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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Bovine Immune Response To Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli O157:H7., Mark A Hoffman, Christian Menge, Thomas A Casey, William Laegreid, Brad T Bosworth, Evelyn A Dean-Nystrom Dec 2006

Bovine Immune Response To Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli O157:H7., Mark A Hoffman, Christian Menge, Thomas A Casey, William Laegreid, Brad T Bosworth, Evelyn A Dean-Nystrom

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Although cattle develop humoral immune responses to Shiga-toxigenic (Stx+) Escherichia coli O157:H7, infections often result in long-term shedding of these human pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare humoral and cellular immune responses to Stx+ and Stx- E. coli O157:H7. Three groups of calves were inoculated intrarumenally, twice in a 3-week interval, with different strains of E. coli: a Stx2-producing E. coli O157:H7 strain (Stx2+ O157), a Shiga toxin-negative E. coli O157:H7 strain (Stx- O157), or a nonpathogenic E. coli strain (control). Fecal shedding of Stx2+ O157 was significantly higher than that of Stx- O157 or the …


Transfusion-Associated Transmission Of West Nile Virus, United States 2003 Through 2005, Susan P. Montgomery, Jennifer A. Brown, Matthew Kuehnert, Theresa L. Smith, Nicholas Crall, Robert S. Lanciotti, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Thomas Boo, Anthony A. Marfin, 2003 West Nile Virus Transfusion-Associated Transmission Investigation Team Dec 2006

Transfusion-Associated Transmission Of West Nile Virus, United States 2003 Through 2005, Susan P. Montgomery, Jennifer A. Brown, Matthew Kuehnert, Theresa L. Smith, Nicholas Crall, Robert S. Lanciotti, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Thomas Boo, Anthony A. Marfin, 2003 West Nile Virus Transfusion-Associated Transmission Investigation Team

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

BACKGROUND: National blood donation screening for West Nile virus (WNV) started in June 2003, after the documentation of WNV transfusion-associated transmission (TAT) in 2002.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were screened with investigational nucleic acid amplification assays in minipool formats. Blood collection agencies (BCAs) reported screening results to state and local public health authorities. Donor test results and demographic information were forwarded to CDC via ArboNET, the national electronic arbovirus surveillance system. State health departments and BCAs also reported suspect WNV TATs to CDC, which investigated these reports to confirm WNV infection in blood transfusion recipients in the absence …


Development Of A Gis-Based, Real-Time Internet Mapping Tool For Rabies Surveillance, Jesse D. Blanton, Arie Manangan, Jamie Manangan, Cathleen A. Hanlon, Dennis Slate, Charles E. Rupprecht Nov 2006

Development Of A Gis-Based, Real-Time Internet Mapping Tool For Rabies Surveillance, Jesse D. Blanton, Arie Manangan, Jamie Manangan, Cathleen A. Hanlon, Dennis Slate, Charles E. Rupprecht

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Background: Oral rabies vaccination programs have been implemented to control the spread of wildlife rabies in the United States. However, current surveillance systems are inadequate for the efficient management and evaluation of these large scale vaccine baiting programs. With this in mind, a GIS-based rabies surveillance database and Internet mapping application was created. This surveillance system, RabID, provides a new resource for the rapid mapping and dissemination of data on animal rabies cases in relation to unaffected, enzootic, and baited areas where current interventions are underway.

Results: RabID is a centralized database for diagnostic and demographic information collected by local, …


Detection Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Fish), Caiwen Li, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small, Kimberly S. Reece, Carmony L. Hartwig, Roland A. Cooper, Robert E. Ratzlaff Oct 2006

Detection Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Fish), Caiwen Li, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small, Kimberly S. Reece, Carmony L. Hartwig, Roland A. Cooper, Robert E. Ratzlaff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) is the first virus known to be pathogenic to a wild lobster. It infects the Caribbean spiny lobster P. argus from the Florida Keys, and has a predilection for juveniles. The monitoring of the virus in wild populations and study of its behavior in the laboratory require the development of reliable diagnostic tools. A sensitive and specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed for detection of PaV1. The lower detection limit using a 110 bp DNA probe in a dot-blot hybridization for PaV1 DNA was 10 pg of cloned template PaV1 DNA and …


Sheep Updates 2006 - Contents, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia Jul 2006

Sheep Updates 2006 - Contents, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Sheep Updates

No abstract provided.


Bats: Important Reservoir Hosts Of Emerging Viruses, Charles H. Calisher, James E. Childs, Hume E. Field, Tony Schountz, Kathryn V. Holmes Jan 2006

Bats: Important Reservoir Hosts Of Emerging Viruses, Charles H. Calisher, James E. Childs, Hume E. Field, Tony Schountz, Kathryn V. Holmes

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

The remarkable mammals known as “bats” and “flying foxes” (order Chiroptera [“hand wing”]) may be the most abundant, diverse, and geographically dispersed vertebrates (Table 1). Although a great deal is known about them, detailed information is needed to explain the astonishing variations of their anatomy, their lifestyles, their roles in ecosystems ecology, and their importance as reservoir hosts of viruses of proven or potential significance for human and veterinary health.


Comparison Of Two Automated Immunohistochemical Procedures For The Diagnosis Of Scrapie In Domestic Sheep And Chronic Wasting Disease In North American White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) And Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus), T. V. Baszler, M. Kiupel, E. S. Williams, B. V. Thomsen, T. Gidlewski, D. L. Montgomery, Katherine I. O'Rourke, S. M. Hall Jan 2006

Comparison Of Two Automated Immunohistochemical Procedures For The Diagnosis Of Scrapie In Domestic Sheep And Chronic Wasting Disease In North American White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) And Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus), T. V. Baszler, M. Kiupel, E. S. Williams, B. V. Thomsen, T. Gidlewski, D. L. Montgomery, Katherine I. O'Rourke, S. M. Hall

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Two commercially available automated immunohistochemistry platforms, Ventana NexES and DakoCytomation Autostainer Universal Staining System, were compared for diagnosing sheep scrapie and cervid chronic wasting disease. Both automated platforms used the same antiprion protein monoclonal primary antibodies, but different platform-specific linker and amplification reagents and procedures. Duplicate sections of brainstem (at the level of the obex) and lymphoid tissue (retropharyngeal lymph node or tonsil) from the same tissue block were immunostained for the comparison. Examination of 1,020 tissues from 796 sheep revealed 100% concordance of results between the Ventana NexES and DakoCytomation platforms for diagnosing sheep scrapie from lymphoid tissue (103/103 …


Preliminary Observations Of Genetic Susceptibility Of Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) To Chronic Wasting Disease By Experimental Oral Inoculation, Amir N. Hamir, Thomas Gidlewski, Terry R. Spraker, Janice M. Miller, Lynn Creekmore, Michelle Crocheck, Thomas Cline, Katherine I. O'Rourke Jan 2006

Preliminary Observations Of Genetic Susceptibility Of Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) To Chronic Wasting Disease By Experimental Oral Inoculation, Amir N. Hamir, Thomas Gidlewski, Terry R. Spraker, Janice M. Miller, Lynn Creekmore, Michelle Crocheck, Thomas Cline, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

To compare the genetic susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with various alleles of the PRNP gene, which encodes the normal cellular prion protein, to chronic wasting disease (CWD), eight 8-monthold elk calves of 3 genotypes (2 132MM, 2 132LM, and 4 132LL) were orally dosed with CWD-infected brain material from elk. During postinoculation (PI) month 23, both 132MM elk had lost appetite, developed clinical signs of weight loss and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, and were euthanized. Two other elk (both 132LM) developed similar clinical signs of disease and were euthanized during PI month 40. All 4 …


Acción Del Lufenurón Program® Contra Malassezia Pachydermatis En La Otitis Externa En Caninos, Andrea Johanna Jiménez Cortés, Felipe Pérez Benavides Jan 2006

Acción Del Lufenurón Program® Contra Malassezia Pachydermatis En La Otitis Externa En Caninos, Andrea Johanna Jiménez Cortés, Felipe Pérez Benavides

Medicina Veterinaria

La otitis externa es una inflamación aguda o crónica del epitelio del canal auditivo externo pero también puede comprometer partes del pabellón. Hay numerosos agentes etiológicos y factores predisponentes que se relacionan con esta infección en perros y gatos. La Malassezia pachydermatis es una levadura que se encuentra en la flora normal de la piel y canal auditivo externo de los caninos, pero que por diversos factores que favorecen su crecimiento, suelen desencadenar dermatitis y otitis externa. La otitis micótica asociada con Malassezia puede presentar los siguientes signos clínicos: sacudidas de la cabeza, arañazos en las orejas, descarga excesiva del …


Determinación De La Efectividad De Tres Productos Homeopáticos Contra Parásitos Gastrointestinales De Equinos Adultos Del Municipio De Cota, Cundinamarca, Camila Jimenez Rueda, Veronica Hurtado Niño Jan 2006

Determinación De La Efectividad De Tres Productos Homeopáticos Contra Parásitos Gastrointestinales De Equinos Adultos Del Municipio De Cota, Cundinamarca, Camila Jimenez Rueda, Veronica Hurtado Niño

Medicina Veterinaria

A lo largo de la historia de la homeopatía se han realizado estudios y experimentación pura, cuyos resultados han sido determinantes para la instauración de tratamientos con los diferentes remedios homeopáticos probados, es importante notar que las investigaciones iniciales en homeopatía fueron realizadas por Hahnemann y otros autores en equinos lo que motiva aun más la elaboración de este trabajo de investigación y determina que esta es una rama de la medicina alternativa que cada vez tiene mas campos de aplicación en la Medicina Veterinaria. De igual manera este estudio se plantea como otra posible opción en poblaciones en las …


Evaluación Serológica De La Inmunización De Una Bacterina Comercial Contra Leptospira Spp, Mediante La Técnica De Microaglutinación - Lisis En Hatos De La Sabana De Bogotá, Jaime Andrés Delgado Monroy, Mario Alejandro Vargas Orluela Jan 2006

Evaluación Serológica De La Inmunización De Una Bacterina Comercial Contra Leptospira Spp, Mediante La Técnica De Microaglutinación - Lisis En Hatos De La Sabana De Bogotá, Jaime Andrés Delgado Monroy, Mario Alejandro Vargas Orluela

Medicina Veterinaria

La leptospirosis es una enfermedad reproductiva de alta incidencia que puede tener un curso subclínico, lo que repercute en malos diagnósticos y puede afectar la productividad de un hato lechero .El presente estudio se realizó con el fin de probar una bacterina comercial contra Leptospira spp mediante la prueba de MAT en la sabana de Bogotá mediante la correlación de variables reproductivas y productivas. Se realizó seguimiento serológico seis meses en los cuales se efectuaron igual número de muestreos. Para esto se escogieron 4 fincas ubicadas en la Calera, Sopo, Tabio y Sibaté. En cada una se tomó una cohorte …


Premature Induction Of An Immunosuppressive Regulatory T Cell Response During Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Jacob D. Estes, Qingsheng Li, Matthew R. Reynolds, Stephen W. Wietgrefe, Lijie Duan, Timothy Schacker, Louis J. Picker, David I. Watkins, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Cavan Reilly, John V. Carlis, Ashley T. Haase Jan 2006

Premature Induction Of An Immunosuppressive Regulatory T Cell Response During Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Jacob D. Estes, Qingsheng Li, Matthew R. Reynolds, Stephen W. Wietgrefe, Lijie Duan, Timothy Schacker, Louis J. Picker, David I. Watkins, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Cavan Reilly, John V. Carlis, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Here we report the results of an investigation into the possibility that one mechanism responsible for the establishment of persistent human immunodeficiency virus infection is an early regulatory T (Treg) cell response that blunts virus- specific responses. Using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected rhesus macaque model, we show that, indeed, viral replication and immune activation in lymphatic tissue drive a premature immunosuppressive response, with dramatic increases in the frequencies of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells, transforming growth factor–β1+ cells, interleukin–10+ cells, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase+CD3+ cells.When we compared SIV infection with rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) …


Avian Influenza: Trade Issues, Toby Moore, Nancy Morgan Jan 2006

Avian Influenza: Trade Issues, Toby Moore, Nancy Morgan

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

In 2003, an outbreak of a highly pathogenic H5N1 strain of avian influenza (AI) in Southeast Asia, notably in Vietnam but also in Thailand, focused extensive local and international media coverage on the disease and its potential human health consequences. The media coverage has followed subsequent AI outbreaks in the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of Korea, and Japan, and westward through Russia into Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Health officials remain on alert because the virus has crossed the species barrier, causing more than 100 human deaths over the last 2 years. Other deaths, most recently in …


Avian Influenza: Human Pandemic Concerns, Donna K. Carver, Elizabeth A. Krushinskie Jan 2006

Avian Influenza: Human Pandemic Concerns, Donna K. Carver, Elizabeth A. Krushinskie

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

The likelihood that the next human influenza pandemic virus will emerge from the Asian strain of the H5N1 high pathogenic bird influenza virus that is causing widespread outbreaks in Eurasia remains unknown. (See Glossary for italicized terms.) Because these bird influenza outbreaks remain primarily an animal disease, there is hope that a human pandemic can be prevented. Eradication of the H5N1 high pathogenic bird influenza virus needs to occur at the farm level in the countries where it is currently circulating. Funding of prevention, surveillance, and eradication efforts in the countries where outbreaks are occurring or in at-risk countries will …


Chronic Wasting Disease Of Elk And Deer And Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Comparative Analysis Of The Scrapie Prion Protein, Zhiliang Xie, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Zhiqian Dong, Allen L. Jenny, Julie A. Langenberg, Ermais D. Belay, Lawrence B. Schonberger, Robert B. Petersen, Wenquan Zou, Quingzhong Kong, Pierluigi Gambetti, Shu G. Chen Jan 2006

Chronic Wasting Disease Of Elk And Deer And Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Comparative Analysis Of The Scrapie Prion Protein, Zhiliang Xie, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Zhiqian Dong, Allen L. Jenny, Julie A. Langenberg, Ermais D. Belay, Lawrence B. Schonberger, Robert B. Petersen, Wenquan Zou, Quingzhong Kong, Pierluigi Gambetti, Shu G. Chen

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible prion disease that affects elk and deer, poses new challenges to animal and human health. Although the transmission ofCWDto humans has not been proven, it remains a possibility. If this were to occur, it is important to know whether the “acquired” human prion disease would show a phenotype including the scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) features that differ from those associated with human sporadic prion disease. In this study, we have compared the pathological profiles and PrPSc characteristics in brains of CWD-affected elk and deer with those in subjects with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob …


PrpSc Accumulation In Fetal Cotyledons Of Scrapieresistant Lambs Is Influenced By Fetus Location In The Uterus, Janet Alverson, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Timothy V. Baszler Jan 2006

PrpSc Accumulation In Fetal Cotyledons Of Scrapieresistant Lambs Is Influenced By Fetus Location In The Uterus, Janet Alverson, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Timothy V. Baszler

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Placentae from scrapie-infected ewes have been shown to accumulate PrPSc when the genotype of the fetus is of a susceptible genotype (VRQ/VRQ, ARQ/VRQ or ARQ/ARQ). Cotyledons from fetuses of genotypes ARR/ARR, ARQ/ARR and ARQ/VRR have previously been shown to be resistant to PrPSc accumulation. By using ewes from a naturally infected scrapie flock, cotyledons from fetuses of multiple births of different genotypes were examined. PrPSc was detected in fetal cotyledons of genotype ARQ/ARQ, but not in cotyledons from their dizygotic twin of genotype ARQ/ARR. This confirms earlier reports of single fetuses of these genotypes, but is the …


Progress In Diagnosis, Treatment And Elimination Of Echinococcosis And Cysticercosis, Peter M. Schantz Jan 2006

Progress In Diagnosis, Treatment And Elimination Of Echinococcosis And Cysticercosis, Peter M. Schantz

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Here I review the current status of geographical occurrence and public health significance of echinococcosis (Echinococcus spp. infections) and cysticercosis (Taenia solium infection) with special emphasis on the remarkable technologic progress achieved in recent decades that has led to greater understanding of the biology and epidemiology of these cestode infections. The greatest remaining challenges are to apply this knowledge and technology to improved medical management and prevention of these infections.