Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension And Kidneydisease As Risk Factors Of Pre-Eclampsia: A Disease Of Theories And Its Association With Genetic Polymorphism, Abdullah Salah Alanazi, Francis Victor, Kanwal Rehman, Yusra Habib Khan, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Abdulaziz Alzarea, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi

Faculty Publications

Pre-existing diabetes, hypertension and kidney disorders are prominent risk factors of pre-eclampsia (PE). It is a multifactorial pregnancy disorder associated with high blood pressure, proteinuria, and multiorgan failure, which develops after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is one of the most feared pregnancy disorders, as it consumes thousands of fetomaternal lives per annum. According to clinical and pathological studies, the placenta appears to be a key player in the pathogenesis of PE; however, the exact origin of this disorder is still under debate. Defective placentation and angiogenesis are the hallmarks of PE progression. This angiogenic imbalance, together with maternal …

Safe, Supportive Neighborhoods: Are They Associated With Childhood Oral Health?, Elizabeth L. Crouch, Joni Nelson, Radhika Ranganathan, Melinda A. Merrell, Amy Martin

Faculty Publications

Objective

There has been limited examination of how community-level supports may influence oral health metrics among children. The purpose of our study is to examine the association between two types of community-level positive childhood experiences and oral healthcare and oral health outcomes among children ages 6 to 17 years of age.

Methods

This study uses a cross-sectional data set from the 2018–2019 National Survey of Children's Health. Two oral health metrics were used: preventive dental care, measured as one or more preventive dental visits in the past 12 months, and tooth decay, measured as tooth decay or cavities in the …

“For Lack Of Knowledge, Our People Will Perish”: Using Focus Group Methodology To Explore African-American Communities’ Perceptions Of Breast Cancer And The Environment, Kaleea Lewis, Shibani Kulkarni, Swann Arp Adams, Heather M. Brandt, Jamie R. Lead, John R. Ureda, Delores Fedrick, Chris Mathews, Daniela B. Friedman

Faculty Publications

Among women living in the United States, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death. Disproportionate racial disparities in breast cancer exist, with African American (AA) women consistently having the highest rates of breast cancer related mortality despite lower incidence. This study attends to the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) call to action recommending the identification of effective strategies for communicating accurate and reliable breast cancer risk information to diverse audiences. Using focus group methodology, this study explores how AAs perceive and decipher information related to breast cancer and its relationship to their environment. Six focus groups were conducted. …

Impact Of Outpatient Vs Inpatient Absssi Treatment On Outcomes: A Retrospective Observational Analysis Of Medical Charts Across Us Emergency Departments, P Brandon Bookstaver, Timothy C. Jenkins, Edward Stenehjem, Shira Doron, Jack Brown, Shannon H. Goldwater, Carlos Lopes, Angela Haynes, Chuka Udeze, Yifan Mo, Patrick Gillard, Yan Liu, Katelyn Keyloun

Faculty Publications

Background: The objective of this study was to characterize treatment of patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) and describe the association between hospital admission and emergency department (ED) visits or readmissions within 30 days after initial episode of care (IEC). Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, cohort study of adults with ABSSSI who presented to an ED between July 1, 2012, and June 30, 2013. Patient, health care facility, and treatment characteristics, including unplanned ED visits or readmissions, were obtained through manual chart review and abstraction. Adjusted logistic regression analysis examined likelihood of all-cause unplanned ED …

Proactive Protection For Adolescents, The Innocent Victim: Risk And Protective Factors For Pornography, Julie Varner, Kellie Hoch, Michael C. Goates, Carl L. Hanson

Faculty Publications

Several states, including Utah, have declared pornography a public health hazard as use has been equated with sexual violence, normalizing rape, and promoting risky sexual behaviors. Growing access to the internet has led many researchers to explore the effects of internet pornography use on adolescents; however, less has been done to summarize the antecedents. The purpose of this study was to explore the root causes of adolescent pornography use in the context of a well-established prevention framework - the social development model. Findings have implications for creating prevention programming related to adolescent digital pornography use.

Application Of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Score In Management Of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Ansal Shah, Julie Ann Justo, P Brandon Bookstaver, Joseph Kohn, Helmut Albrecht, Majdi N. Al-Hasan

Faculty Publications

The fluoroquinolone resistance score (FQRS) predicts the probability of fluoroquinolone resistance with good discrimination. The score has been derived from patients with bloodstream infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria and is based on fluoroquinolone use within the past 6 months, among other clinical and health care exposure criteria. This study aims to examine the utility of the FQRS in patients with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) and determine whether extension of prior fluoroquinolone use to 12 months improves model discrimination. Adults with cUTI at Palmetto Health in central South Carolina, USA, from 1 April 2015 through 31 July 2015 were prospectively …

Risk Factors For Chronic Diseases And Multimorbidity In A Primary Care Context Of Central Argentina: A Web-Based Interactive And Cross-Sectional Study, David E.V. Olivares, Frank R.V. Chambi, Evelyn M.M. Chañi, Winston J. Craig, Sandaly O.S. Pacheco, Fabio J. Pacheco

Faculty Publications

© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Global health agencies estimate an increase of chronic diseases in South America. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated chronic diseases and their risk factors in the perspective of multimorbidity. This research aimed to identify these aspects in a primary health care setting of central Argentina. The Pan America version of the STEP wise approach surveillance (STEPS) instrument of the World Health Organization was applied to 1044 participants, 365 men and 679 women, with a mean age of 43 years. High prevalence of overweight (33.5%), obesity (35.2%), central obesity (54%), dyslipidemia (43.5%), metabolic …

Relationship Of Religiosity And Spirituality To Hazardous Drinking, Drug Use, And Depression Among Sexual Minority Women, Laurie Drabble, Cindy Veldhuis, Barth Riley, Sharon Rostosky, Tonda Hughes

Faculty Publications

Using data from Wave 3 of the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women (CHLEW) study (N = 699), we explored whether religiosity and spirituality were associated with risk of hazardous drinking, drug use, and depression among sexual minority women (SMW; i.e., lesbian, bisexual) and possible differences by race/ethnicity. Participants were more likely to endorse spirituality than religiosity, and endorsement of each was highest among African American SMW. We found no protective effect of religiosity or spirituality for hazardous drinking or drug use. An association initially found between identifying as very spiritual and past-year depression disappeared when controlling for help-seeking. …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Reduces The Risk Of Incident Hypertension Associated With A Parental History Of Hypertension, Robin P. Shook, Duck-Chul Lee, Xuemei Sui, Vivek Prasad, Steven P. Hooker, Timothy S. Church, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Family history of hypertension increases the risk of an individual to develop hypertension, whereas moderate-to-high cardiorespiratory fitness has the opposite effect. However, the joint association of each on the development of hypertension is not well understood. We studied fitness and incident hypertension in 6278 participants who were given a preventative medical examination. Thirty-three percent reported a parent with hypertension, and there were 1545 cases of incident hypertension after a mean of 4.7 years. The presence of parental hypertension was associated with a 28% higher risk of developing hypertension after adjustments for age, sex, and examination year. After further adjustments for …

More Collaboration - More Power In Combating Ill Health, Ilkka Vuori, Steven N. Blair, Fiona C. Bull, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Faculty Publications

This symposium highlighted the position of physical activity as one of the most important factors causally related to common non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and discussed the need for including physical activity in comprehensive prevention strategies and policies to combat the major NCDs. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity are all major risk factors for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and several cancers, and physical inactivity globally ranks as the fourth leading risk factor for mortality. Despite the solid evidence that physical activity is related to several NCDs, stronger advocacy actions are required because physical activity is not viewed …

Aha/Acc Guidelines For Secondary Prevention For Patients With Coronary And Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2006 Update, Sidney C. Smith Jr., Jerilyn Allen, Steven N. Blair, Robert O. Bonow, Lawrence M. Brass, Gregg C. Fonarow, Scott M. Grundy, Loren Hiratzka, Daniel Jones, Harlan M. Krumholz, Lori Mosca, Richard C. Pasternak, Thomas A. Pearson, Marc A. Pfeffer, Kathryn A. Taubert

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Revised Adult Treatment Panel Iii Guidelines And Cardiovascular Disease Mortality In Men Attending A Preventive Medical Clinic, Chris I. Ardern, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Ian Janssen, Timothy S. Church, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background - National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines recommended therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) and drug therapy to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. These guidelines have been revised recently (ATP III-R); however, the risk of CVD mortality within each intervention window and the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic syndrome on CVD mortality within the framework of the guidelines are unknown.

Methods and Results - Risk factor and CRF data from 19,125 men (aged 20 to 79 years) who attended a preventive medical clinic between 1979 and 1995 were used. Mortality follow-up was completed until December 31, …

Aha Guidelines For Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease And Stroke: 2002 Update - Consensus Panel Guide To Comprehensive Risk Reduction For Adult Patients Without Coronary Or Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases, Thomas A. Pearson, Steven N. Blair, Stephen R. Daniels, Robert H. Eckel, Joan M. Fair, Stephen F. Fortmann, Barry A. Franklin, Larry B. Goldstein, Philip Greenland, Scott M. Grundy, Yuling Hong, Nancy Houston-Miller, Ronald M. Lauer, Ira S. Ockene, Ralph L. Sacco, James F. Sallis, Sidney C. Smith Jr., Neil J. Stone, Kathryn A. Taubert

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Aha/Acc Guidelines For Preventing Heart Attack And Death In Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: 2001 Update - A Statement For Healthcare Professionals From The American Heart Association And The American College Of Cardiology, Sidney C. Smith Jr., Steven N. Blair, Robert O. Bonow, Lawrence M. Brass, Manuel D. Cerqueira, Kathleen Dracup, Valentin Fuster, Antonio M. Gotto, Scott M. Grundy, Nancy Houston-Miller, Alice Jacobs, Daniel Jones, Ronald M. Krauss, Lori Mosca, Ira S. Ockene, Richard C. Pasternak, Thomas A. Pearson, Marc A. Pfeffer, Rodman K. Starke, Kathryn A. Taubert

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Risk Factors And Gender Differentials For Death Among Children Hospitalized With Diarrhoea In Bangladesh, Amal K. Mitra, Mohammad M. Rahman, George J. Fuchs

Faculty Publications

To identify risk factors for death among children with diarrhoea, a cohort of 496 children, aged less than 5 years, admitted to the intensive care unit of a diarrhoeal disease hospital in Bangladesh, was studied during November 1992-June 1994, Clinical and laboratory records of children who died and of those who recovered in the hospital were compared, Deaths were significantly higher among those who had altered consciousness, hypoglycaemia, septicaemia, paralytic ileus, toxic colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, invasive or persistent diarrhoea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, Females experienced a 2-fold higher risk of death than males (p=0.003). Several indices of …

Association Between Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors And Physical Fitness In Healthy Adult Women, Larry W. Gibbons, Steven N. Blair, Kenneth H. Cooper, Mike Smith

Faculty Publications

We examined associations between physical fitness and risk factors for coronary heart disease in healthy women ages 18-65 years. Physical fitness was objectively determined by the duration of a maximal treadmill exercise test. Six physical fitness categories (very poor to superior), specific within 10-year age increments, were established. Mean risk factor levels varied across categories, but so did potential confounders such as age and weight. Multiple linear regression modeling was used to control for the effects of age, weight and year of exam on coronary risk factors. After adjustment, physical fitness was independently associated with triglycerides (p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p less …