploratory study. These studies were published in 2007-2014.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized control trials (RCT’s) and one exploratory study were found searching PubMed database. Both the random control trials and the exploratory study compare the use of virtual reality interventions against either medical management only or a combination of medical …

Is Intranasal Ketorolac Both Safe And Effective In Reducing Acute Postoperative Pain For Patients Over 18 Years Of Age That Require Inpatient Hospitalization?, Courtney Koukal

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not intranasal ketorolac is both safe and effective in reducing acute postoperative pain for patients over 18 years of age that require inpatient hospitalization.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were used, all are from 2008 to present and all are in the English language.

DATA SOURCES: Data sources include articles that were published on both PubMed and Cochrane databases and were selected based on their relevance to the research question as well as patient measured outcomes.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Outcomes measured include efficacy …

Does Resistance Training Reduce Low Back Pain?, Lauren N. Carosi

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not resistance training reduces low back pain.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published in 2011, 2014, and 2015.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled and clinical trials comparing resistance training (kettlebell training, graded activity, TOTRX, LEXT) to physiotherapy exercise and no exercise intervention, found using PubMed.

OUTCOME MEASURED: Severity of pain in the low-back area, measured using Pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRSpain) and pain visual-analog scale.

RESULTS: Two out of three studies found that resistance training reduced low back pain in comparison to a control …

Revision Of Eocene Electric Rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) From The Bolca Konservat-Lagerstätte, Italy, Reveals The First Fossil Embryo In Situ In Marine Batoids And Provides New Insights Into The Origin Of Trophic Novelties In Coral Reef Fishes, Giuseppe Marramà, Kerin M. Claeson, Giorgio Carnevale, Jürgen Kriwet

PCOM Scholarly Papers

The Eocene electric ray †Titanonarke Carvalho, 2010 from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerstätte, north-eastern Italy, is redescribed in detail based upon new material from recent excavations. This taxon exhibits a combination of features (large voids between the pectoral and the axial skeleton filled in life by electric organs, anteriorly directed fan-shaped antorbital cartilages, lack of dermal denticles, long prepelvic processes, and rounded basibranchial copula with a small caudal tab) that clearly supports its assignment to the order Torpediniformes. The analysis of new material also demonstrates that the previous apparent absence of typical narcinoid characters used to diagnose †Titanonarke was the …

Is Phototherapy An Effective Treatment For Herpes Simplex Labialis?, Sarah Landis

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this evidence based medicine review is to determine if laser phototherapy is an effective treatment for herpes simplex labialis.

Study Design: Review of one case study published in 2009, and two randomized controlled trials published in 2010 and 2013. All studies were published in English.

Data Source: One case study and two randomized controlled trials were retrieved from PubMed database to write this EBM review

Outcomes measured: Decreases in healing time or size based on patient reporting, scoring systems, or photo documentation.

Results: The study conducted by Marotti et al determined …