Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cultural Conflict In Medicine: A Moral Debate Between Paternalism And Patient Autonomy, Hannah Webb

Honors Theses

In today’s society filled with globalization and mass movement of people and ideas, there is an ever present question of how each individual society fits into the overall culture of a diversified country such as the United States. The idea of the US as a melting pot has triggered the inability to create a “one size fits all” style of living. In terms of medicine, westernized practices are typically accepted in a majority of the world. However, conflicting traditional practices as well as religious beliefs are still present in some areas of the world as well as in the US …

Effectiveness Of Clinical Scenarios In Improving Student Interprofessional Skills And Attitudes, Ashley Peterson, Mike Pelyhes, Laura Cummings, Phillip L. Thornton, Zachary N. Jenkins

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Background: “Interprofessional education (IPE) is defined as the process by which individuals from two or more health professions learn with, from, and about each other across the spectrum of their education to improve collaboration, practice, and the quality of health care.” [1] Interprofessional Education has recently gained interest as an important aspect of training in healthcare professions, attracting the attention and support of several key pharmacy organizations. Various models of IPE have been implemented to facilitate collaboration among medical, nursing, pharmacy, and social work students and professionals. One model found to be particularly effective among pharmacy students is a mock …

Interictal Neurocognitive Processing Of Visual Stimuli In Migraine: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Marla J. S Mickleborough, Christine M. Chapman, Andreea Simina Toma, Jeremy H. M Chan, Grace Truong, Todd C. Handy

Dartmouth Scholarship

Research has established decreased sensory habituation as a defining feature in migraine, while decreased cognitive habituation has only been found with regard to cognitive assessment of the relative probability of the occurrence of a stimulus event. Our study extended the investigation of interictal habituation in migraine to include cognitive processing when viewing of a series of visually-complex images, similar to those we encounter on the internet everyday. We examined interictal neurocognitive function in migraine from a habituation perspective, using a novel paradigm designed to assess how the response to a series of images changes over time. Two groups of participants--migraineurs …

Complementary And Alternative Medicine: Attitudes And Use Among Health Educators In The United States, Ping Johnson, Jennifer Priestley, Kandice Porter, Jane Petrillo

Jennifer L. Priestley

Background: Interest in and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States is increasing. However, CAM remains an area of nascency for researchers and western practitioners. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine U.S. health educators' attitudes toward CAM and their use of common CAM therapies. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among members of a professional health educator listserv. Results: Health educators generally have positive attitudes toward CAM and about 90% have used at least one CAM therapy in the last 12 months. Differences in CAM attitudes and use were significant, with females …

A Survey Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine Knowledge Among Health Educators In The United States, Ping Johnson, Jennifer Priestley, Roy Johnson

Jennifer L. Priestley

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular among U.S. health care consumers, but no study has examined how much health educators know about CAM. Purpose: To examine the knowledge of basic CAM concepts and common CAM therapies among health educators in the U.S. Methods: An online survey was conducted among 1,299 health educators with valid e-mails on a professional listserv. The response rate was 39%. The 16-item CAM knowledge scale yielded a Cronbach's alpha of .71. Results: Participating health educators were most knowledgeable about chiropractic and massage therapy, familiar with the general definition of CAM, understood whether acupuncture is …

Drug Firms, The Codification Of Diagnostic Categories, And Bias In Clinical Guidelines, Lisa Cosgrove, Emily E. Wheeler

Counseling and School Psychology Faculty Publication Series

The profession of medicine is predicated upon an ethical mandate: first do no harm. However, critics charge that the medical profession’s culture and its public health mission are being undermined by the pharmaceutical industry’s wide-ranging influence. In this article, we analyze how drug firms influence psychiatric taxonomy and treatment guidelines such that these resources may serve commercial rather than public health interests. Moving beyond a conflict-of-interest model, we use the conceptual and normative framework of institutional corruption to examine how organized psychiatry’s dependence on drug firms has distorted science. We suggest that academic-industry relationships have led to the corruption of …

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Fall 2013

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Westerfield, William Peter, 1835-1916 (Mss 471), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

MSS Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 471. Diaries of William P. Westerfield, a Rochester, Butler County, Kentucky physician, recording the weather and local events from 1895-1915. Includes some Westerfield family data.

An Assessment Of The Bhutanese Traditional Medicine For Its Ethnopharmacology, Ethnobotany And Ethnoquality: Textual Understanding And The Current Practices, Phurpa Wangchuk, Stephen G. Pyne, Paul A. Keller

Paul Keller

Ethnopharmacological relevance : This study involves the assessment of the Bhutanese traditional medicine (BTM) which was integrated with the mainstream biomedicine in 1967 to provide primary health care services in the country. It caters to 20-30% of the daily out-patients within 49 traditional medicine units attached to 20 district modern hospitals and 29 Basic Health Units in the country. Aim of the study : This study presents the ethnopharmacological, ethnobotanical and the ethnoquality concepts in relation to mainstream Tibetan medicine and describes the current practices of BTM. Materials and methods : Experienced BTM practitioners (Drung-tshos and Smen-pas) were selected using …

Has Novelty In Healthcare Gone A Little Stale?, Ray Moynihan

Ray Moynihan

Extract: Although drugs are essential, the roar of their marketing distorts decision making in favour of the newest and most expensive pills at the expense of older ones or of non-drug approaches. New diagnostic technologies offer undreamt of opportunities to detect ever earlier signs of illness, but they have also brought the increasingly recognised risk of overdiagnosis. Much has been written about how promotion can drive inappropriate use of valuable technologies, but does our deep love affair with novelty deserve more scrutiny?

Exploring Online Community Among Rural Medical Education Students: A Case Study, Ryan Tyler Palmer

Dissertations and Theses

There is a severe shortage of rural physicians in America. One reason physicians choose not to practice, or persist in practice, in rural areas is due to a lack of professional community, i.e., community of practice (CoP). Online, "virtual" CoPs, enabled by now common Internet communication technology can help give rural physicians the CoP experience they traditionally have lacked, despite their remote practice locations. Therefore, it is important for rural medical education programs to provide technological experiences that give students the skills needed to create virtual CoPs in future rural practice contexts.

The Oregon Rural Scholars Program (ORSP) provides such …

What Attributes Of Patients Affect Their Involvement In Safety? A Key Opinion Leaders’ Perspective, Stephen Buetow, Rachel E. Davis, Kathleen Callaghan, Susan Dovey

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about which attributes the patients need when they wish to maximise their capability to partner safely in healthcare. We aimed to identify these attributes from the perspective of key opinion leaders. DESIGN: Delphi study involving indirect group interaction through a structured two-round survey. SETTING: International electronic survey. PARTICIPANTS: 11 (65%) of the 17 invited internationally recognised experts on patient safety completed the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: 50 patient attributes were rated by the Delphi panel for their ability to contribute maximally to safe health care. RESULTS: The panellists agreed that 13 attributes are important for patients who …

Increasing Medical Students' Capacity To Practice Evidence-Based Medicine Through Improving Student Participation And Interest In Journal Club, Warren C. Rich, Judy Mullan, Kathryn M. Weston, Peter L. Mclennan

Judy Mullan

Research indicates that graduating doctors believe they are deficient in the skills needed to become evidence-based practitioners. To address this the University of Wollongong’s new Graduate School of Medicine has embedded research and critical analysis (RCA) skills into the case-based curriculum. A key component of the RCA curriculum is improving the medical students’ critical appraisal skills by participating in Journal Club during their first phase of the course. Feedback from the first two student cohorts participating in Journal Club suggested that it was not important or interesting. To increase the level of interest, enthusiasm and participation in Journal Club peer-assessment …

"Taking Care Of Yourself" -A Student Programme For Personal And Professional Development Using Reflective Journaling In The University Of Wollongong Graduate School Of Medicine, Lyndal Parker-Newlyn, Coralie Wilson, Peter Kelly

Coralie J Wilson

No abstract provided.

"Taking Care Of Yourself" -A Student Programme For Personal And Professional Development Using Reflective Journaling In The University Of Wollongong Graduate School Of Medicine, Lyndal Parker-Newlyn, Coralie Wilson, Peter Kelly

Peter Kelly

No abstract provided.

To Bear Witness: A Journey Of Healing And Solidarity, Updated, Revised, And Expanded Edition, Kevin M. Cahill, M.D.

International Affairs

For more than fifty years, Dr. Cahill has been helping to heal the world, as a leading specialist in tropical medicine and as a driving force in humanitarian assistance and relief efforts around the globe. In this revised and expanded edition, he chronicles extraordinary achievements of compassion and commitment. Bringing together a rich selection of writings, he crafts a fascinating memoir of a life devoted to others. The book includes front-line reports from places under siege—Lebanon, Somalia, Sudan, Nicaragua, Gaza, and Ireland; there are also visionary essays from the origins of the AIDS epidemic and landmine crises, and no less …

Physician Satisfaction: The Role Of E-Mail Communication In The Practice Of Medicine, Joaquin Alvarado

Honors Theses

Communication between a physician and a patient is an integral part to the healthcare delivery system. E-mail has the power to fully utilize a physician’s medical expertise for the good of the patient. However, many physicians do not offer this service to their patients in the United States. This study analyzes factors that impact e‐mail utilization among physicians and whether e-mail use contributes to career satisfaction of physicians using the 2008 Health Tracking and Physician Survey. Controlling for the effect of physician and practice characteristics, such as financial incentive for providing services, gender, specialty, practice type, and reliance on Medicaid …

The Effect Of Electronic Medical Record Sophistication On U.S. Hospital Emergency Department Efficiency, Imran Chaudhri

Honors Theses

A key concern in emergency departments (EDs) is their overall efficiency, One proposed solution to making EDs more efficient is the use of electronic medical records (EMRs). This paper seeks to determine if varying levels of EMR sophistication have an effect on measures of emergency department efficiency. Furukawa (2011) found that EMR sophistication had varying effects on ED efficiency. Fully functional EMRs significantly improved ED efficiency in multiple measures, while basic EMR varied on its effects on efficiency. Since Furukawa’s results are somewhat inconclusive, this study aims to see if these effects are longstanding. I hypothesize that as EMR became …

Reforming Primary Care In The United States: Analysis Of Deficiencies And Potential Solutions Based On Existing Models, Noah Joseph

Honors Theses

Primary care medicine is an essential component of the U.S. health care system, yet there is no other part of the health care system that is in greater trouble right now. Primary care is undergoing profound change in the United States, as evidenced by an increasingly sick population along with the concurrent decrease in the supply of doctors to care for that population. The passage and the Supreme Court’s upholding of the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is but another confirmation of the need to improve upon primary care in the U.S. In this paper, the major deficiencies …

Comparison Of Wild And Cultivated Extracts Of Cordyceps Sinensis Apoptotic Potential, Katelyn Staring

Honors Theses

Cordyceps sinensis is a mushroom which contains the compound cordycepin (3’-deoxyadenosine), an analogue of adenosine. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), cordycepin has multipurpose pharmacological uses including purported anti-tumor effects. In the present study, cordycepin was extracted from the wild mushroom as well as from various commercially available cultivated extracts. Previous research in this lab has demonstrated that cultivated extracts contain less cordycepin than the wild mushroom. However, it is unclear if the decrease in cordycepin correlates with decreased activity. To measure anti-tumor activity, extracts were used to treat human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells). In other labs, cordycepin has been …

Examining Universal Primary Healthcare Through Community-Based Initiatives, Donald E. Warden

Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research

This paper examines enacting community-based primary healthcare programs and initiatives. It looks at the weaknesses of past attempts, the successes of current attempts, and gives insight into ways everyday citizens can change the way the world does healthcare. There are social, economic, and political barriers as to why these programs are not enacted. Since 1978, Member states of the United Nations strive towards healthcare for all. The original 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata sets the bar at achieving this goal by the year 2000. Now in the 21^st century, the world still battles inadequate healthcare. Nations continue to strive towards …

Proceedings - Wright State University Boonshoft School Of Medicine Fifth Annual Medical Student Research Symposium: Celebrating Medical Student Scholarship, Office Of Research Affairs, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Medical Student Research Symposium Proceedings

The student abstract booklet is a compilation of abstracts from students' oral and poster presentations at Wright State University's Fifth Annual Boonshoft School of Medicine Medical Student Research Symposium held on April 4, 2013.

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Spring 2013

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Creating A Learning Space In Problem-Based Learning, Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver

Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning

An important aspect of PBL problems is the affordances that they hold for engaging students in discussion of important content knowledge. In this paper, I argue that one can analyze a problem in terms of a deep problem space and a broader learning space to identify the conceptual ideas for potential engagement. The problem space refers to the specific ideas and concepts that are part of the goals of the problem at hand. The learning space includes those aspects of the problem space and also includes the broader space of related conceptual ideas such as the anatomy and physiology related …

The Doctor-Patient Relationship Revisited. An Analysis Of The Placebo Effect., Herbert M. Adler, Md, Van B. Hammett. Md

Herbert M. Adler

An overview of prescientific medicine, evolution, and individual human development is presented in an attempt to discover the generic factors operating in all interpersonal therapies. We hypothesize that the placebo effect rests on the universal human need for a group and, by symbolic extension, a system.

Molecular Imaging To Target Transplanted Muscle Progenitor Cells, Kelly Gutpell, Rebecca Mcgirr, Lisa Hoffman

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe genetic neuromuscular disorder that affects 1 in 3,500 boys, and is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration(1, 2). In patients, the ability of resident muscle satellite cells (SCs) to regenerate damaged myofibers becomes increasingly inefficient(4). Therefore, transplantation of muscle progenitor cells (MPCs)/myoblasts from healthy subjects is a promising therapeutic approach to DMD. A major limitation to the use of stem cell therapy, however, is a lack of reliable imaging technologies for long-term monitoring of implanted cells, and for evaluating its effectiveness. Here, we describe a non-invasive, real-time approach to evaluate the success of myoblast …

Perceptions Of Herbal Remedies Among California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo Students, Maria Cacciatore, Kimmie Layland, Nicole Morrisey

Social Sciences

Many practitioners now recognize that herbal remedies can be an effective and natural alternative to the standard American, western biomedicine. The objective of our research project is to discover the perceptions about herbal remedies as alternative medicine among Cal Poly students. Specifically we ask, why are they chosen and how students gauge their effectiveness. We seek to see if students have experimented with these herbal remedies, why they chose this route for wellness, and how they value the use of herbal alternative. If we are successful in this project, we will have a greater understanding of how young educated adults …

The Call Of Nursing: Stories From The Frontlines Of Nursing, Melissa Erickson

Book Chapters

The Call of Nursing is not a typical book about nurses. It takes us behind the curtain of silence that often hangs between us -- the patients who rely on the health care system -- and the women and men who form the backbone of that system, and who are entrusted with our intimate care.

Melissa Erickson:

I worked in Women Care at a large hospital in Minneapolis which delivers more babies than any other hospital in the state. Women Care is a level IV obstetric care facility. Primarily, I cared for high-risk mothers and babies there, including high-order multiples. …

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Winter 2013

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Benefits, Issues, And Recommendations For Personalized Medicine In Oncology In Canada, C Butts, S Kamel-Reid, G Batist, S Chia, C Blanke, M Moore, M B. Sawyer, C Desjardins, A Dubois, J Pun, K Bonter, F D. Ashbury

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

The burden of cancer for Canadian citizens and society is large. New technologies have the potential to increase the use of genetic information in clinical decision-making, furthering prevention, surveillance, and safer, more effective drug therapies for cancer patients. Personalized medicine can have different meanings to different people. The context for personalized medicine in the present paper is genetic testing, which offers the promise of refining treatment decisions for those diagnosed with chronic and life-threatening illnesses. Personalized medicine and genetic characterization of tumours can also give direction to the development of novel drugs. Genetic testing will increasingly become an essential part …