Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Nicotine-Induced Effects On Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (Nachrs), Ca2+ And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) In Stc-1 Cells, Jie Qian, Shobha K. Mummalaneni, Reem M. Alkahtan, Sunila Mahavadi, Karnam S. Murthy, John R. Grider, Vijay Lyall

Physiology and Biophysics Publications

In addition to the T2R bitter taste receptors, neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have recently been shown to be involved in the bitter taste transduction of nicotine, acetylcholine and ethanol. However, at present it is not clear if nAChRs are expressed in enteroendocrine cells other than beta cells of the pancreas and enterochromaffin cells, and if they play a role in the synthesis and release of neurohumoral peptides. Accordingly, we investigated the expression and functional role of nAChRs in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. Our studies using RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques demonstrate that STC-1 cells express several α and …

Rapamycin Rescues Vascular, Metabolic And Learning Deficits In Apolipoprotein E4 Transgenic Mice With Pre-Symptomatic Alzheimer’S Disease, Ai-Ling Lin, Jordan B. Jahrling, Wei Zhang, Nicholas Derosa, Vikas Bakshi, Peter Romero, Veronica Galvan, Arlan Richardson

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele is a common susceptibility gene for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain vascular and metabolic deficits can occur in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers decades before the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The goal of this study was to determine whether early intervention using rapamycin could restore neurovascular and neurometabolic functions, and thus impede pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in pre-symptomatic Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 transgenic mice. Using in vivo, multimodal neuroimaging, we found that apolipoprotein E ɛ4 mice treated with rapamycin had restored cerebral blood flow, blood–brain barrier integrity and glucose metabolism, compared …

Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections: Polymicrobial, Complex, And Hard To Treat, Laura M. Filkins, George A. O’Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Suppression Of F1 Male-Specific Lethality In Caenorhabditis Hybrids By Cbr-Him-8, Vaishnavi Ragavapuram, Emily Elaine King, Scott Everet Baird

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Haldane's Rule and Darwin's Corollary to Haldane's Rule are the observations that heterogametic F1 hybrids frequently are less fit than their homogametic siblings and that asymmetric results often are obtained from reciprocal hybrid crosses. In Caenorhabditis, Haldane's Rule and Darwin's Corollary have been observed in several hybrid crosses, including crosses of Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis nigoni. Fertile F1 females are obtained from reciprocal crosses. However, F1 males obtained from C. nigoni mothers are sterile and F1 males obtained from C. briggsae die during embryogenesis. We have identified cbr-him-8 as a recessive maternal-effect suppressor of F1 hybrid male-specific lethality …

Research News. Publications, 2015. Volume 2, University Of Mississippi. School Of Pharmacy, Soumyajit Majumdar

Publications (2015-)

Publications that appeared during the period July 1 through December 15, 2015

A Trial Of Wound Irrigation In The Initial Management Of Open Fracture Wounds, Mohit Bhandari, Kyle J. Jeray, Brad A. Petrisor, P. J. Devereaux, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Emil H. Schemitsch, Jeff Anglen, Gregory J. Della Rocca, Clifford Jones, Hans Kreder, Susan Liew, Paula Mckay, Steven Papp, Parag Sancheti, Sheila Sprague, Trevor B. Stone, Xin Sun, Stephanie L. Tanner, Paul Tornetta, Ted Tufescu, Stephen Walter, Gordon H. Guyatt

Bone and Joint Institute

Copyright © 2015 Massachusetts Medical Society. BACKGROUND The management of open fractures requires wound irrigation and dridement to remove contaminants, but the effectiveness of various pressures and solutions for irrigation remains controversial. We investigated the effects of castile soap versus normal saline irrigation delivered by means of high, low, or very low irrigation pressure. METHODS In this study with a 2-by-3 factorial design, conducted at 41 clinical centers, we randomly assigned patients who had an open fracture of an extremity to undergo irrigation with one of three irrigation pressures (high pressure [>20 psi], low pressure [5 to 10 psi], …

Cellular Responses And Tissue Depots For Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Therapy., Andrea L. Martinez-Skinner, Mariluz Araínga, Pavan Puligujja, Diana L. Palandri, Hannah M. Baldridge, Benson J. Edagwa, Joellyn Mcmillan, R. Lee Mosley, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

Long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) induces a range of innate immune migratory, phagocytic and secretory cell functions that perpetuate drug depots. While recycling endosomes serve as the macrophage subcellular depots, little is known of the dynamics of nanoART-cell interactions. To this end, we assessed temporal leukocyte responses, drug uptake and distribution following both intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection of nanoformulated atazanavir (nanoATV). Local inflammatory responses heralded drug distribution to peritoneal cell populations, regional lymph nodes, spleen and liver. This proceeded for three days in male Balb/c mice. NanoATV-induced changes in myeloid populations were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with CD45, …

Cellular Responses And Tissue Depots For Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Therapy., Andrea L. Martinez-Skinner, Mariluz Araínga, Pavan Puligujja, Diana L. Palandri, Hannah M. Baldridge, Benson J. Edagwa, Joellyn Mcmillan, R. Lee Mosley, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

Long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) induces a range of innate immune migratory, phagocytic and secretory cell functions that perpetuate drug depots. While recycling endosomes serve as the macrophage subcellular depots, little is known of the dynamics of nanoART-cell interactions. To this end, we assessed temporal leukocyte responses, drug uptake and distribution following both intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection of nanoformulated atazanavir (nanoATV). Local inflammatory responses heralded drug distribution to peritoneal cell populations, regional lymph nodes, spleen and liver. This proceeded for three days in male Balb/c mice. NanoATV-induced changes in myeloid populations were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with CD45, …

‘Concussion’: Advocating For The Truth About Brain Diseases, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Phylogenetic Investigation Of Enteric Bovine Coronavirus In Ireland Reveals Partitioning Between European And Global Strains, Lynda Gunn, P. J. Collins, M. J. O'Connell, Helen O'Shea

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Background

Bovine coronavirus is a primary cause of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide, and is also associated with acute diarrhea in adult cattle during the winter season. There are no reports on molecular characterization of bovine coronavirus in Ireland, and little data exists apart from serological studies.

Findings

In this study, 11 neonatal (mean age 9 days) calf BCoV strains from the south of Ireland were collected over a one year period and characterized using molecular methods. The spike gene which encodes a protein involved in viral entry, infectivity and immune response shows the most variability amongst the isolates and was …

Anxiety And Depression In Patients With Advanced Macular Degeneration: Current Perspectives., Verena R Cimarolli, Robin J Casten, Barry W. Rovner, Vera Heyl, Silvia Sörensen, Amy Horowitz

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - despite advances in prevention and medical treatment options - remains prevalent among older adults, often resulting in functional losses that negatively affect the mental health of older adults. In particular, the prevalence of both anxiety and depression in patients with AMD is high. Along with medical treatment options, low vision rehabilitation and AMD-specific behavioral and self-management programs have been developed and have demonstrated effectiveness in improving the mental health of AMD patients. This article reviews the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with advanced AMD, discusses potential mechanisms accounting for the development of depression …

What Does Recent Neuroscience Tell Us About Criminal Responsibility?, Uri Maoz, Gideon Yaffe

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

A defendant is criminally responsible for his action only if he is shown to have engaged in a guilty act—actus reus (eg for larceny, voluntarily taking someone else’s property without permission)—while possessing a guilty mind—mens rea (eg knowing that he had taken someone else’s property without permission, intending not to return it)—and lacking affirmative defenses (eg the insanity defense or self-defense). We therefore first review neuroscientific studies that bear on the nature of voluntary action, and so could, potentially, tell us something of importance about the actus reus of crimes.Then we look at studies of intention, perception of …

Tmsb4y Is A Candidate Tumor Suppressor On The Y Chromosome And Is Deleted In Male Breast Cancer., Hong Yuen Wong, Grace M Wang, Sarah Croessmann, Daniel J Zabransky, Anita Aggarwal, Min-Ling Liu, + 10 More

Pathology Faculty Publications

Male breast cancer comprises less than 1% of breast cancer diagnoses. Although estrogen exposure has been causally linked to the development of female breast cancers, the etiology of male breast cancer is unclear. Here, we show via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) that the Y chromosome was clonally lost at a frequency of ~16% (5/31) in two independent cohorts of male breast cancer patients. We also show somatic loss of the Y chromosome gene TMSB4Y in a male breast tumor, confirming prior reports of loss at this locus in male breast cancers. To further understand …

Thermophilic Phosphatases And Methods For Processing Starch Using The Same, Matthew S. Gentry, Craig W. Vander Kooi

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Patents

The presently-disclosed subject matter includes thermophilic glucan phosphatase polypeptides. In some embodiments the polypeptide includes non-native laforin polypeptides, or fragments and/or variants thereof, and in some instances the polypeptide can alter the biophysical properties of starch in vitro or in planta. The presently-disclosed subject matter also includes isolated polynucleotides encoding the present polypeptides, methods for processing starch by exposing starch to the present polypeptides, and methods for making the present polypeptides.

Surface Display Of Glycosylated Tyrosinase Related Protein-2 (Trp-2) Tumour Antigen On Lactococcus Lactis, Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram, Suet Lin Chia, Adelene Ai Lian Song, Abdul Rahim Raha, Howard A. Young, Khatijah Yusoff

Public Health Resources

Background: The exploitation of the surface display system of food and commensal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for bacterial, viral, or protozoan antigen delivery has received strong interest recently. The Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) status of the Lactococcus lactis coupled with a non-recombinant strategy of in-trans surface display, provide a safe platform for therapeutic drug and vaccine development. However, production of therapeutic proteins fused with cell-wall anchoring motifs is predominantly limited to prokaryotic expression systems. This presents a major disadvantage in the surface display system particularly when glycosylation has been recently identified to significantly enhance epitope presentation. In this study, …

Tissue Restricted Splice Junctions Originate Not Only From Tissue-Specific Gene Loci, But Gene Loci With A Broad Pattern Of Expression, Matthew S. Hestand, Zheng Zeng, Stephen J. Coleman, Jinze Liu, James N. Macleod

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Cellular mechanisms that achieve protein diversity in eukaryotes are multifaceted, including transcriptional components such as RNA splicing. Through alternative splicing, a single protein-coding gene can generate multiple mRNA transcripts and protein isoforms, some of which are tissue-specific. We have conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of the Bodymap 2.0 messenger RNA-sequencing data from 16 human tissue samples and identified 209,363 splice junctions. Of these, 22,231 (10.6%) were not previously annotated and 21,650 (10.3%) were expressed in a tissue-restricted pattern. Tissue-restricted alternative splicing was found to be widespread, with approximately 65% of expressed multi-exon genes containing at least one tissue-specific splice junction. …

Reliability Of The American Community Survey For Unintentional Drowning And Submersion Injury Surveillance: A Comprehensive Assessment Of 10 Socioeconomic Indicators Derived From The 2006-2013 Annual And Multi-Year Data Cycles, Nathaniel Bell, Bo Cai

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to evaluate the reliability and predictability of ten socioeconomic indicators obtained from the 2006-2013 annual and multi-year ACS data cycles for unintentional drowning and submersion injury surveillance.

METHODS: Each indicator was evaluated using its margin of error and coefficient of variation. For the multi-year data cycles we calculated the frequency that estimates for the same geographic areas from consecutive surveys were statistically significantly different. Relative risk estimates of drowning-related deaths were constructed using the National Center for Health Statistics compressed mortality file. All analyses were derived using census counties.

RESULTS: Five of the …

Framework For Hyperspectral Image Processing And Quantification For Cancer Detection During Animal Tumor Surgery, Guolan Lu, Dongsheng Wang, Xulei Qin, Luma Halig, Susan Muller, Hongzheng Zhang, Amy Chen, Brian W. Pogue, Zhuo G. Chen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an imaging modality that holds strong potential for rapid cancer detection during image-guided surgery. But the data from HSI often needs to be processed appropriately in order to extract the maximum useful information that differentiates cancer from normal tissue. We proposed a framework for hyperspectral image processing and quantification, which includes a set of steps including image preprocessing, glare removal, feature extraction, and ultimately image classification. The framework has been tested on images from mice with head and neck cancer, using spectra from 450- to 900-nm wavelength. The image analysis computed Fourier coefficients, normalized reflectance, mean, …

Atp-Site Binding Inhibitor Effectively Targets Mtorc1 And Mtorc2 Complexes In Glioblastoma, Jayson Neil, Craig Shannon, Avinash Mohan, Dimitri Laurent, Raj Murali, Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal

NYMC Faculty Publications

The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis is central to the transformed phenotype of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, due to frequent loss of tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10). The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is present in two cellular multi-protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which have distinct subunit composition, substrates and mechanisms of action. Targeting the mTOR protein is a promising strategy for GBM therapy. However, neither of these complexes is fully inhibited by the allosteric inhibitor of mTOR, rapamycin or its analogs. Herein, we provide evidence that the combined inhibition of mTORC1/2, using the ATP-competitive binding …

Is There An Ideal Level Of Platelet P2y12-Receptor Inhibition In Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?: "Window" Analysis From The Adapt-Des Study (Assessment Of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents)., Ajay J. Kirtane Md, Puja B. Parikh Md, Thomas D. Stuckey Md, Ke Xu Phd, Bernhard Witzenbichler Md, Giora Weisz Md, Michael J. Rinaldi Md, Franz-Josef Neumann Md, D Christopher Metzger Md, Timothy D. Henry Md, David A. Cox Md, Peter L. Duffy Md, Bruce R. Brodie Md, Ernest L. Mazzaferri Md, Rupa Parvataneni Ms, Akiko Maehara Md, Philippe Généreux Md, Roxana Mehran Md, Gregg W. Stone Md

Department of Medicine

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether there is an ideal level of platelet reactivity (PR) to optimize safety and efficacy within the large multicenter ADAPT-DES (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) study of 8,582 patients receiving successful drug-eluting stent implantation.

BACKGROUND: Patients with high PR on clopidogrel have a greater incidence of adverse ischemic events after stent implantation, whereas low PR may increase bleeding. Due to limited sample size, previous studies have not been able to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics that may confound the relationship of PR and outcomes.

METHODS: In the ADAPT-DES study, routine …

Factors Associated With Providers’ Perceptions Of Mental Health Care In Santa Luzia’S Family Health Strategy, Brazil, Angela R. Ghesquiere, Rogerio M. Pinto, Rahbel Rahman, Anya Y. Spector

Publications and Research

Brazil has a unique mental health care system, characterized by universal coverage delivered by interdisciplinary teams both in the community and in specialized centros de atenção psicossocial (CAPS—psychosocial care centers). Provision of patient-centered mental health care is an important principle of Brazilian mental health care, but this topic has not been well-studied. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey of 151 community health workers (CHWs), nurses, and physicians in Santa Luzia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Chi-squares, t-tests and multivariate regression analyses examined differences in socio-demographics, caseload, engagement in evidence-based practices (EBPs), and transdisciplinary collaboration between providers who reported providing high …

The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Channel Modulates Uterine Tone During Pregnancy, Lihua Ying, Margaux Becard, Deirdre Lyell, Xiaoyuan Han, Linda Shortliffe, Cristiana Iosef Husted, Cristina M. Alvira, David N. Cornfield

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The importance of gaining insight into the mechanisms underlying uterine quiescence and contractility is highlighted by the absence of an effective strategy to prevent or treat preterm labor, the greatest cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although current evidence suggests that in myometrial smooth muscle cells (mSMCs) calcium homeostasis is modulated near term to promote uterine contractility, the efficacy of blocking voltage-operated calcium channels is limited by dose-related cardiovascular side effects. Thus, we considered whether uterine contractility might be modulated by calcium entry via transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels. In mSMC, TRPV4 gene and protein expression increased …

Alcohol And Cannabinoids Differentially Affect Hiv Infection And Function Of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells(Mddc), Marisela Agudelo, Gloria Figueroa, Adriana Yndart-Arias, Gianna Casteleiro, Karla Muñoz, Thangavel Samikkannu, Venkata Atluri, Madhavan P. Nair

HWCOM Faculty Publications

During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, alcohol has been known to induce inflammation while cannabinoids have been shown to have an anti-inflammatory role. For instance cannabinoids have been shown to reduce susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and attenuate HIV replication in macrophages. Recently, we demonstrated that alcohol induces cannabinoid receptors and regulates cytokine production by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC). However, the ability of alcohol and cannabinoids to alter MDDC function during HIV infection has not been clearly elucidated yet. In order to study the potential impact of alcohol and cannabinoids on differentiated MDDC infected with HIV, monocytes were cultured for 7 …

Black–White Latino Racial Disparities In Hiv Survival, Florida, 2000–2011, Diana M. Sheehan, Mary Jo Trepka, Kristopher P. Feenie, Guillermo Prado, Miguel Angel Cano, Lorene M. Maddox

Department of Epidemiology

This research aimed to estimate Black/White racial disparities in all-cause mortality risk among HIV-positive Latinos. Florida surveillance data for Latinos diagnosed with HIV (2000–2008) were merged with 2007–2011 American Community Survey data. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were calculated using multi-level Cox regression. Of 10,903 HIV-positive Latinos, 8.2% were Black and 91.9% White. Black Latinos were at increased mortality risk compared with White Latinos after controlling for individual and neighborhood factors (aHR 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.62). In stratified analyses, risk factors for Black Latinos included: age ¥60 years compared with ages 13–19 (aHR 4.63, 95% CI 1.32–16.13); …

Fungal Melanin: What Do We Know About Structure?, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Ruth E. Stark, Arturo Casadevall

Publications and Research

The production of melanin significantly enhances the virulence of many important human pathogenic fungi. Despite fungal melanin’s importance in human disease, as well as melanin’s contribution to the ability of fungi to survive in diverse hostile environments, the structure of melanin remains unsolved. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts have progressively revealed several notable structural characteristics of this enigmatic pigment, which will be the focus of this review. These compositional and organizational insights could further our ability to develop novel therapeutic approaches to combat fungal disease and enhance our understanding of how melanin is inserted into the cell wall.

Results Of A Community Randomized Study Of A Faith-Based Education Program To Improve Clinical Trial Participation Among African Americans, Paula M. Frew, Jay T. Schamel, Kelli A. O'Connell, Laura A. Randall, Sahithi Boggavarapu

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications

This is a report of a cluster randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of a church-based educational intervention aimed at improving African Americans’ (AA) participation in clinical trials. Two hundred and twenty-one AA subjects ages ≥50 years from six predominantly AA churches were randomized to intervention or control condition. The intervention included three educational sessions about clinical trials and health disparities; control participants completed questionnaires. Primary endpoints of the study were differences in individual subjects' intentions to obtain clinical trial information and intention to join a clinical trial, as determined by 10 point scale items at baseline, three and six …

When Free Is Not For Me: Confronting The Barriers To Use Of Free Quitline Telephone Counseling For Tobacco Dependence, Christine Sheffer, Sharon Brackman, Charnette Lercara, Naomi Cottoms, Mary Olson, Luana Panissidi, Jami Pittman, Helen Stayna

Publications and Research

Remarkable disparities in smoking rates in the United States contribute significantly to socioeconomic and minority health disparities. Access to treatment for tobacco use can help address these disparities, but quitlines, our most ubiquitous treatment resource, reach just 1%–2% of smokers. We used community-based participatory methods to develop a survey instrument to assess barriers to use of the quitline in the Arkansas Mississippi delta. Barriers were quitline specific and barriers to cessation more broadly. Over one-third (34.9%) of respondents (n = 799) did not have access to a telephone that they could use for the quitline. Respondents reported low levels of …

Architecture Of High-Affinity Unnatural-Base Dna Aptamers Toward Pharmaceutical Applications, Ken Ichiro Matsunaga, Michiko Kimoto, Charlotte Hanson, Michael Sanford, Howard A. Young, Ichiro Hirao

Public Health Resources

We present a remodeling method for high-affinity unnatural-base DNA aptamers to augment their thermal stability and nuclease resistance, for use as drug candidates targeting specific proteins. Introducing a unique mini-hairpin DNA provides robust stability to unnatural-base DNA aptamers generated by SELEX using genetic alphabet expansion, without reducing their high affinity. By this method, >80% of the remodeled DNA aptamer targeting interferon-γ (KD of 33 pM) survived in human serum at 37 °C after 3 days under our experimental conditions, and sustainably inhibited the biological activity of interferon-γ.

Gliopathy Of Demyelinating And Non-Demyelinating Strains Of Mouse Hepatitis Virus., Lawrence C. Kenyon, Kaushiki Biswas, Kenneth S Shindler, Manasi Nabar, Marjorie Stout, Susan T Hingley, Judith B Grinspan, Jayasri Das Sarma

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Demyelination in the central nervous system induced by neurovirulent strains of Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) is mediated by the viral spike glycoprotein, but it is not clear whether the mechanism of this disease pathology involves direct viral infection of oligodendrocytes. Detailed studies of glial cell tropism of MHV are presented, demonstrating that direct MHV infection of oligodendrocytes differs between demyelinating (RSA59) and non-demyelinating (RSMHV2) viral strains both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that direct injury of mature oligodendrocytes is an important mechanism of virus-induced demyelination. In vivo, RSA59 infection was identified in spinal cord gray and white …

Ethnic Differences In Maternal Adipokines During Normal Pregnancy, Xinhua Chen, Theresa O Scholl

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship

Two adipokines (adiponectin and resistin) have opposite relations with insulin resistance and inflammation. Our major focus was to determine whether there were detectable ethnic differences in maternal adipokines during pregnancy. We also explored the correlation of the adipokines with maternal glucose homeostasis, blood pressure and anthropometric parameters. Pregnant women (n = 1634) were from a large prospective cohort study in Camden NJ (African-American 36.8%; Hispanic 47.6%; Caucasian 15.6%). Serum adiponectin and resistin were measured at entry (week 16.8) and the 3rd trimester (week 30.7) using the Luminex xMapTechnology. Significant differences were observed among ethnic groups, controlling for confounding variables. African …