Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Diaphragm And Lubricant Gel For Prevention Of Hiv Acquisition In Southern African Women: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Nancy Padian, Ariane Van Der Straten, Gita Ramjee, Tsungai Chipato, Guy De Bruyn, Kelly Blanchard, Stephen Shiboski, Elizabeth Montgomery, Heidi Fancher, Helen Cheng, Michael Rosenblum, Mark Van Der Laan, Nicholas Jewell, James Mcintyre

Michael Rosenblum MD

Background Female-controlled methods of HIV prevention are urgently needed. We assessed the effect of provision of latex diaphragm, lubricant gel, and condoms (intervention), compared with condoms alone (control) on HIV seroincidence in women in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Methods We did an open-label, randomised controlled trial in HIV-negative, sexually active women recruited from clinics and community-based organisations, who were followed up quarterly for 12—24 months (median 21 months). All participants received an HIV prevention package consisting of pre-test and post-test counselling about HIV and sexually transmitted infections, testing, treatment of curable sexually transmitted infections, and intensive risk-reduction counselling. The ...

Outcomes Of Care By Hospitalists, General Internists, And Family Physicians, Peter Lindenauer, Michael Rothberg, Penelope Pekow, Christopher Kenwood, Evan Benjamin, Andrew Auerbach

Evan Benjamin MD

Background: The hospitalist model is rapidly altering the landscape for inpatient care in the United States, yet evidence about the clinical and economic outcomes of care by hospitalists is derived from a small number of single-hospital studies examining the practices of a few physicians.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 76,926 patients 18 years of age or older who were hospitalized between September 2002 and June 2005 for pneumonia, heart failure, chest pain, ischemic stroke, urinary tract infection, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute myocardial infarction at 45 hospitals throughout the United States. We ...

Canine Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumour: Diagnosis And Prognosis, Shelley Newman, L Mrkonjich, K Walker, Barton Rohrbach

Shelley Newman

The aim of this study was to characterize the pathology and clinical outcome of the subcutaneous variant of canine mast cell tumour. Fifty-three cases satisfying the inclusion criteria were selected from the pathology archive of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee. Referring veterinarians provided information on outcome. These dogs had a median age of 9 years (range 3-17 years). After characterizing tumours histologically, nuclear expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 (MIB-1 clone) was determined immunohistochemically and mast cell origin was confirmed with c-Kit staining. Counts of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) were determined by silver ...

Effects Of L-Asparaginase On Plasma Amino Acid Profiles And Tumor Burden In Cats With Lymphoma, Amy Leblanc, Sherry Cox, Claudia Kirk, Shelley Newman, Joe Bartges, Alfred Legendre

Shelley Newman

BACKGROUND: L-Asparaginase (Elspar(a)), is an Escherichia coli-derived enzyme that depletes lymphoma cells of asparagine, inhibiting protein synthesis and resulting in cell death. The single agent response rate in cats with lymphoma and impact of L-asparaginase on plasma amino acid concentrations is unknown. HYPOTHESES: L-Asparaginase significantly reduces plasma asparagine concentrations and has demonstrable efficacy against untreated lymphoma in cats. ANIMALS: Thirteen cats with confirmed lymphoma (LSA) of any anatomic site were given 1 dose 400 IU/kg IM) of L-asparaginase for initial LSA treatment. METHODS: Plasma collected at 0, 2, and 7 days after L-asparaginase therapy was assayed for ammonia ...

Use Of Xylazine/Ketamine Or Medetomidine Combined With Either Ketamine, Ketamine/Butorphanol, Or Ketamine/Telazol For Immobilization Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Lisa Muller, David Osborn, Edward Ramsay, Thomas Doherty, Brad Miller, Robert Warren, Karl Miller

Lisa I Muller

We immobilized 18 captive, adult, female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with a combination of either 1) xylazine/ketamine (XK; 1.6+0.1 mg kg 1 xylazine and 7.8+0.3 mg kg 1 ketamine antagonized with 2.1+0.1 mg kg 1 tolazoline), 2) Medetomidine/Ketamine (MK; 0.075+0.01 mg kg 1 medetomidine and 2.1+0.2 mg kg 1 ketamine antagonized with 0.37+0.0 mg kg 1 atipamezole), 3) Medetomidine/Ketamine/Butorphanol (MKB; 0.072+0.01 mg kg 1 medetomidine, 2.1+0.2 mg kg 1 ketamine and 0 ...

Retained Placenta, Hugo Eiler, Kellie Fecteau

Kellie Fecteau

No abstract provided.

Avian Vision: A Review Of Form And Function With Special Consideration To Birds Of Prey, Michael Jones, Kenneth Pierce, Daniel Ward

Daniel A. Ward

More so than any other terrestrial vertebrate, birds rely most heavily on their ability to assess their visual environment. High visual acuity is not only necessary to find and acquire food, but also to navigate surroundings, to identify conspecifics and potential mates, and to quickly identify and escape from predators. This article aims to help the reader understand how birds, particularly birds of prey, see by reviewing pertinent anatomy and physiology of the eye, color vision, visual fields, visual acuity, accommodation, and flicker-fusion frequency. For more information on specific disease conditions of the avian eye, the reader is encouraged to ...

"What Is Your Diagnosis? Right Acetabular Fractures With Ischiatic Nerve Damage In A Northern Goshawk", J Drake, Federica Morandi, Michael Jones

Federica Morandi

No abstract provided.

Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Prostate Cancer Pc3 Cell Migration Via Activation Of Lpa(1), P42 And P38alpha, F Hao, M Tan, Xuemin Xu, J Han, Dd Miller, G Tigyi, Mei-Zhen Cui

Mei-Zhen Cui

Prostate cancer cell migration is an essential event both in the progression of prostate cancer and in the steps leading to metastasis. We report here that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent bioactive phospholipid, induces prostate cancer PC3 cell migration via the activation of the LPA(1) receptor, which is linked to a PTX-sensitive activation mechanism of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Our results demonstrate that parallel activation of ERK1/2 and p38, but not JNK, is responsible for LPA-stimulated PC3 cell migration. Furthermore, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology, and overexpressing dominant-negative mutants of p38 MAPK isotypes of alpha, beta ...

Sonographic Evaluation Of The Normal And Abnormal Pancreas, Silke Hecht, George Henry

George A Henry, DVM

Pancreatic disorders in dogs and cats are recognized with increasing frequency, and abdominal ultrasonography has assumed an important role in their diagnosis. The normal pancreas is a small, inconspicuous organ of comparable echogenicity to surrounding mesentery and may be difficult to identify. Therefore, knowledge of anatomic landmarks such as portal vein and contributing vessels, duodenum, and stomach is necessary to facilitate identification and examination. Pancreatic diseases and abnormalities frequently investigated by means of ultrasonography include pancreatitis, pseudocysts, abscesses, neoplastic lesions, and nodular hyperplasia. Disorders less commonly seen include exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, pancreatolithiasis, congenital anomalies, and pancreatic edema. Unfortunately, ultrasonographic findings ...

A Canine Aflatoxicosis Outbreak And Guidelines For Handling Commercial Dog Food Contaminations, J Smith, Katherine Stenske, Shelley Newman, Claudia Kirk

Shelley Newman

No abstract provided.

Liver Aspirate From A Shar Pei Dog., Bente Flatland, R. Moore, C. Wolf, S. Yeomans, Robert Donnell, India Lane, Michael Fry

India F. Lane

A 5-year-old, neutered male, Shar Pei dog was presented with weight loss, anorexia, lethargy, stranguria, and distal limb edema. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included anemia, an inflammatory leukogram, azotemia, icterus, urinary tract infection, and hepatomegaly with a markedly hypoechoic liver. Cytologic findings in a fine-needle aspirate of the liver included large amounts of amorphous, pink, extracellular matrix between hepatocytes. The amorphous material was congophilic using Congo red stain on a hepatic cytology specimen and green birefringent areas were observed under polarized light, confirming the presence of amyloid. The dog was euthanized and a necropsy was done. Histopathologic evaluation using H&E and ...

What Is Your Diagnosis? Cystic Meningioma, L Johnson, Silke Hecht, A Arendse, William Adams

William H Adams, DVM, DACVR

No abstract provided.

Veterinary Public Health: A Collaborative Dvm/Mph Option At The University Of Tennessee, Nancy Howell, C. Hamilton, John New, James Brace

John C. New Jr., DVM, MPH, DACVPM

No abstract provided.

Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation Is Inhibited By Bad: Regulation Of Cyclin D1, R Fernando, Js Foster, A Bible, A Ström, Rg Pestell, M Rao, Arnold Saxton, Seung Baek, K Yamaguchi, Robert Donnell, Maria Cekanova, J Wimalasena

Seung J Baek

Recent investigations suggest that functions of the proapoptotic BCL2 family members, including BAD, are not limited to regulation of apoptosis. Here we demonstrate that BAD inhibits G(1) to S phase transition in MCF7 breast cancer cells independent of apoptosis. BAD overexpression inhibited G(1) transit and cell growth as well as cyclin D1 expression. Inhibition of cyclin D1 expression was mediated through inhibition of transcription activated by AP1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that BAD is localized at the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-response element (TRE) and cAMP-response element (CRE) in the cyclin D1 promoter. This was shown to reflect direct binding interactions of ...

Veterinary Public Health: A Collaborative Dvm/Mph Option At The University Of Tennessee, Nancy Howell, C. Hamilton, John New, James Brace

James J Brace

No abstract provided.

Silicone Plastination Of Biological Tissue: Room-Temperature Technique - Dow/CorcoranTm Technique And Products, A Raoof, Robert Reed, Robert Henry

Robert B. Reed, Jr., DVM, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Prednisolone On Urinary Calcium Oxalate And Struvite Relative Supersaturation In Healthy Young Adult Female Domestic Shorthaired Cats, N Geyer, Joe Bartges, Claudia Kirk, Sherry Cox, A Hezel, T Moyers, J Hayes

Sherry Cox

Prednisolone (10 mg PO q24h) or placebo was administered to healthy cats for 2 weeks in a masked, placebo-controlled, crossover-design study, and 24-hour urine samples were collected. When cats received prednisolone, 24-hour urine pH was lower and 24-hour urine excretion of creatinine, magnesium, phosphate, and potassium was higher than when cats received placebo. No significant difference was found in urinary relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate (CaOx) or struvite between treatment groups. Prednisolone administration did not induce diuresis, nor was it associated with increased calcium excretion or urinary saturation for CaOx in these healthy cats. Results of this study, however, should ...

Influence Of Hydrochlorothiazide On Urinary Calcium Oxalate Relative Supersaturation In Healthy Young Adult Female Domestic Shorthaired Cat, A Hezel, Joe Bartges, Claudia Kirk, Sherry Cox, N Geyer, T Moyers, J Hayes

Sherry Cox

Hydrochlorothiazide (1 mg/kg PO q12h) or placebo was administered to healthy cats for 2 weeks in a masked, placebo-controlled, crossover-design study, and 24-hour urine samples were collected. When cats received hydrochlorothiazide, 24-hour urine volume, ammonia, chloride, creatinine, magnesium, oxalic acid, phosphate, potassium, and sodium were significantly higher than when cats received placebo. Hydrochlorothiazide was associated with significantly lower urinary saturation for calcium oxalate, but no difference was found in 24-hour urine calcium and citrate, urinary saturation for struvite, or blood ionized calcium. Hydrochlorothiazide decreased urinary saturation for calcium oxalate and could be useful in managing cats with calcium oxalate ...

Using Reflection To Reinforce Learning In Communication Training, Problem-Based And Early Clinical Experiences, India Lane, Elizabeth Strand, Nancy Howell

India F. Lane

No abstract provided.

Using Reflection To Reinforce Learning In Communication Training, Problem-Based And Early Clinical Experiences, India Lane, Elizabeth Strand, Nancy Howell

Elizabeth Strand, PhD, LCSW

No abstract provided.

Shope Fibroma Virus Keratitis And Spontaneous Cataracts In A Domestic Rabbit, Rl Keller, Diane Hendrix, Cheryl Greenacre

Cheryl B Greenacre DVM

A 7-year-old domestic rabbit presented for an enlarging ventral perilimbal mass OS. Keratectomy was performed to remove the mass. A diagnosis of Shope fibroma virus keratitis was confirmed based on signalment, clinical signs, histologic evaluation and virus isolation. Progression of bilateral cataracts leading to visual deficits was addressed with phacoemulsification. The rabbit remained visual and comfortable 5 months postoperatively and free of recurrence of the limbal mass 9 months after initial presentation.

Use Of Xylazine/Ketamine Or Medetomidine Combined With Either Ketamine, Ketamine/Butorphanol, Or Ketamine/Telazol For Immobilization Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Lisa Muller, David Osborn, Edward Ramsay, Thomas Doherty, Brad Miller, Robert Warren, Karl Miller

Thomas J Doherty

We immobilized 18 captive, adult, female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with a combination of either 1) xylazine/ketamine (XK; 1.6+0.1 mg kg 1 xylazine and 7.8+0.3 mg kg 1 ketamine antagonized with 2.1+0.1 mg kg 1 tolazoline), 2) Medetomidine/Ketamine (MK; 0.075+0.01 mg kg 1 medetomidine and 2.1+0.2 mg kg 1 ketamine antagonized with 0.37+0.0 mg kg 1 atipamezole), 3) Medetomidine/Ketamine/Butorphanol (MKB; 0.072+0.01 mg kg 1 medetomidine, 2.1+0.2 mg kg 1 ketamine and 0 ...

Effects Of A Concentrated Lidocaine Solution On The Acute Phase Stress Response To Dehorning In Dairy Calves, Thomas Doherty, H.G. Kattesh, R.J. Adcock, Matt Welborn, A.M. Saxton, J.L. Morrow, J.W. Dailey

Thomas J Doherty

The objective of this study was to more fully define the surgical stress response to dehorning by heat cauterization in dairy calves by measuring behavioral, hormonal, inflammatory, and immunological markers of stress and to determine whether a nerve block of the surgical site with a concentrated solution of lidocaine (5%) reduces the degree of stress. Thirty-two 10- to 12-wk-old female Holstein calves were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments: 5% lidocaine followed by dehorning, 2% lidocaine followed by dehorning, saline followed by dehorning, or 5% lidocaine followed by sham dehorning. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured in blood samples collected ...

Effects Of L-Asparaginase On Tumor Burden In Cats With Lymphoma, Amy Leblanc, Sherry Cox, Claudia Kirk, Shelley Newman, Joseph Bartges, Alfred Legendre

Claudia A Kirk

BACKGROUND: L-Asparaginase (Elspar(a)), is an Escherichia coli-derived enzyme that depletes lymphoma cells of asparagine, inhibiting protein synthesis and resulting in cell death. The single agent response rate in cats with lymphoma and impact of L-asparaginase on plasma amino acid concentrations is unknown. HYPOTHESES: L-Asparaginase significantly reduces plasma asparagine concentrations and has demonstrable efficacy against untreated lymphoma in cats. ANIMALS: Thirteen cats with confirmed lymphoma (LSA) of any anatomic site were given 1 dose 400 IU/kg IM) of L-asparaginase for initial LSA treatment. METHODS: Plasma collected at 0, 2, and 7 days after L-asparaginase therapy was assayed for ammonia ...

Effects Of L-Asparaginase On Plasma Amino Acid Profiles And Tumor Burden In Cats With Lymphoma, Amy Leblanc, Sherry Cox, Claudia Kirk, Shelley Newman, Joe Bartges, Alfred Legendre

Claudia A Kirk

BACKGROUND: L-Asparaginase (Elspar(a)), is an Escherichia coli-derived enzyme that depletes lymphoma cells of asparagine, inhibiting protein synthesis and resulting in cell death. The single agent response rate in cats with lymphoma and impact of L-asparaginase on plasma amino acid concentrations is unknown. HYPOTHESES: L-Asparaginase significantly reduces plasma asparagine concentrations and has demonstrable efficacy against untreated lymphoma in cats. ANIMALS: Thirteen cats with confirmed lymphoma (LSA) of any anatomic site were given 1 dose 400 IU/kg IM) of L-asparaginase for initial LSA treatment. METHODS: Plasma collected at 0, 2, and 7 days after L-asparaginase therapy was assayed for ammonia ...

Aflatoxicosis In Nine Dogs After Exposure To Contaminated Commercial Dog Food, Shelley Newman, J Smith, K Stenske, L Newman, J Dunlap, P Imerman, Claudia Kirk

Claudia A Kirk

The purpose of this study was to characterize light and electron microscopic findings from 9 dogs that had consumed aflatoxin-contaminated commercial dog food from recalled batches. Four dogs died and 5 were euthanized after signs of liver failure. Analysis of feed and liver samples confirmed exposure to aflatoxin. Of the 9 dogs, 8 had classic signs of liver failure, and 1 had signs of liver failure. Enlarged, pale yellow livers were seen macroscopically at necropsy in the dogs with subacute hepatopathy, and cirrhosis was noted in the dog with chronic hepatopathy. Histopathologic findings included hepatic lipidosis, portal fibroplasia, and biliary ...

Cerebral Blastomyces Dermatitidis Infection In A Cat, J Smith, Alfred Legendre, William Thomas, Casey Leblanc, C Lambkin, J Avenell, J Wall, Silke Hecht

William B. Thomas, MS, DACVIM (Neurology)

CASE DESCRIPTION: An 8-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of signs of depression, circling, and visual deficits. CLINICAL FINDINGS: The cat had no cutaneous lesions, and results of an ophthalmologic examination and thoracic radiography were within reference limits. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a mass lesion involving the right parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes; the mass was in broad-based contact with the skull and smoothly marginated and had strong homogenous enhancement after contrast agent administration. During craniectomy, samples of the mass were collected for cytologic and histopathologic evaluations and microbial culture. A diagnosis of Blastomyces dermatitidis-associated meningoencephalitis with ...

Idiopathic Systematic Granulomatous Disease, Sandra Sargent, Benjamin Buchanan, Linda Frank, Stephen Kania, David Rotstein, Carla Sommardahl

Carla S. Sommardahl

No abstract provided.

Effects Of L-Asparaginase On Tumor Burden In Cats With Lymphoma, Amy Leblanc, Sherry Cox, Claudia Kirk, Shelley Newman, Joseph Bartges, Alfred Legendre

Alfred M Legendre DVM, MS, DACVIM

BACKGROUND: L-Asparaginase (Elspar(a)), is an Escherichia coli-derived enzyme that depletes lymphoma cells of asparagine, inhibiting protein synthesis and resulting in cell death. The single agent response rate in cats with lymphoma and impact of L-asparaginase on plasma amino acid concentrations is unknown. HYPOTHESES: L-Asparaginase significantly reduces plasma asparagine concentrations and has demonstrable efficacy against untreated lymphoma in cats. ANIMALS: Thirteen cats with confirmed lymphoma (LSA) of any anatomic site were given 1 dose 400 IU/kg IM) of L-asparaginase for initial LSA treatment. METHODS: Plasma collected at 0, 2, and 7 days after L-asparaginase therapy was assayed for ammonia ...