Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Spleen As A Distinct Site For Dendritic Cell Haematopoiesis, Jonathan Tan, Helen O'Neill

Jonathan Tan

No abstract provided.

Motivational Interview (Mi) Using Co-Active Life Coaching Skills As A Treatment For Obesity, Courtney Newnham-Kanas, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

Change-Ing Obesity: A Methodological Account Of A Comprehensive Study For Obese University Students, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

Motivational Interviewing For Special Populations Within Dentistry, Don Morrow, Jennifer Irwin

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

Qualitative Assessment Of Motivational Interviewing (Mi) Using Co-Active Life Coaching Skills As A Treatment For Obesity, Courtney Newnham-Kanas, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

Risk Communication And College Students: The 2009 H1n1 Pandemic Influenza, Francisco Soto Mas

Francisco Soto Mas

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ self-reported knowledge, behavior, and behavioral intention regarding H1N1 influenza. Method A cross-sectional, causal comparative study with purposive sampling was conducted at a major university in the southwestern U.S. Data were collected in early spring 2010 using a 24-item survey. Analyses included frequencies, descriptive statistics, correlation, linear regression, and multivariate analysis of variance. Results A total of 483 students participated. The majority of participants (69%) indicated taking “specific precautions” to prevent H1N1 influenza, but one-third lacked knowledge about symptoms and treatment. Only 10% had been vaccinated, and approximately half had …

A Review Of Baobab (Adansonia Digitata) Products: Effect Of Processing Techniques, Medicinal Properties And Uses, Donatien Kabore, Hagrétou Sawadogo-Lingani, Bréhima Diawara, Clarise Compaoré, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof., Mogens Jacobsen

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

A general literature review including the effect of processing techniques, medicinal value and uses of baobab tree is reported in this manuscript. Baobab tree has multi-purpose uses, as it produces food and non-food products such as medicines, fuel, timber, fodder. Every part of the baobab tree is reported to be useful. The seeds, leaves, roots, flowers, fruit pulp and bark of baobab are edible. Baobab leaves are used in the preparation of soup. Seeds are used as a thickening agent in soups, but they can be fermented and used as a flavouring agent or roasted and eaten as snacks. The …

Identifying Characteristics Of Effective Small Group Learning Valued By Medical Students And Facilitators, Diana T. Robillard, Laura M. Spring, Susan J. Pasquale, Judith A. Savageau

Judith A. Savageau

Background: Small group teaching is an important part of undergraduate medical education, providing the ideal setting for learners to clarify misunderstandings, test hypotheses and evaluate ideas. Many schools undergoing curriculum reform have increased the time students spend in small group learning. However, there is an overall paucity of literature examining case-based small group sessions in medical school.

Objective: This study was designed to examine student and facilitator perceptions of effective case-based small group teaching in the pre-clinical years and compare results in order to identify similarities and differences and identify key areas of disconnect so that the small …

Improving Prenatal Education In A Health Center: A Pilot Study, Marcy Keddy Boucher, Hugh Silk, Judith A. Savageau, Katharine C. Barnard, Mary Flynn

Judith A. Savageau

Background: Currently, the timing and variety of health education topics that are covered during prenatal visits are decided upon by the individual physician caring for the patient. Consequently, some patients do not gain exposure to important subject matter that could potentially improve their satisfaction and pregnancy outcomes. Previously reported studies have found evidence that improved patient education may increase rates of breastfeeding (as well as duration), seat belt use during pregnancy, and decrease preterm low birth weight infants. In addition, one study has shown that when prenatal visits are targeted to specific objectives, the number of prenatal visits can …

Can Evidence-Based Medicine And Clinical Quality Improvement Learn From Each Other?, Paul Glasziou, Greg Ogrinc, Steve Goodman

Paul Glasziou

The considerable gap between what we know from research and what is done in clinical practice is well known. Proposed responses include the Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) and Clinical Quality Improvement. EBM has focused more on ‘doing the right things’dbased on external research evidenced whereas Quality Improvement (QI) has focused more on ‘doing things right’ based on local processes. However, these are complementary and in combination direct us how to ‘do the right things right’. This article examines the differences and similarities in the two approaches and proposes that by integrating the bedside application, the methodological development and the training of …

Patterns Of 'Leakage' In The Utilisation Of Clinical Guidelines: A Systematic Review, Sharon Mickan, Amanda Burls, Paul Glasziou

Paul Glasziou

Background Research: Evidence is insufficient to change physicians’ behaviour. In 1996, Pathman developed a four step model: that physicians need to be aware of, agree with, adopt, and adhere to guidelines. Objective: To review evidence in different settings on the patterns of ‘leakage’ in the utilisation of clinical guidelines using Pathman’s awareness-to-adherence model.Methods: A systematic review was conducted in June 2010. Primary studies were included if they reported on rates of awareness and agreement and adoption and/or adherence.Results: 11 primary studies were identified, reporting on 29 recommendations. Descriptive analyses of patterns and causes of leakage were tabulated and graphed. Leakage …

Leaving Home Care: Decision Making, Risk Scenarios & Services Gaps In The Home Care System, Jacey J. Vaughan, Nina M. Silverstein

Nina Silverstein

Home and community-based services (HCBS) enable older and disabled adults to age-in-place in their homes and communities by helping them function independently for as long as possible (Grabowski et al., 2010; Wong & Silverstein, 2011). Previous studies well document that older adults prefer receiving HCBS rather than institutional care at a nursing home (e.g., Walker, 2010; Fox-Grage, Coleman, & Freiman, 2006). Medicaid is a major source of funding for long-term care. Currently, a large proportion of Medicaid funds in most states has been spent on institutional care (National Conference of State Legislatures & AARP, 2009), and older adults and their …

Gambar Orang Stroke, Denature Terkini

deNature terkini

Perawatan Stroke Ampuh, Denature Terkini

deNature terkini

Transdisciplinary Assignments In Graduate Health Education As A Model For Future Collaboration, Catherine Christie, A Russell Smith Jr., Michele Bednarzyk

Catherine Christie

Transdisciplinary health care continues to be at the forefront of patient treatment in the medical arena, in part due to escalating health care costs, an increasing aging population, and the development of multiple chronic diseases. Gaining the knowledge, experience, and principles associated with transdisciplinary teamwork to successfully prepare for modern-day practice is therefore essential for individuals of various health care professions. This report describes an assignment developed and implemented to facilitate professional interaction between graduate physical therapy, nutrition, and nursing students. The objectives of this assignment were to determine through student evaluation the effects of a transdisciplinary experience on students' …

Physical Function And Health-Related Quality Of Life Of Older Adults Undergoing Hospital Rehabilitation: How Strong Is The Association?, Steven Mcphail, Elaine Beller, Terry Haines

Elaine Beller

Extract:To the Editor: When an elderly patient has a first-time presentation of psychiatric symptoms, a physical cause should be suspected. In geriatric practice, these symptoms are often due to delirium, cognitive decline, or a mood disorder. The present case history illustrates the importance of further investigation when geriatric assessment alone cannot explain the symptoms sufficiently.

Reference Bias: Presentation Of Extreme Health States Prior To Eq-Vas Improves Health-Related Quality Of Life Scores. A Randomised Cross-Over Trial, Steven Mcphail, Elaine Beller, Terry Haines

Elaine Beller

Background - Clinical practice and clinical research has made a concerted effort to move beyond the use of clinical indicators alone and embrace patient focused care through the use of patient reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life. However, unless patients give consistent consideration to the health states that give meaning to measurement scales used to evaluate these constructs, longitudinal comparison of these measures may be invalid. This study aimed to investigate whether patients give consideration to a standard health state rating scale (EQ-VAS) and whether consideration of good and poor health state descriptors immediately changes their self-report.

Methods …

Development Of An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline On Linear Growth Measurement Of Children, Jan Foote, L. Brady, A. Burke, J. Cook, M. Dutcher, K. Gradoville, J. Groos, K. Kinkade, R. Meeks, P. Mohr, D. Schultheis, B. S. Walker, K. Phillips

Jan M. Foote

Growth is an important indicator of child health; however, measurements are frequently inaccurate and unreliable. This article reviews the literature on linear growth measurement error and describes methods used to develop and evaluate an evidence-based clinical practice guideline on the measurement of recumbent length and stature of infants, children, and adolescents. Systematic methods were used to identify evidence to answer clinical questions about growth measurement. A multidisciplinary team critically appraised and synthesized the evidence to develop clinical practice recommendations using an evidence-based practice rating scheme. The guideline was prospectively evaluated through internal and external reviews and a pilot study to …

Pyloric Channel Stricture Secondary To High-Dose Ibuprofen Therapy In A Patient With Cystic Fibrosis, E. Bell, R. Grothe, V. Zivkovich, Jan Foote, J. Wellendorf

Jan M. Foote

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of pyloric channel stricture secondary to high-dose ibuprofen therapy in a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis. CASE SUMMARY: A 12-year-old white girl started taking high-dose ibuprofen to treat the pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis. The peak plasma concentration at dose initiation was within the accepted therapeutic range. Approximately one month later, the patient developed emesis and intolerance of solid foods, which persisted for several months and resulted in a weight loss of seven kilograms. The patient was referred to a pediatric gastroenterologist, who performed an upper endoscopy and subsequently diagnosed a pyloric channel stricture. The …

Getting A Healthy Start. Feeding Issues In The First Year Of Life, Jan Foote

Jan M. Foote

No abstract provided.

Four Distinct Generations Of Workers Makes Leadership Challenging, Joyce K. Kutin

Joyce K Kutin RN, MSN, MOL

The Bureau of Labor Statistics for the year 2000 stated that Baby Boomers (age thirty-six through fifty-four) represented fifty percent of the United States labor force while Generation X (age twenty to thirty-five) represented some thirty-three percent, a significant decline in workforce. This demographic, time bomb indicates the urgency for many organizations in developed countries to prepare for and cope with the imminent retirement of their aging workforce.

Current Research Projects Of The Public Health Pbrn Program, Glen P. Mays

Glen Mays

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks Program supports research on the organization, financing, and delivery of public health services using the infrastructure of practice-based networks (PBRNs). A Public Health PBRN brings multiple public health agencies into collaboration with an academic research partner to design and conduct studies in real-world practice settings. The program supports research through several different mechanisms, including (1) large-scale Research Implementation Awards (RIAs) conducted by established networks; (2) Quick-Strike Research Fund (QSRF) awards that support short-term, time-sensitive studies on emerging issues; and (3) supplemental Research Acceleration and Capacity Expansion (RACE) awards designed to …

Development And Validation Of Decision Rules To Guide Frequency Of Monitoring Cd4 Cell Count In Hiv-1 Infections Before Starting Antiretroviral Therapy, Thierry Buclin, Amalio Telenti, Rafael Perera, Chantal Csajka, Hansjakob Furrer, Jeffrey K. Aronson, Paul P. Glasziou

Paul Glasziou

Background: Although CD4 cell count monitoring is used to decide when to start antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 infection, there are no evidence-based recommendations regarding its optimal frequency. It is common practice to monitor every 3 to 6 months, often coupled with viral load monitoring. We developed rules to guide frequency of CD4 cell count monitoring in HIV infection before starting antiretroviral therapy, which we validated retrospectively in patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.Methodology/Principal Findings: We built up two prediction rules (‘‘Snap-shot rule’’ for a single sample and ‘‘Track-shot rule’’ for multiple determinations) based on a systematic review …

Male Circumcision For Hiv Prevention: Current Evidence And Implementation In Sub-Saharan Africa, Richard G. Wamai, Brian J. Morris, Stefan A. Bailis, David Sokal, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Ross Appleton, Nelson Sewankambo, David A. Cooper, John Bongaarts, Guy De Bruyn, Alex D. Wodak, Joya Banerjee

Richard G. Wamai

Heterosexual exposure accounts for most HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, and this mode, as a proportion of new infections, is escalating globally. The scientific evidence accumulated over more than 20 years shows that among the strategies advocated during this period for HIV prevention, male circumcision is one of, if not, the most efficacious epidemiologically, as well as cost-wise. Despite this, and recommendation of the procedure by global policy makers, national implementation has been slow. Additionally, some are not convinced of the protective effect of male circumcision and there are also reports, unsupported by evidence, that non-sex-related drivers play a major …

Map Kinases Couple Hindbrain-Derived Catecholamine Signals To Hypothalamic Adrenocortical Control Mechanisms During Glycemia-Related Challenges, Arshad M. Khan, Kimberly L. Kaminski, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Todd A. Ponzio, J. Brent Kuzmiski, Jaideep S. Bains, Alan G. Watts

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Development And Description Of The Incivility In Nursing Education (Ine) Survey, Cynthia Clark, Judy Farnsworth, R. Landrum

R. Eric Landrum

Incivility in nursing education is a challenging problem and difficult to measure. This paper describes both the development and description of the Incivility in Nursing Education (INE) survey. The INE includes eight demographic items, six quantitative items, and four open-ended questions. It measures nursing students' and faculty’s perceptions of and experience with academic incivility. The INE was initially tested in a 2004 pilot study using a convenience sample of 356 nursing students and faculty and re-tested in a 2006 study with another convenience sample of 504 nursing faculty and students. Revisions were made to the INE based on findings from …

Experiment Spot-Checks: A Method For Assessing The Educational Value Of Undergraduate Participation In Research, R. Landrum, Garvin Chastain

R. Eric Landrum

No abstract provided.

College Students' Study Time: Course Level, Time Of Semester, And Grade Earned, R. Landrum, Rob Turrisi, Jessica Brandel

R. Eric Landrum

The association of total study time, number of events, time per event ratio, study strategies, and course grades across the semester were examined by linking students' study logs to course performance. There were 37 upper-division and 109 lower-division participants. Students earning As and Bs studied more frequently at the end of the semester but for shorter periods of time than students earning lower grades. Results are discussed in terms of providing college students and faculty with recommendations about learning strategies and time spent studying.

The Decision-Making Processes Of Graduate Admissions Committees In Psychology, R. Landrum, E. Jeglum, J. Cashin

R. Eric Landrum

No abstract provided.

Demonstrating Tutoring Effectiveness Within A One-Semester Course, R. Landrum, Garvin Chastain

R. Eric Landrum

The results of college-level tutoring programs are best described as mixed. Although some studies have detected beneficial effects (Lidren, Meier, & Brigham, 1991; Longuevan & Shoemaker, 1991), others reveal no positive tutoring effect (Griffin & Griffin, 1995). In 1986, McKeachie concluded that there are few clear demonstrations of the benefits of undergraduate peer tutors. The present study attempted to contribute additional evidence to understanding the effect of peer tutors in the undergraduate classroom.