Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Molecular Serotype-Specific Identification Of Non-Type B Haemophilus Influenzae By Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, Chika Takano, Yoko Kuramochi, Mitsuko Seki, Dong Wook Kim, Daisuke Omagari, Mari Sasano, Bin Chang, Makoto Ohnishi, Eun Jin Kim, Kazumasa Fuwa, Paul E. Kilgore, Tomonori Hoshino, Satoshi Hayakawa

Department of Pharmacy Practice

In children, the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis has decreased since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7 and PCV13). However, since the introduction of the vaccine, developed countries have seen the emergence of non-PCV13 serotypes. However, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by PCV13-targeted serotypes still represents an important public health problem in resource-limited countries. To develop a rapid, simple, and cost-effective assay to detect serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, we developed a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the sequences available for the 13 capsular types that are included in PCV13: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 A, 6B, …

An In-Depth Review Of Retinitis Pigmentosa Development And Pathologies Overtime In Patients, Abdul Harris

Honors College Theses

Retinitis Pigmentosa is a disease which can cause blindness and affects around 2.5 million people worldwide. It is a disorder that has a multitude of ways of being inherited, such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive as well as X-linked and mitochondrial linked disorder. While some versions of RP may be syndromic (20%-30%), a majority of cases are in fact non-syndromic. The majority of non-syndromic cases inherited via autosomal dominant RP having RHO gene mutations, and X-linked means of inheritance having majority of patients with RPGR gene mutations. Ushers Syndrome, a syndromic version of retinitis pigmentosa and autosomal recessive RP having …

Finding Latent Groups In Observed Data: A Primer On Latent Profile Analysis In Mplus For Applied Researchers, Sarah L. Ferguson, E. Whitney G. Moore, Darrell M. Hull

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The present guide provides a practical guide to conducting latent profile analysis (LPA) in the Mplus software system. This guide is intended for researchers familiar with some latent variable modeling but not LPA specifically. A general procedure for conducting LPA is provided in six steps: (a) data inspection, (b) iterative evaluation of models, (c) model fit and interpretability, (d) investigation of patterns of profiles in a retained model, (e) covariate analysis, and (f) presentation of results. A worked example is provided with syntax and results to exemplify the steps.

Summary Of The International Patient Safety Conference, June 28-29, 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal, Deepak C. Bajracharya, Kshitij Karki, Chhiring Yangjen Lama, Rajesh Dhoj Joshi, Shankar Man Rai, Sudhakar Jayaram, Amit Tomer, John Zervos, Mohammad Imran Khan, Arjun Sapkota, Madan Kumar Upadhyaya, Paul E. Kilgore

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Globally, medical errors are associated with an estimated $42 billion in costs to healthcare systems. A variety of errors in the delivery of healthcare have been identified by the World Health Organization and it is believed that about 50% of all errors are preventable. Initiatives to improve patient safety are now garnering increased attention across a range of countries in all regions of the world. From June 28--29, 2019, the first International Patient Safety Conference (IPSC) was held in Kathmandu, Nepal and attended by over 200 healthcare professionals as well as hospital, government, and non-governmental organization leaders. During the conference, …

Managing A Conflict-Related, Open Fracture With Drug-Resistant Infections: The Case Of A Wounded Syrian Refugee In The Hashemite Kingdom Of Jordan, Alex Green

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Uruc V, Ozden R, Duman IG, Dogramaci Y, Yengil E, Karapinar S, Karakus A, Kalaci A. Major musculoskeletal injuries and applied treatments in the current conflicts in Syria. Acta Medica Mediterranea. 2014;30(3):637-644.

Surgical Stabilization Of Traumatic Flail Chest Is Superior To Conservative Management, Monique J. Cheng

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Marasco SF, Davies AR, Cooper J, et al. Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Operative Rib Fixation in Traumatic Flail Chest. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2013;216(5):924-932. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.12.024.

A Community-Based Survey To Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs And Practices Regarding Herpes Zoster In An Urban Setting, Nour A. Baalbaki, Joseph P. Fava, Melanie Ng, Ezinwanne Okorafor, Asad Nawaz, Wesley Chiu, Abdulbaset Salim, Raymond Cha, Paul E. Kilgore

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Introduction: In the USA, nearly one in three people will experience herpes zoster (HZ) in their lifetime. Underserved communities may be at even higher risk due to several factors, including access to healthcare, education, and co-morbid conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate current knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices (KABP) relative to HZ and HZ vaccines in a large urban city.

Methods: A cross-sectional KABP survey was conducted via in-person interview among 381 participants aged ≥ 50 years in Detroit, MI, USA, from June to August 2018. Survey results were stratified into two groups [< 60 and ≥ 60 years of age (YO)] for comparison.

Results: Of the …

Fondaparinux Is An Effective Alternative To Other Non-Heparin Anticoagulants In The Treatment Of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, Allan J. Brazier Jr.

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Kang M, Alahmadi M, Sawh S, Kovacs MJ, Lazo-Langner A. Fondaparinux for the treatment of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a propensity score-matched study. Blood. 2014;125(6):924-929. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-599498.

Amantadine Minimally Improves Arousal In Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Michelle Eventov

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Giacino JT, Whyte J, Bagiella E, et al. Placebo-Controlled Trial of Amantadine for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012;366(9):819-826. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1102609.

Reflection: Reducing Long-Term Mortality In Suicidal Adolescents, Nina R. Bihani

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A transformative method to reducing mortality in suicidal adolescents involves a novel approach of educating and empowering their loved ones.

Reduced Doses Of Direct Oral Anticoagulation Are Safe In Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Mild Thrombocytopenia, Matthew Gross

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Janion-Sadowska A, Papuga-Szela E, Łukaszuk R, et al. Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Thrombocytopenia. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 2018;72(3):153-160. doi: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000607

Nsaid Use Increases Risk Of Miscarriage In Early Pregnancy, Leigh Durudogan

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Li D, Ferber J, Odouli R, Quesenberry C. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Am J Ob Gyn. 2018; 219(3): 275.e1–275.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.06.002.

Fecal Microbiota Therapy In Recurrent And Refractory Clostridium Difficile Infections Has Been Associated With Positive Results In Immunocompromised Patients, Eric Applebach

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Kelly CR, Ihunnah C, Fischer M, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection in immunocompromised patients. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2014;109(7):1065-71. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.133

Intravenous Iodinated Contrast Is Not Associated With Acute Kidney Injury In Adult Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome, Andrew Bacyinski

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Tao SM, Kong X, Schoepf UJ, et al. Acute kidney injury in patients with nephrotic syndrome undergoing contrast-enhanced CT for suspected venous thromboembolism: a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study. European Radiology. 2018;28(4):1585-1593. doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-5109-0

Carvedilol Is Not Superior To Metoprolol For Heart Failure Patients When Given At Equivalent Doses, Adam Gorman

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Lazarus DL, Jackevicius CA, Behlouli H, et al. Population-Based Analysis of Class Effect of β Blockers in Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 2011;107(8):1196-1202. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.12.017.

Weighing Harms, Benefits, And Alternatives For A Young Man With A Recent Flare Of Ulcerative Colitis, Louise B. Welsh

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Sandborn WJ, Su C, Sands B, et al. Tofacitinib as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 4;376(18):1723-1736. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606910

Thrombosis Prevention In Atrial Fibrillation With Concomitant Cirrhosis: Oral Anticoagulation May Not Be Worth The Risks, Madeline Berschback

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Kuo L, Chao TF, Liu CJ, et al. Liver cirrhosis in patients with atrial fibrillation: Would oral anticoagulation have a net clinical benefit for stroke prevention? J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(6):e005307. doi: 10.1161/jaha.116.005307

Andexanet Alfa Is An Effective Reversal Agent For Factor Xa Inhibitors In Patients That Develop Intracranial Hemorrhage, Joseph Friedli

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Connolly SJ, Milling TJ, Eikelboom JW, et al. Andexanet alfa for acute major bleeding associated with factor Xa inhibitors. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(12):1131-1141. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607887.

High-Dose Finasteride Is An Effective Treatment Modality For Androgenic Alopecia In Postmenopausal Women, Joshua T. Gaudette

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Oliveira-Soares R, Silva JE, Correia M, André M. Finasteride 5 mg/day treatment of patterned hair loss in normo-androgenetic postmenopausal women. International Journal of Trichology. 2013;5(1):22-25. doi: 10.4103/0974-7753.114709.

Cannabidiol Is Beneficial In Management Of Drug-Resistant Dravet Syndrome, Nikita Desai

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Devinsky O, Cross H, Laux L, et al. Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(21):2011-2020. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1611618.

Agenesis Of The Corpus Callosum Is Associated With Developmental Delay And Intellectual Disability, Quinton J. Mandle

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Romaniello R, Marelli S, Giorda R, et al. Clinical characterization, genetics, and long-term follow-up of a large cohort of patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Journal of Child Neurology, 2016;32(1):60-71. doi: 10.1177/0883073816664668.

Ranolazine Decreases Weekly Anginal Episodes In Patients With Chronic Stable Angina And Type 2 Diabetes, Hisham Kaddurah

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

The author reflects on the meaningful difference between statistical and clinical significance.

Tevar Should Be Considered In Select Patients With Uncomplicated Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection, Mordechai G. Sadowsky

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Nienaber CA, Kische S, Rousseau H, et al. Endovascular repair of type B aortic dissection: long-term results of the randomized investigation of stent grafts in aortic dissection trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2013;6(4):407-16. doi: 10.1161/circinterventions.113.000463.

The Relationship Of Motivational Climates, Mindsets, And Goal Orientations To Grit In Male Adolescent Soccer Players, Erin Albert, Trent A. Petrie, E. Whitney G. Moore

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Across a variety of domains, such as in academics and in the military, grit is a significant predictor of performance, even after controlling for dimensions of innate ability. However, little is known about how grit develops or the psychosocial factors that may contribute to its presence (i.e. motivational climates, mindsets, and goal orientations). Although sport is a natural context in which to examine grit, both as a predictor and an outcome, few studies have done so. Thus, within the framework of achievement motivation theory, we examined the relationships of the perceived motivational climate created by coaches (task-involving vs. ego-involving), athletes’ …

The Modifiability Of Risk Factors Associated With Adolescent Suicide And Its Preventions, Nastaeen Tajin

Honors College Theses

Adolescent suicide has been of major concern in the past few decades, with the rates steadily increasing every year. Suicide can be defined as the act of intentionally taking one’s life. Adolescent refers to children between the age of 13 and 19, although the term will be used interchangeably with ‘teen’ throughout this paper. The purpose of this study had been to identify the risk factors of suicide associated with children of this age range, and propose preventative measures based on the modifiability of these risk factors. In order to achieve this, the two search catalogs utilized were the Wayne …

Xerostomia: A Comprehensive Review, Danevin Putrus

Honors College Theses

This thesis will be highlighting the condition known as Xerostomia. Xerostomia is the condition also known as “dry mouth”. This condition affects many people all throughout the world with symptoms causing bad breath, discomfort, difficulty speaking and many other. The seriousness of this condition can lead to cardiovascular disease, dementia, respiratory infections, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and even cancer (Absolutedental.com). Currently there is not any one specific solution for the condition although many have been proposed. Throughout the thesis I will closely examine former research studies, current solutions proposed, and propose my own study and solution based on research and …

An Investigation Of Glycolysis, Metabolic Acidosis, And Lactate’S Role In Cellular Respiration, Edward L. Kerr Iii

Honors College Theses

Distance runners and coaches, when discussing fatigue and soreness after a competition and intense training, typically blame lactic acid. Most often the origins of these beliefs have been handed down to the coach or athlete by their coach, who heard it from their coach, and so on. In that respect, the notion that lactic acid was the cause of the aftereffects of intense physical activity was accurate, based on the knowledge available when the theories were created in 1922 by Meyerhoff and Hill who won the Nobel Prize for their discoveries. However, over the last century, advancements in research have …

The Controversy Of Sexual Violence In The University Setting: Are College Athletes Given A Lighter Sentence Due To Their “Status”, Emma Weber

Honors College Theses

The following paper investigates sexual violence on university campuses. It discusses the role of the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 along with a Dear Colleague Letter enacted by the United States’ federal government to all public institutions regarding how to respond when complaints and allegations of sexual violence are made. The paper addresses the statistics and common misconceptions surrounding sexual violence on college campuses before focusing specifically on student-athletes’ involvement in sexually violent crimes. It then looks into three highly publicized cases where student-athletes are the alleged perpetrators of sexual violence. The three cases analyzed are: the …

Strategies To Increase Athletes' Transformational Leadership Behaviors During Strength And Conditioning Sessions, Valerie Smith, E. Whitney G. Moore

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Often, leadership is presumed to naturally result from athletic experiences. However, leadership behaviors require practice. Strength and conditioning coaches (SCCs) can provide opportunities for all athletes to practice transformational leadership behaviors, which can increase team cohesion and performance. This article reviews athlete leadership, including leadership roles and four transformational leadership behaviors (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation). Then, daily strategies SCCs can incorporate into training to foster athletes’ transformational leadership are presented. Followed by strategies for larger, rotating leadership experiences. These strategies can work with athletes across age, gender, and competitive level.

Increasing Collegiate Strength And Conditioning Coaches' Communication Of Training Performance And Process Goals With Athlete, E. Whitney G. Moore, Alessandro Quartiroli, Rebecca Zakrajsek, Morgan Eckenrod

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this paper is to present information about goal setting and how strength and conditioning coaches (SCCs) can incorporate goal setting strategies in their training of athletes. This paper presents an overview of outcome, performance, and process goals, and the SMAART framework. Strategies a SCC can utilize are presented to illustrate how to increase the effectiveness of the performance and process goals that informed the program periodization and feedback provided by the SCC. This paper aims to start bridging the gap between SCCs familiarity with goal setting and incorporation of this mental strategy into their communication with athletes …