Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Diabetic Kidney Disease, Karen R. Hughes Dr

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A poster project on Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) formerly known as diabetic nephropathy which is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and death in patient with diabetes.

Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency: Implications In Anesthesia, Amanda Esselstein

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Pseudocholinesterase is an enzyme produced in the liver that metabolizes neuromuscular blocking agents, particularly succinylcholine. A deficiency in pseudocholinesterase is typically caused by either a homozygous or heterozygous abnormal genetic variant of the enzyme which leads to a prolonged neuromuscular block and therefore muscle paralysis. It is vital for anesthesia providers to know the mechanism of action and duration of succinylcholine, as well as appropriate assessment and treatment if a pseucholinesterase deficiency is suspected. There is no treatment for a pseudocholinesterase deficiency of a genetic origin, however supportive care, particularly ventilator support, must be provided until the medication has been …

Essential Hypertension In Adults, Elizabeth Oti

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The author chose to write about hypertension because she takes care of patients and family members with hypertension on a frequent basis, and is likely to face the challenge of managing patients with hypertension (HTN) in her future role as a nurse practitioner due to the high prevalence of HTN among men and women.

Ischemic Strokes, Jada Adams

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the third leading cause of death in the United States (Mvundura, McGruder, Khoury, Valdez, & Yoon, 2011). Ischemic strokes make up about 86% of the strokes that occur, (Patel, & White, 2011) hemorrhagic and cryptogenic strokes make up for the other 15%. The topic that is covered in this poster is ischemic stroke. The biggest way to alter the amount of strokes that happen are to prevent them. More and more risk factors are being found that contribute to strokes. Once the inflammatory and immune response begins once triggered by hypoxia it cannot be …

The Pathophysiology Of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency And Copd, Melissa M. Miller

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the number one disease process treated in the Pulmonary Department at the Chalmers P. Wylie VA Ambulatory Care Center (VAACC). The medical staff includes doctors, nurses, and respiratory therapists. The team works together to ensure the veteran gets the best care available. Smoking is very popular in the military, and this puts veterans at a higher risk for COPD, compared to the general public. COPD can develop at a much younger age if the patient has alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). Janciauskiene, Ferrotti, Laenger, Jonigk, and Luisetti (2011) point out that patients who develop COPD …

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Jennifer L. Mullins

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease implicated in the premature onset of cardiovascular disease. SLE`s chronic activation of the immune system leads to inflammation, obstruction and vascular damage. The damage is most pronounced in SLE patients with a sedentary lifestyle and early onset of the disease. Understanding the pathogenesis, signs and symptoms of how SLE affects the cardiovascular system is important. Nurse practitioners play a vital role in the implementation of strategies to manage care and improve outcomes.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Jennifer L. Mullins

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease implicated in the premature onset of cardiovascular disease. SLE`s chronic activation of the immune system leads to inflammation, obstruction and vascular damage. The damage is most pronounced in SLE patients with a sedentary lifestyle and early onset of the disease. Understanding the pathogenesis, signs and symptoms of how SLE affects the cardiovascular system is important. Nurse practitioners play a vital role in the implementation of strategies to manage care and improve outcomes.

Myocardial Infarction In Women Versus Men, Anna Day

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

As a future advance practice nurse (APN), it is important to recognize the symptoms of myocardial infarction (MI) and provide prompt treatment to patients to reduce morbidity and mortality. The worldwide leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2008, coronary heart disease (CHD) was the cause of 7.3 million deaths, while cerebrovascular disease was responsible for 6.2 million deaths. Since cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for women, it is imperative for the medical community to identify risk factors and seek an increased awareness of gender differences (Worrall-Carter et al., 2011). After myocardial infarction, 23% of …

Malignant Hyperthermia, Taylor M. Morriss

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Complications related to the anesthetic process are multifaceted and abundant. As a future nurse anesthesia student, the underlying pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of anesthesia-related complications are of particular interest. One such anesthesia-induced life-threatening metabolic process involves the hypermetabolism of skeletal muscle. This pharmacogenetic process, known as malignant hyperthermia (MH), has a variable incidence rate ranging from 1:10,000 to 1: 250,000 anesthetic cases. However, the prevalence of the genetic abnormalities may be as great as one in 400 individuals (Rosenberg, Pollock, Schiemann, Bulger, & Stowell, 2015, p. 1). “Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, but life-threatening, autosomal-dominant inherited disorder that may …

Pathophysiology-Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Douglas M. Klein

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster examines recent research into genetic associations and emergent theories concerning the pathogenesis of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction, Miranda Shull

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A poster project about Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction.

Human Papilloma Virus-Related Cervical Dysplasia, Shaylyn D. Webster

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Among sexually active men and women, the human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. With more than 200 different genotypes of HPV known, there are more than 500,000 cases each year in the United States alone (Lowy, 2016). The virus is associated with nearly all cervical cancers, anal cancers, vaginal cancers, penile cancers, and head and neck cancers (Jorge & Wright, 2016). In women, the virus is capable of causing slow cellular changes on the cervix, and this dysplasia is graded based on severity (Jorge & Wright, 2016).

The statistics related to the prevalence …

Rhabdomyolysis- Diagnosis And Treatment, Ngonidzashe Chifamba

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Rhabdomyolysis is the dissolution of skeletal muscle caused by injury to skeletal muscle. It is a direct result of leakage of toxic cellular content into the blood stream. The most common cause of rhabdomyolysis is drug use, trauma, immobility, medicines and intense muscular exercise. The classic triad of rhabdomyolysis symptoms comprises the following symptoms; myalgias, generalized weakness and darkened urine. Pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis involves an increase in free ionized calcium and sodium which draws water into the cell and disrupts the integrity of the intracellular milieu. Rhabdomyolysis can be life-threatening and disabling, having a clinician who knows how the syndrome …

Deep Vein Thrombosis (Dvt), Sara E. Sipes

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common medical problem that affects 200,000-400,000 people in the United States each year (Anthony, 2013, p. 95). Nurses must be aware of the potential for DVT risk from pediatric to geriatric populations. The risk of DVT is associated with venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability (McNamara, 2014). These risks occur in both healthy people and those with disease states. The development of a DVT may lead to a life-threatening pulmonary embolism (PE). Understanding the pathophysiology of DVT formation can help nurses assess risk and assist in prevention. Early diagnosis of a DVT is important …

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Caused By A Ruptured Aneurysm, Stephanie L. Carroll Mrs.

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Poster project on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage caused by a Ruptured Aneurysm.

Zika Virus, Nurto A. Abdulla

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Zika virus infection, a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes febrile illness associated with rash, has been rapidly emerging in the Western Hemisphere over the past few months. The virus was rarely identified until outbreaks occurred on Yap Island in the Federated States of Micronesia in 2007, Fresh Polynesia in 2013, and Easter Island in 2014 (Chen & Hamer, 2016). The virus was initially detected in Brazil in 2015, in the northeast, and was subsequently identified in other states and several South American countries, including Colombia, Ecuador, Suriname, Venezuela, French Guyana, and Paraguay. Local transmission has been documented in Central America in …

Pneumothorax Resulting From Costal Osteochondroma, Erin L. Jeffrey

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Osteochondromas are the most common neoplasm of the bone. Two percent of these tumors grow in the chest wall, and can cause severe complications such as pneumothorax. Costal exostoses can cause traumatic pneumothorax through puncture, laceration, or friction from chest wall movement during breathing (Kameda et al., 2016; Imai et al., 2014). The consequent change in intrapleural pressure and possible lung collapse is an urgent medical situation (ENA, 2014) that the advanced practice nurse should diagnose and treat quickly. This poster serves to summarize the pathophysiology of penumothorax caused by osteochondroma.

Colstridium Difficile Colitis, Katie Bloomfield

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Colstridium Difficile Colitis incidence is continuing to increase and more difficult to treat due to increased resistance to antibiotics. This poster provides information on the pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, and nursing implications to decrease the spread.

Type 1 Hepatorenal Syndrome, Ernest Evans

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome is kidney failure that occurs in advanced cirrhosis (Fagundes & Ginès, 2012). It is characterized by a, “significant reduction in creatinine clearance within 1-2 weeks of presentation” (Bacon, 2015). Patients that develop this condition have a median survival rate of one month (Dameron, 2011). Vasodilation leads to decreased perfusion to the kidneys and thus kidney injury (Boyer et al., 2011). Liver transplantation is the best treatment for hepatorenal syndrome (Fagundes & Ginès, 2012). Common causes of cirrhosis are hepatitis C infection, alcohol consumption, and fatty liver disease (Warner, Cuthbert, Bhore, & Rockey, 2011). Regardless of the …

Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Congenital Heart Disease, Sara M. Rinehart

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This academic poster discusses pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. This poster is based off research and uses information collected from other articles. Within this academic poster pathophysiology changes that occur within the heart and lungs is discussed, the nurses role with pulmonary hypertension, the significance of the pathophysiology, and important signs and symptoms associated with this disease.

Type 1 Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation: The Most Common Lung Lesion In Newborns., Delilah Penn

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A poster project on Type 1 Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation: The most common lung lesion in newborns.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis In Children, Jessica Desalvo

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Poster project on Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) which is a chronic immune-mediated disease resulting in inflammation of the esophagus.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: The Pathophysiology Of Broken Heart Syndrome, Mason Murrey

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

First identified in 1992 in Japan, Takotsubu Cardiomyopathy is a stress-induced cardiomyopathy that presents identically to ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). Termed Broken Heart Syndrome for its correlation to stressful events such as the loss of a spouse or family member, Takotsubo is a complex phenomenon in the world of cardiac care. Over-saturation of endogenous catecholamines is the most popular explanation for this clinical condition, but other explanations such as parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction and coronary artery vasospasm are also revealing themselves as causative factors.

Malignant Hyperthermia, Leonid Levertov

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Providing patient care in the operating room as a nurse anesthetist is rewarding and challenging. There is a paramount level of responsibility that lies on certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA). Recognition of serious life threatening conditions by CRNA must be prompt and treated urgently. As a student registered nurse anesthetist and future CRNA, knowing how to recognize and treat developed emergency conditions while patient is under anesthesia or recovering from anesthesia is an absolute requirement. Malignant hyperthermia (MH), is a rare autosomal dominant hypermetabolic life threatening disorder of skeletal muscle. Malignant hyperthermia is caused by volatile anesthetics (desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane) …

Chronic Bronchitis, Dhwani Chotalia

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Overall incidence of chronic bronchitis is increasing in the community. Long-term side effects negatively affect quality of life of patients. This poster presentation attempts to provide more details on chronic bronchitis. Extensive details on the pathophysiology, signs & symptoms, nursing implications are provided to help the reader understand the disease process, management and prevention strategies of chronic bronchitis.

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis, Jennifer C. Lyons

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A deeper dive into Cerebral Venous Thrombosis including, pathological process, risk factors, signs and symptoms, how to diagnose, treatment, nursing implications and a case study.

Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia And Increased Risk For Sepsis, Megan E. Moore-Weber

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Available treatment options for patients diagnosed with cancer include surgery, the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities. Chemotherapeutic agents utilized to treat cancer have a variety of potential side effects. One of the most common and well known side effects associated with the administration of chemotherapeutic agents is neutropenia. Neutropenia places oncology patients at an increased risk of contracting infections which may lead to a life threatening complication known as sepsis. Sepsis is an extremely dangerous oncologic emergency requiring prompt medical treatment. Failure to recognize symptoms associated with sepsis in the neutropenic patient and …

Urinary Tract Infection, Amanda Weilbacher

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection that affects numerous men and women throughout their lives. UTI is an inflammation of the urinary epithelium often caused by bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract or vaginal colonization when uropathogens adhere to uroepithelial cells and travel up the urethra. UTI is the second most common infection in the use of antimicrobial treatment in primary and secondary care setting. The prominence of UTIs and the increased antimicrobial resistance in the population has created a need for further knowledge of UTI pathology and its prevention in primary care settings. Research on the identification …

Aortic Stenosis, Cody Houseman

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A recent influx of patients undergoing the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure sparked interest in the pathophysiologic process of Aortic Stenosis (AS), especially in the geriatric population. AS is mostly asymptomatic until later stages of the disease, which delays treatment and intervention leading to poor outcomes and prognosis, especially for those who are not surgical candidates. The TAVR procedure has allowed patients who are otherwise not candidates for open heart surgery undergo valve replacement in a low risk fashion, prolonging life and improving quality of life. AS causes an increase in afterload, decreasing outflow of blood from the left …

The Pathophysiology Of Heart Failure, Amber C. Tieu

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

The purpose of this presentation was to discuss the pathophysiology of heart failure. Topics covered included disease prevalence and common signs and symptoms. The pathophysiology of heart failure is further discussed identifying how heart failure is classified and how each compensatory mechanism of heart failure leads to further disease progression. Implications for nursing care are discussed including goals of treatment, medication regimens, and patient education on disease management.