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University of Nebraska - Lincoln

2004

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Articles 1 - 30 of 132

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Isolating Adult Psychological Correlates Of Witnessing Parental Violence: Findings From A Predominantly Latina Sample, Corrie A. Davies, David Dilillo, Isaac G. Martinez Dec 2004

Isolating Adult Psychological Correlates Of Witnessing Parental Violence: Findings From A Predominantly Latina Sample, Corrie A. Davies, David Dilillo, Isaac G. Martinez

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined the relationship between childhood exposure to parental violence and adult psychological functioning in a sample of predominantly Mexican American participants. Questionnaires assessing childhood maltreatment, family environment, and current psychological symptomatology were completed by 142 female undergraduates. Findings revealed that witnessing parental violence in childhood was associated with depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, and trauma symptoms in adulthood, even after controlling for child physical and sexual abuse. However, in subsequent analyses, also controlling for levels of nonphysical family conflict, previous associations between exposure to parental violence and adult symptomatology were reduced, such that trauma-related symptoms remained the sole outcome …

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Parental Beliefs Regarding Developmental Benefits Of Childhood Injuries, Terri Lewis, David Dilillo, Lizette Peterson Dec 2004

Parental Beliefs Regarding Developmental Benefits Of Childhood Injuries, Terri Lewis, David Dilillo, Lizette Peterson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: To assess parental beliefs that minor childhood injuries play a beneficial role in the development of young children.
Methods: Mothers and fathers of 159 children, ages 15 to 40 months, completed the Injury Attitudes Questionnaire (IAQ), designed to assess parental beliefs that children "learn from" and "toughen up" as a result of experiencing minor injuries.
Results: A main effect for parent gender was found such that fathers endorsed stronger beliefs than did mothers regarding the developmental benefits of injuries.
Conclusions: The accuracy of these beliefs as well as their relevance to parental injury-prevention behaviors is discussed.

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Understanding Perpetrators Of Nonphysical Sexual Coercion: Characteristics Of Those Who Cross The Line, Sarah Degue, David Dilillo Dec 2004

Understanding Perpetrators Of Nonphysical Sexual Coercion: Characteristics Of Those Who Cross The Line, Sarah Degue, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Sexual coercion is defined here as a form of male sexual misconduct in which nonphysical tactics (e.g., verbal pressure) are utilized to gain sexual contact with an unwilling female partner. This study compares the risk characteristics of sexually coercive (n = 81) and nonoffending college males (n = 223) across several domains. Results revealed that sexual coercers differed from nonoffenders in that they more often subscribed to rape myths, viewed interpersonal violence as more acceptable, reported greater hostility toward females, and perceived male-female relationships as more inherently adversarial. In addition, compared to nonoffenders, sexually coercive males showed stronger indicators of …

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A Meta-Analytic Review Of The Effects Of High Stress On Eyewitness Memory, Kenneth A. Deffenbacher, Brian H. Bornstein, Steven D. Penrod, E. Kiernan Mcgorty Dec 2004

A Meta-Analytic Review Of The Effects Of High Stress On Eyewitness Memory, Kenneth A. Deffenbacher, Brian H. Bornstein, Steven D. Penrod, E. Kiernan Mcgorty

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In the past 30 years researchers have examined the impact of heightened stress on the fidelity of eyewitness memory. Meta-analyses were conducted on 27 independent tests of the effects of heightened stress on eyewitness identification of the perpetrator or target person and separately on 36 tests of eyewitness recall of details associated with the crime. There was considerable support for the hypothesis that high levels of stress negatively impact both types of eyewitness memory. Meta-analytic Z-scores, whether unweighted or weighted by sample size, ranged from -5.40 to -6.44 (high stress condition–low stress condition). The overall effect sizes were -.31 for …

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Acetylcholine: Ii. Nicotinic Receptors, Joyce Besheer, Rick A. Bevins Dec 2004

Acetylcholine: Ii. Nicotinic Receptors, Joyce Besheer, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The nicotinic cholinergic system has been widely implicated in mediating learning and/or memory processes in human and nonhuman animals. This chapter highlights various areas of basic research in which stimulation or blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been shown to affect an animals performance in a variety of tasks thought to measure learning and memory. For example, under certain conditions, stimulation of nAChRs by nicotine (or other nAChRs agonists) can enhance working memory of primates as measured in a delayed matching-to-sample task. Attentional processes are also improved in rats as indexed by a five-choice serial reaction time task. Further, …

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The Impact Of Different Types Of Expert Scientific Testimony On Mock Jurors’ Liability Verdicts, Brian H. Bornstein Dec 2004

The Impact Of Different Types Of Expert Scientific Testimony On Mock Jurors’ Liability Verdicts, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Participants in two experiments acted as jurors for a personal-injury case containing different types of expert testimony. In both experiments, the defendant was more likely to obtain a verdict in his favor when his expert presented anecdotal case histories than when the expert presented experimental data. Participants’ liability judgments were correlated with their perceptions of the experts’ credibility (experiments 1 and 2) and were moderated somewhat by their need for cognition and preference for numerical information (experiment 2). The results are discussed in terms of reasoning heuristics such as the base-rate fallacy.

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A Bjs Statistical Profile, 1992-2002: American Indians And Crime, Steven W. Perry Dec 2004

A Bjs Statistical Profile, 1992-2002: American Indians And Crime, Steven W. Perry

Public Health Resources

This report represents a compilation and new analysis of data on the incidents, prevalence, and consequences of violent crime among American Indians. The report uses data from a wide variety of sources, including statistical series maintained by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and the U.S. Census Bureau.
The findings reveal a disturbing picture of the victimization of American Indians and Alaska Natives. The rate of violent crime estimated from self reported victimizations for American Indians is well above that of other U.S. racial or ethnic groups and is …

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Influence Of Fluoxetine On Positive And Negative Affect In A Clinic-Based Smoking Cessation Trial, Jessica Werth Cook, Bonnie Spring, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Belinda Borrelli, Brian Hitsman, Raymond Niaura, Nancy J. Keuthen, Jean Kristeller Dec 2004

Influence Of Fluoxetine On Positive And Negative Affect In A Clinic-Based Smoking Cessation Trial, Jessica Werth Cook, Bonnie Spring, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Belinda Borrelli, Brian Hitsman, Raymond Niaura, Nancy J. Keuthen, Jean Kristeller

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Rationale – Fluoxetine improves affect in clinical syndromes such as depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Little is known about fluoxetine’s influence on mood changes after quitting smoking, which often resemble sub-clinical depression. Objectives – The present study, a re-analysis of previously published data (Niaura et al. 2002), examined fluoxetine’s effect on changes in negative and positive affect following quitting smoking. Methods – Adult smokers (n = 175) without clinically significant depression were randomized on a double-blind basis to receive fluoxetine hydrochloride (30 or 60 mg daily) or placebo for 10 weeks in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation. …

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Pathways To Self-Esteem In Late Adolescence: The Role Of Parent And Peer Attachment, Empathy, And Social Behaviors, Deborah J. Laible, Gustavo Carlo, Scott C. Roesch Dec 2004

Pathways To Self-Esteem In Late Adolescence: The Role Of Parent And Peer Attachment, Empathy, And Social Behaviors, Deborah J. Laible, Gustavo Carlo, Scott C. Roesch

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The goal of this study was to examine both the direct and indirect relations of parent and peer attachment with self-esteem and to examine the potential mediating roles of empathy and social behavior. 246 college students (Mage = 18.6 years, s.d. = 1.61) completed self-report measures of parent and peer attachment, empathy, social behavior, and self-esteem. Structural equation modeling revealed that parental attachment had mostly direct effects on self-esteem. Among females, the links between peer attachment and self-esteem, however, were entirely mediated by empathy and prosocial behavior. The findings from this study suggest that although close supportive relationships with parents …

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Religiosity, Values, And Horizontal And Vertical Individualism-Collectivism: A Study Of Turkey, The United States, And The Philippines, Cem Safak Cukur, Maria Rosario De Guzman, Gustavo Carlo Dec 2004

Religiosity, Values, And Horizontal And Vertical Individualism-Collectivism: A Study Of Turkey, The United States, And The Philippines, Cem Safak Cukur, Maria Rosario De Guzman, Gustavo Carlo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The authors examined the links between two dimensions that have been useful in understanding cross-cultural differences and similarities, namely, individualism- collectivism (I-C) and value orientations. The authors examined the relations and parallels between the two variables by directly relating them and examining the patterns of relations that both have with a third variable, religiosity. Participants were 475 college students from the Philippines, the United States, and Turkey who responded to measures of horizontal and vertical I-C, value orientations, and religiosity. The authors found partial support for the parallels between I-C and value types, particularly for collectivism and conservative values. Moreover, …

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West Nile Virus Blood Transfusion-Related Infection Despite Nucleic Acid Testing, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Brady D. Beecham, Susan P. Montgomery, Robert S. Lanciotti, Jeffrey M. Linnen, Cristina Giachetti, Larry A. Pietrelli, Susan L. Stramer, Thomas J. Safranek Dec 2004

West Nile Virus Blood Transfusion-Related Infection Despite Nucleic Acid Testing, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Brady D. Beecham, Susan P. Montgomery, Robert S. Lanciotti, Jeffrey M. Linnen, Cristina Giachetti, Larry A. Pietrelli, Susan L. Stramer, Thomas J. Safranek

Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND: A case of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis associated with transfusion of blood that did not react when tested for WNV by minipool (MP) nucleic acid testing (NAT) is described. A Nebraska man developed clinical encephalitis 13 days after surgery and transfusion of 26 blood components. Antibody testing confirmed WNV infection. An investigation was initiated to determine the source of this infection.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The patient’s family members were interviewed to identify risk factors for WNV infection. Residual samples were retested for WNV RNA using transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay and two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Blood …

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West Nile Virus Blood Transfusion-Related Infection Despite Nucleic Acid Testing, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Brady Beecham, Susan P. Montgomery, Robert S. Lanciotti, Jeffrey M. Linnen, Cristina Giachetti, Larry A. Pietrelli, Susan L. Stramer, Thomas J. Safranek Dec 2004

West Nile Virus Blood Transfusion-Related Infection Despite Nucleic Acid Testing, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Brady Beecham, Susan P. Montgomery, Robert S. Lanciotti, Jeffrey M. Linnen, Cristina Giachetti, Larry A. Pietrelli, Susan L. Stramer, Thomas J. Safranek

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

BACKGROUND: A case of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis associated with transfusion of blood that did not react when tested for WNV by minipool (MP) nucleic acid testing (NAT) is described. A Nebraska man developed clinical encephalitis 13 days after surgery and transfusion of 26 blood components. Antibody testing confirmed WNV infection. An investigation was initiated to determine the source of this infection.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The patient’s family members were interviewed to identify risk factors for WNV infection. Residual samples were retested for WNV RNA using transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay and two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Blood …

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The Contribution Of Executive Functions To Emergent Mathematic Skills In Preschool Children, Kimberly Espy, Melanie D. Mcdiarmid, Mary F. Cwik, Melissa Meade Stalets, Arlena Hamby, Theresa E. Senn Nov 2004

The Contribution Of Executive Functions To Emergent Mathematic Skills In Preschool Children, Kimberly Espy, Melanie D. Mcdiarmid, Mary F. Cwik, Melissa Meade Stalets, Arlena Hamby, Theresa E. Senn

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

Mathematical ability is related to both activation of the prefrontal cortex in neuroimaging studies of adults and to executive functions in school-age children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether executive functions were related to emergent mathematical proficiency in preschool children. Preschool children (N= 96) were administered an executive function battery that was reduced empirically to working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC), and shifting abilities by calculating composite scores derived from principal component analysis. Both WM and IC predicted early arithmetic competency, with the observed relations robust after controlling statistically for child age, maternal education, and child vocabulary. …

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Endocrine System, Richard A. Dienstbier Nov 2004

Endocrine System, Richard A. Dienstbier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In complex animals the two principal systems of regulation are the endocrine system and the nervous systems. The endocrine system consists of the ductless endocrine glands, which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system both regulate most of the involuntary functions of the body, including circulatory functions (e.g., blood pressure and heart rate), energy and arousal levels, reproductive functions, and the immune system. Another major function of endocrine hormones is to regulate tissue growth in young, developing organisms. This abbreviated summary of endocrine system responses to challenge and threat illustrates some of the …

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The Development Of A Trial Making Test In Young Children: The Trails-P, Kimberly Espy, Mary F. Cwik Nov 2004

The Development Of A Trial Making Test In Young Children: The Trails-P, Kimberly Espy, Mary F. Cwik

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

Preschool children have a more limited verbal repertoire, less proficient manual skills, and more variable attention spans relative to those of school age, with comparatively few neuropsychological tasks available for use in this age range. A prototypic neuropsychological test, the Trail Making Test, was adapted for use with young children, the TRAILS-P, using a developmentally salient storybook format with colorful stimuli in differing conditions with varying executive demands. The TRAILS-P was administered to 103 normally developing preschoolers between 2 and 6 years of age; 30 of these children were retested within one month to determine test reliability. Correlations among latencies …

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Executive Function In Preschool Children: Examination Through Everyday Behavior, P. K. Isquith, G. Gioia, K. A. Espy Nov 2004

Executive Function In Preschool Children: Examination Through Everyday Behavior, P. K. Isquith, G. Gioia, K. A. Espy

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

Clinical assessment of executive function in preschool-age children is challenging given limited availability of standardized tasks and preschoolers' variable ability to participate in lengthy formal evaluation procedures. Given the benefits of ecological validity of measuring behavior by rating scales, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Gioia, Isquith, Guy, & Kenworthy, 2000) was modified for use with children ages 2 through 5 years to assess executive functions in an everyday context. The scale development process, based on samples of 460 parents and 302 teachers, yielded a single 63-item measure with 5 related, but nonoverlapping, scales, with good internal consistency and …

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Using Path Analysis To Understand Executive Function Organization In Preschool Children, T. E. Senn, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann Nov 2004

Using Path Analysis To Understand Executive Function Organization In Preschool Children, T. E. Senn, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

There continues to be no consensus definition of executive functions. One way to understand different executive function components is to study abilities at their emergence, that is, early in development, and use advanced statistical methods to understand the interrelations among executive processes. However, to fully determine the constructs of interest, these methods often require complete data on a large battery of tasks, which are difficult to obtain with young children. Path analysis is an alternative statistical technique that requires only a single measure of each construct, yet still allows researchers to investigate complex relations among measures, to compare nested models, …

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Using Developmental, Cognitive, And Neuroscience Approaches To Understand Executive Control In Young Children, K. A. Espy Nov 2004

Using Developmental, Cognitive, And Neuroscience Approaches To Understand Executive Control In Young Children, K. A. Espy

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

The 7 articles in this special issue address the nature of executive control in young children. Executive control is framed in a developmental context, where the unique aspects of cognition in this age range are considered. The set of articles demonstrates the multidisciplinary approaches to study cognition in young children that includes application of cognitive, neuroscience, and developmental paradigms in typically developing youngsters, as well as those affected by clinical conditions, such as traumatic brain injury, exposure to low levels of lead in the environment, and prematurity. Although much work remains to be done, these study results are illustrative of …

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A Comparison Of Performance On The Towers Of London And Hanoi In Young Children, Rebecca Bull, Kimberly A. Espy, Theresa E. Senn Nov 2004

A Comparison Of Performance On The Towers Of London And Hanoi In Young Children, Rebecca Bull, Kimberly A. Espy, Theresa E. Senn

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

The Towers of London (TOL) and Hanoi (TOH) have been viewed as equivalent measures of planning and/or problem solving, although recent evidence in adults suggests that the underlying measurement characteristics of these two tasks may differ. As tower tasks are one of the few instruments that can be used to assess executive functioning in young children, the cognitive demands for both tasks merit further examination. Methods: The relation among tower tasks and those of short-term memory, inhibition, and shifting ability were examined in a sample of 118 typically developing young children (M age = 4 years, 9 months, SD = …

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Investigation Of The Transmission Of Mycobacterium Bovis From Deer To Cattle Through Indirect Contact, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters, Diana L. Whipple Nov 2004

Investigation Of The Transmission Of Mycobacterium Bovis From Deer To Cattle Through Indirect Contact, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters, Diana L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Objective—To investigate the infection of calves with Mycobacterium bovis through oral exposure and transmission of M bovis from experimentally infected white-tailed deer to uninfected cattle through indirect contact.

Animals—24 11-month-old, white-tailed deer and 28 6-month-old, crossbred calves.

Procedure—In the oral exposure experiment, doses of 4.3 X 106 CFUs (high dose) or 5 X 103 CFUs (low dose) of M bovis were each administered orally to 4 calves; as positive controls, 2 calves received M bovis (1.7 X 105 CFUs) via tonsillar instillation. Calves were euthanatized and examined 133 days after exposure. Deer-to-cattle transmission was …

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Identification Of Common Subpopulations Of Non-Sorbitol-Fermenting, Β-Glucuronidase-Negative Escherichia Coli O157:H7 From Bovine Production Environments And Human Clinical Samples, Zhijie Yang, Joy Kovar, Jaehyoung Kim, Joseph Nietfeldt, David R. Smith, Rodney A. Moxley, Michael E. Olson, Paul D. Fey, Andrew K. Benson Nov 2004

Identification Of Common Subpopulations Of Non-Sorbitol-Fermenting, Β-Glucuronidase-Negative Escherichia Coli O157:H7 From Bovine Production Environments And Human Clinical Samples, Zhijie Yang, Joy Kovar, Jaehyoung Kim, Joseph Nietfeldt, David R. Smith, Rodney A. Moxley, Michael E. Olson, Paul D. Fey, Andrew K. Benson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Non-sorbitol-fermenting, β-glucuronidase-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains are regarded as a clone complex, and populations from different geographical locations are believed to share a recent common ancestor. Despite their relatedness, high-resolution genotyping methods can detect significant genome variation among different populations. Phylogenetic analysis of high-resolution genotyping data from these strains has shown that subpopulations from geographically unlinked continents can be divided into two primary phylogenetic lineages, termed lineage I and lineage II, and limited studies of the distribution of these lineages suggest there could be differences in their propensity to cause disease in humans or to be transmitted to humans. Because …

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Daily Experiences Of Emotions And Social Contexts Of Securely And Insecurely Attached Young Adults, Julia C. Torquati, Marcela Raffaelli Nov 2004

Daily Experiences Of Emotions And Social Contexts Of Securely And Insecurely Attached Young Adults, Julia C. Torquati, Marcela Raffaelli

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined daily emotions and social contexts of young adults who differed in global attachment style (secure vs. insecure). Sixty-nine college students (41% male, 59% female) completed self-report measures of attachment and provided timesampling data on moods, companionship, and activities using the experience sampling method. Secure (n = 41) and insecure (n = 28) young adults spent a similar proportion of time with familiar intimates and alone. Secure individuals reported significantly more positive affect, higher levels of energy, and more connection than insecure individuals when they were alone and higher levels of energy and connection in the context …

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The Differential Relations Of Maternal And Paternal Support And Control To Adolescent Social Competence, Self-Worth, And Sympathy, Deborah J. Laible, Gustavo Carlo Nov 2004

The Differential Relations Of Maternal And Paternal Support And Control To Adolescent Social Competence, Self-Worth, And Sympathy, Deborah J. Laible, Gustavo Carlo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The goal of this study was to examine how the parenting dimensions of both mothers and fathers independently and together predict adolescent outcomes in three domains: sympathy, self-worth, and social competence. One-hundred eight adolescents completed self report measures on their perceived relationship with parents, sympathy, social competence, and self-worth. Perceived maternal support and rigid control were the most consistent predictors of adolescent adjustment. High levels of perceived maternal support and low levels of maternal rigid control were related to adolescents’ reports of sympathy, social competence, and self-worth. In contrast, support and control from fathers was generally unrelated to adolescent adjustment. …

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Children’S Perceptions Of Family Relationships As Assessed In A Doll Story Completion Task: Links To Parenting, Social Competence, And Externalizing Behavior, Deborah Laible, Gustavo Carlo, Julia C. Torquati, Lenna Ontai Nov 2004

Children’S Perceptions Of Family Relationships As Assessed In A Doll Story Completion Task: Links To Parenting, Social Competence, And Externalizing Behavior, Deborah Laible, Gustavo Carlo, Julia C. Torquati, Lenna Ontai

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study was designed to examine the links between parenting, children’s perceptions of family relationships, and children’s social behavior. Seventy-four children (M age = 6.01 years; 39 boys; 35 girls) and their parents took part in the study. Children completed relationship-oriented doll stories that were coded for coherence, prosocial themes, and aggressive themes. Parents completed a report of their child’s social behavior, a parenting scale, and a number of demographic items. Teachers also completed measures of children’s social competence and externalizing behavior. Warm parenting predicted both a child’s representation of prosocial themes in the doll stories and social competence, whereas …

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Development Of Auditory Event-Related Potentials In Young Children And Relations To Word-Level Reading Abilities At Age 8 Years, Kimberly Espy, Dennis L. Molfese, Victoria J. Molfese, Arlene Modglin Nov 2004

Development Of Auditory Event-Related Potentials In Young Children And Relations To Word-Level Reading Abilities At Age 8 Years, Kimberly Espy, Dennis L. Molfese, Victoria J. Molfese, Arlene Modglin

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

A relationship between brain responses at birth and later emerging language and reading skills have been shown, but questions remain whether changes in brain responses after birth continue to predict the mastery of language-related skills such as reading development. To determine whether developmental changes in the brain-based perceptual skills are systematically related to differences in word-level reading proficiency at age 8 years, brain event-related potentials (ERPs) to speech and nonspeech stimuli were recorded annually at the ages of 1 through 8 years in a sample of 109 typically developing children. Two measures of word-level reading (one that requires decoding of …

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Seasonality Of Tuberculosis In India: Is It Real And What Does It Tell Us?, Lorna E. Thorpe, Thomas R. Frieden, Kayla F. Laserson, Charles Wells, Gulshan Khatri Oct 2004

Seasonality Of Tuberculosis In India: Is It Real And What Does It Tell Us?, Lorna E. Thorpe, Thomas R. Frieden, Kayla F. Laserson, Charles Wells, Gulshan Khatri

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

India has a third of the world’s tuberculosis cases. Large-scale expansion of a national program in 1998 has allowed for population-based analyses of data from tuberculosis registries. We assessed seasonal trends using quarterly reports from districts with stable tuberculosis control programs (population 115 million). In northern India, tuberculosis diagnoses peaked between April and June, and reached a nadir between October and December, whereas no seasonality was reported in the south. Overall, rates of new smear-positive tuberculosis cases were 57 per 100 000 population in peak seasons versus 46 per 100 000 in trough seasons. General health-seeking behavior artifact was ruled …

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“It’S Not Fair!” Adolescents’ Constructions Of Appropriateness Of Parental Reactions, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Gustavo Carlo Oct 2004

“It’S Not Fair!” Adolescents’ Constructions Of Appropriateness Of Parental Reactions, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Gustavo Carlo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Research suggests that perceived appropriateness of parental discipline plays a role in whether adolescents accept or reject parental messages, but little is known about how adolescents conceptualize or construct their ideas of appropriateness. One hundred twenty-two adolescents (M age = 16.87) answered questions about past situations (both antisocial and prosocial), how parents responded to these situations, the adolescent’s perceived appropriateness of the parent’s reaction, how the parent’s reaction made the adolescent feel, and what the adolescent thought the parent’s intentions were. Appropriateness ratings were related to the type of parental discipline used, with yelling associated with lower ratings of appropriateness …

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Myelin Proteolipid Protein-Specific Cd4+ Cd25+ Regulatory Cells Mediate Genetic Resistance To Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Jay Reddy, Zsolt Illés, Xingmin Zhang, Jeffrey Encinas, Jason Pyrdol, Lindsay Nicholson, Raymond A. Sobel, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Vijay K. Kuchroo, James P. Allison Oct 2004

Myelin Proteolipid Protein-Specific Cd4+ Cd25+ Regulatory Cells Mediate Genetic Resistance To Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Jay Reddy, Zsolt Illés, Xingmin Zhang, Jeffrey Encinas, Jason Pyrdol, Lindsay Nicholson, Raymond A. Sobel, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Vijay K. Kuchroo, James P. Allison

Jay Reddy Publications

SJL mice are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) peptide 139–151, whereas H-2 congenic B10.S mice are resistant. Immunodominance and susceptibility to EAE are associated with a high precursor frequency of PLP 139–151-specific T cells in the naive repertoire of SJL mice. To understand the mechanism of EAE resistance in B10.S mice, we determined the precursor frequency of PLP 139–151-reactive T cells in both strains by using IAs/PLP 139–151 tetramers. SJL and B10.S mice had similar frequencies of tetramer-reactive T cells in the naive peripheral repertoire. However, in SJL mice, the …

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Cytokines And Synthetic Double-Stranded Rna Augment The T Helper 1 Immune Response Of Swine To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, William A. Meier, Robert J. Husmann, William M. Schnitzlein, Fernando A. Osorio, Joan K. Lunney, Federico A. Zuckermann Oct 2004

Cytokines And Synthetic Double-Stranded Rna Augment The T Helper 1 Immune Response Of Swine To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, William A. Meier, Robert J. Husmann, William M. Schnitzlein, Fernando A. Osorio, Joan K. Lunney, Federico A. Zuckermann

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Immunization of pigs with a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine initially elicits a weak interferon (IFN)-γ response. To improve the immune response, an adjuvant consisting of plasmid encoding either porcine interleukin (IL)-12 or IFN-α was co-administered during vaccination. In the presence of either adjuvant, at least a threefold increase in the primary virus-specific IFN-γ response was observed. While this enhancement was only transient (1 week) when the IL-12 expressing plasmid was used, the effect was not only still apparent at 6 weeks after vaccination in the presence of the IFN-α expressing plasmid but even after …

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Johne’S Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis, Ofelia Barletta-Chacon, Luiz E. Bermudez, Raúl G. Barletta Oct 2004

Johne’S Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis, Ofelia Barletta-Chacon, Luiz E. Bermudez, Raúl G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Johne’s disease is a chronic diarrhea affecting all ruminants. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a slowly growing mycobacteria, is the etiologic agent. There is also a concern that MAP might be a causative agent of some cases of inflammatory bowel disease in humans, especially Crohn’s disease. Food products including pasteurized bovine milk have been suggested as potential sources of human infection. This review addresses microbial factors that may contribute to its pathogenicity. In addition, the experimental evidence defining MAP as the cause of Johne’s disease and the issues and controversies surrounding its potential pathogenic role in humans are discussed.

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