Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Global Burden Of Adolescent And Young Adult Cancer In 2019: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Elysia M. Alvarez, Lisa M. Force, Rixing Xu, Kelly Compton, Dan Lu, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

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Background

In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults.

Methods

Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected …

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Prolonged Time From Diagnosis To Breast-Conserving Surgery Is Associated With Upstaging In Hormone Receptor-Positive Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma, Natalie Hills, Macall Leslie, Rachel Davis, Marielle Crowell, Hiroyasu Kameyama, Hallgeir Rui, Inna Chervoneva, William Dooley, Takemi Tanaka

Faculty Publications

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BACKGROUND: Time to surgery (TTS) has been suggested to have an association with mortality in early-stage breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the association between TTS and preoperative disease progression in tumor size or nodal status among women diagnosed with clinical T1N0M0 ductal breast cancer. METHODS: Women diagnosed with clinical T1N0M0 ductal breast cancer who had breast-conserving surgery as their first definitive treatment between 2010 and 2016 (n = 90,405) were analyzed using the National Cancer Database. Separate multivariable logistic regression models for hormone receptor (HR)-positive and HR-negative patients, adjusted for clinical and demographic variables, were used to …

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Clinical Correlations Of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 In Different Tumor Types, Maksim Erokhin, Olga Chetverina, Balázs Győrffy, Victor V. Tatarskiy, Vladic Mogila, Alexander A. Shtil, Igor Roninson, Jerome Moreaux, Pavel Georgiev, Giacomo Cavalli, Darya Chetverina

Faculty Publications

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PRC2 (Polycomb repressive complex 2) is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex required to maintain transcriptional repression. The core PRC2 complex includes EZH2, SUZ12, and EED proteins and methylates histone H3K27. PRC2 is known to contribute to carcinogenesis and several small molecule inhibitors targeting PRC2 have been developed. The present study aimed to identify the cancer types in which PRC2 targeting drugs could be beneficial. We queried genomic and transcriptomic (cBioPortal, KMplot) database portals of clinical tumor samples to evaluate clinical correlations of PRC2 subunit genes. EZH2, SUZ12, and EED gene amplification was most frequently found in prostate cancer, whereas lymphoid …

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Association Of Cumulative Social Risk And Social Support With Receipt Of Chemotherapy Among Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer, Rachel E. Davis, Amber W. Trickey, Paul Abrahamse, Ikuko Kato, Kevin Ward, Arden M. Morris

Faculty Publications

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Importance: Approximately 38% of patients with advanced colorectal cancer do not receive chemotherapy. Objective: To determine whether cumulative social risk (ie, multiple co-occurring sociodemographic risk factors) is associated with lower receipt of chemotherapy among patients with advanced colorectal cancer and whether social support would moderate this association. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional, population-based, mailed survey study was conducted from 2012 to 2014. Participants were recruited between 2011 and 2014 from all adults within 1 year after diagnosis of stage III colorectal cancer in the Detroit, Michigan, and State of Georgia Surveillance, Epidemiology, End-Results cancer registries. Patients were eligible if …

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Redox-Sensitive Nanocomplex For Targeted Delivery Of Melittin, Bei Cheng, Peisheng Xu

Faculty Publications

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Although peptide therapeutics have been explored for decades, the successful delivery of potent peptides in vitro and in vivo remains challenging due to the poor stability, low cell permeability, and off-target effects. We developed a redox sensitive polymer-based nanocomplex which can efficiently and stably deliver the peptide drug melittin for cancer therapy. The nanocomplex selectively targets cancer cells through lactobionic acid mediated endocytosis and releases melittin intracellularly upon the trigger of elevated redox potential. In vivo study proved that the targeted nanocomplex shows excellent potency in inhibiting tumor growth in a xenograft colon cancer mouse model. Thus, the polymer/melittin nanocomplexes …

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Patient With Questions About Cancer Risk, Deborah O. Himes, Jennie Vagher

Faculty Publications

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Primary care nurse practitioners routinely care for patients with personal or family histories of cancer. Approximately 5% to 10% of all cancers are related to hereditary cancer syndromes (HCSs), which cause an increased risk for developing more cancers and cancers at earlier ages than the general population. Nurse practitioners in primary care must become comfortable with identifying patients at risk for HCSs. Ordering genetic tests can be a challenge because the number of genetic tests available is growing at a rapid pace. This case highlights a woman who survived breast cancer at age 25 and basal cell carcinoma at age …

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7-Epi-Clusianone, A Multi-Targeting Natural Product With Potential Chemotherapeutic, Immune-Modulating, And Anti-Angiogenic Properties, Wesley F. Taylor, Maria Yanez, Sara E. Moghadam, Mahdi Moridi Farimani, Sara Soroury, Samad N. Ebrahimi, Marzieh Tabefam, Ehsan Jabbarzadeh

Faculty Publications

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Targeted therapies have changed the treatment of cancer, giving new hope to many patients in recent years. The shortcomings of targeted therapies including acquired resistance, limited susceptible patients, high cost, and high toxicities, have led to the necessity of combining these therapies with other targeted or chemotherapeutic treatments. Natural products are uniquely capable of synergizing with targeted and non-targeted anticancer regimens due to their ability to affect multiple cellular pathways simultaneously. Compounds which provide an additive effect to the often combined immune therapies and cytotoxic chemotherapies, are exceedingly rare. These compounds would however provide a strengthening bridge between the two …

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Prospective Analysis Of Food Consumption And Nutritional Status And The Impact On The Dietary Inflammatory Index In Women With Breast Cancer During Chemotherapy, Isis Danyelle Dias Custódio, Fernanda De Paula Franco, Eduarda Da Costa Marinho, Taísa Sabrina Silva Pereira, Mariana Tavares Miranda Lima, Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Carlos Eduardo Paiva, Yara Cristina De Paiva Maia

Faculty Publications

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Considering the implications of adverse effects of chemotherapy (CT) and the potential impact of diet on patients’ recovery, this study aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between the consumption of food groups, patients’ Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) scores, and their nutritional status. Anthropometric and dietary assessments of 55 women with breast cancer (BC) were performed at three time points. T0 is the time point after the first CT cycle, T1 is the time point after the intermediate CT cycle, and T2 is the time point after the last CT cycle. We identified a significant increase in weight, body mass index, …

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The Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index (Dii) And Cancer Risk In Korea: A Prospective Cohort Study Within The Koges-Hexa Study, Injeong Ryu, Minji Kwon, Cheongmin Sohn, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Woori Na, Mi Kyung Kim

Faculty Publications

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Several epidemiological studies have shown that there are consistently positive associations between dietary inflammatory index (DII (R)) scores and cancer incidence in Western populations. However, few DII-cancer studies have been conducted in East Asian populations. In a large cohort representative of the general Korean population, we investigated whether the DII is associated with overall cancer risk. A total of 163,660 participants (56,781 males and 106,879 females) had evaluable data for analyses. This follow-up study was carried out over the course of 7.9 years. DII scores were calculated based on Semi-Quantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) data for 106 food items. Cancers were …

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Dietary Inflammatory Index And Non-Communicable Disease Risk: A Narrative Review, Catherine M. Phillips, Ling-Wei Chen, Barbara Heude, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Nicholas C. Harvey, Liesbeth Duijts, Sara M. Mensink-Bout, Kinga Polanska, Giulia Mancano, Matthew Suderman, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

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There are over 1,000,000 publications on diet and health and over 480,000 references on inflammation in the National Library of Medicine database. In addition, there have now been over 30,000 peer-reviewed articles published on the relationship between diet, inflammation, and health outcomes. Based on this voluminous literature, it is now recognized that low-grade, chronic systemic inflammation is associated with most non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancers, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, as well as impaired neurodevelopment and adverse mental health outcomes. Dietary components modulate inflammatory status. In recent years, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII^®), a literature-derived …

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The Inflammatory Potential Of Diet In Determining Cancer Risk; A Prospective Investigation Of Two Dietary Pattern Scores, Stina Bodén, Robin Myte, Maria Wennberg, Sophia Harlid, Ingegerd Johansson, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Bethany Van Guelpen, Lena Maria Nilsson

Faculty Publications

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Purpose Inflammation-related mechanisms may contribute to the link between diet and cancer. We sought to investigate the inflammatory impact of diet on cancer risk using the Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and an adapted Mediterranean diet score (MDS).

Methods This population-based, prospective cohort study used self-reported dietary data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, including 100,881 participants, of whom 35,393 had repeated measures. Associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also used restricted cubic splines to test for potential non-linear associations.

Results A total of 9,250 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during a median …

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Virus-Specific Memory T Cells Populate Tumors And Can Be Repurposed For Tumor Immunotherapy, Pamela C. Rosato, Sathi Wijeyesinghe, J Michael Stolley, Christine E. Nelson, Rachel Davis, Luke S. Manlove, Christopher A. Pennell, Bruce R. Blazar, Clark C. Chen, Melissa A. Geller, Vaiva Vezys, David Masopust

Faculty Publications

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The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limits the success of current immunotherapies. The host retains memory T cells specific for previous infections throughout the entire body that are capable of executing potent and immediate immunostimulatory functions. Here we show that virus-specific memory T cells extend their surveillance to mouse and human tumors. Reactivating these antiviral T cells can arrest growth of checkpoint blockade-resistant and poorly immunogenic tumors in mice after injecting adjuvant-free non-replicating viral peptides into tumors. Peptide mimics a viral reinfection event to memory CD8+ T cells, triggering antigen presentation and cytotoxic pathways within the tumor, activating dendritic cells and natural …

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Oncology Nurses' Obstacles And Supportive Behaviors In End-Of-Life Care: Providing Vital Family Care, Renea L. Beckstrand, Joan Collette, Lynn Callister, Karlen E. (Beth) Luthy

Faculty Publications

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Purpose/Objectives: To determine the impact of obstacles and supportive behaviors in end-of-life (EOL) care as perceived by hospital-based oncology nurses.

Design: A 69-item mailed survey.

Setting: National random sample.

Sample: 1,005 nurse members of the Oncology Nursing Society who had provided EOL care for patients with cancer.

Methods: Three mailings yielded 380 usable responses from 912 eligible respondents, resulting in a 42% return rate.

Main Research Variables: Size and frequency of EOL care obstacles and supportive behaviors for patients with cancer in a hospital setting.

Findings: Results of this research demonstrate the need for more EOL education and help in …

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Groundwater Uranium And Cancer Incidence In South Carolina, Sara E. Wagner, James B. Burch, Matteo Bottai, Robin C. Puett, Dwayne E. Porter, Susan Bolick-Aldrich, Tom Temples, Rebecca C. Wilkerson, John E. Vena, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

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Objective

This ecologic study tested the hypothesis that census tracts with elevated groundwater uranium and more frequent groundwater use have increased cancer incidence.

Methods

Data sources included: incident total, leukemia, prostate, breast, colorectal, lung, kidney, and bladder cancers (1996–2005, SC Central Cancer Registry); demographic and groundwater use (1990 US Census); and groundwater uranium concentrations (n = 4,600, from existing federal and state databases). Kriging was used to predict average uranium concentrations within tracts. The relationship between uranium and standardized cancer incidence ratios was modeled among tracts with substantial groundwater use via linear or semiparametric regression, with and without stratification …

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Metabolic Syndrome And Risk Of Death From Cancers Of The Digestive System, Charles E. Matthews, Xuemei Sui, Michael J. Lamonte, Swann A. Adams, James R. Hébert, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

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We tested the hypothesis that risk of early mortality from cancers of the digestive system will be greater in men with, compared to men without, the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants were 33,230 men who were seen at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas and followed for 14.4 (SD=7.0) yrs. MetS was defined as having at least three of the following risk factors: abdominal obesity, fasting hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, or high fasting glucose level or diabetes. MetS was associated with higher mortality (HR=1.90 [95% Confidence Interval=1.42-2.55]), and there was a graded positive association for the addition …

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Digestive Cancer Mortality: Findings From The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (Acls), J. Brent Peel, Xuemei Sui, Charles E. Matthews, Swann Arp Adams, James R. Hébert, James W. Hardin, Timothy S. Church, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

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Although higher levels of physical activity are inversely associated with risk of colon cancer, few prospective studies have evaluated overall digestive system cancer mortality in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The authors examined this association among 38,801 men aged 20−88 years and who performed a maximal treadmill exercise test at baseline in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (Dallas, Texas) during 1974−2003. Mortality was assessed over 29 years of follow-up (1974−2003). 283 digestive system cancer deaths occurred during a mean 17-year of observation. Age-adjusted mortality rates per 10,000 person-yrs according to low, moderate, and high CRF groups were 6.8, 4.0, and …

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Oncology Nurses’ Perceptions Of Obstacles And Supportive Behaviors In End-Of-Life Care, Renea L. Beckstrand, A. Elaine Bond, Lynn Clark Callister, Josie Moore

Faculty Publications

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Cancer accounts for one in four deaths in the United States. Oncology nurses care for dying patients on a daily basis. Research on specific obstacles that impede and supportive behaviors that help the delivery of end-of-life (EOL) care is limited.

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Breast Cancer Fatalism: The Role Of Women's Perceptions Of The Health Care System, Allyson G. Hall, Amal J. Khoury, Ellen D.S. Lopez, Nedra Lisovicz, Amanda Avis-Williams, Amal K. Mitra

Faculty Publications

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Cancer fatalism, which can be understood as the belief that cancer is a death sentence, has been found to be a deterrent to preventive cancer screening participation. This study examines factors associated with breast cancer fatalism among women. We analyzed data from a 2003 survey of women 40 years of age. The survey collected information about respondents' knowledge and attitudes regarding breast health. Analyses compared the characteristics of women who reported and those who did not report a fatalistic attitude. Women with a fatalistic attitude were more likely to be African American, to have a family history of breast cancer, …

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Improved Cancer Care Through Increased Basic Cancer Education, Patricia Rushton, Lillian Nail, Sherry Brown

Faculty Publications

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Literature shows that nursing care in rural communities improves when the nurse has increased knowledge through continuing education. Specific oncology studies in areas of stress, pain assessment and documentation, and death and dying.(Hedman-1990,Camp-Sorrell-1991,Foglesong-1987,Webber-1991) demonstrate similar results. It is reasonable that continuing education in areas of the cancer process, standard therapies, and methods of symptom control would improve patient care. This project allowed nurses who had limited access to cancer education in rural areas of Utah to receive basic cancer education. The subjects of this education included: 1) the cancer process, 2) chemotherapy, 3)radiation therapy, 4) the use and care of …

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Patient And Care Giver Perceptions Of Cancer Pain Control, Patricia Rushton, Sherry Brown

Faculty Publications

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PURPOSE: This study measured the perceptions of Utah cancer patients and cargivers concerning knowledge about and adequacy of pharmacologic cancer pain control. METHODS: A descriptive survey was used. Questionnaires were sent to cancer patients and caregivers surveying their knowledge about and perceptions of the adequacy of pharmacologic cancer pain control. RESULTS: The study had a 52% response rate (259 of 500). Eighty five percent (219 of 259) of the respondents stated they had no cancer pain. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Cancer literature indicated that much cancer pain is not effectively controlled. The majority of the respondents of this study reported no pain. …

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Autopsy In The Cancer Patient: The Nurse's Role, Patricia Rushton

Faculty Publications

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Nurses spend many hours with dying cancer patients, developing close relationships with both the patients and their families. However, nurses are frequently not involved in the process of requesting an autopsy, either by choice or tradition. During this time of great stress, the nurse can be more involved. The nurse who understands the reasons for autopsy and its ramification for the grieving process can be actively involved in supporting the physician who makes the request and the family members who must make the this difficult decision. It is possible that the nurse can be the health team member designated to …

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