Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Interpretive Research Group As An Alternative To The Interpersonal Process Recording, Mona Shattell, Beverly Hogan, Allison Ray-Hernandez

Mona Shattell

No abstract provided.

The Dda A Necessary, But Not Sufficient Safeguard For People With Progressive Conditions In The Workplace? The Experiences Of Younger People With Parkinson’S Disease., Maggie Lawrence, Banks Pauline

Dr. Maggie Lawrence

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of Osteoporosis Prevalence In Spinal Cord Disabled Veterans, Hossein Gholizadeh

Hossein Gholizadeh

DANESHVAR MEDICINE; DECEMBER 2006-JANUARY 2007; 14(66);37-44. AN EVALUATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS PREVALENCE IN SPINAL CORD DISABLED VETERANS SHOJAEI H.,SOROUSH M.R.,MODIRIAN E.,GHOLIZADEH H. Introduction: Osteoporosis and bone fracture risk due to decrease in bone mineral density is known as one of the most important complications of chronic spinal cord injuries (SCI). It also is a major health problem among the patients in SCI society. Although immobilization, old age, menopause and some comorbiditing, are major causes, other important factors also should be taken into consideration. Materials & Method: In this cross-sectional study, 132 veterans with SCI (mean of age 37.4 years), underwent dual-energy …

Social Medicine In The Twenty-First Century, Scott Stonington Phd, Md, Seth M. Holmes Phd, Md, The Plos Medicine Editors

Seth M. Holmes PhD, MD

No abstract provided.

Health Is Still Social: Contemporary Examples In The Age Of The Genome, Timothy Holtz Md, Seth M. Holmes Phd, Md, Scott Stonington Phd, Md, Leon Eisenberg Md

Seth M. Holmes PhD, MD

No abstract provided.

Parce Qu'ils Sont Plus Pres Sol: L'Invisibilisation De La Souffrance Sociale Des Cueilleurs De Baies, Seth M. Holmes Phd, Md

Seth M. Holmes PhD, MD

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Mouthrinses On Surface Microhardness Of Selected Dental Composites, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Objective: To compare the surface microhardness of composites(Spectrum®TPH, Filtek™Z350, Ceram•X mono and Ceram•X duo-enamel shade) before and after immersion in alcohol containing mouthrinses (Listerine), alcohol-free mouthrinses (Oral-B) and experimental herbal mouthrinses based on plant extract (mouthrinses X, Y and Z). Methods: 60 disc-shaped specimens of approximately 10mm x 2mm were perpared from various composites using perspex split mould and was cured for 40 seconds. The irradiated surface was polished using Sof-Lex pop-on polishing discs. The specimens were randomly divided to 6 groups. Microhardness was recorded before immersion (control group) using a load of 200g for 15 seconds using Vickers microhardness …

Shear Bond Strength Of Orthodontic Adhesives On Different Tooth Types: An In Vitro Study, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Introduction: Owing to the variety of materials and methods employed, comparison of the results and findings from bonding studies is difficult. Until recently, several types of teeth have been used in published research papers as a substrate in orthodontic bonding research including bovine incisors, fresh and rebonded human premolars. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of an adhesive bonded to different tooth surfaces (human premolar, bovine incisor and rebonded human premolar). Methods: Two groups of thirty premolar teeth and one group of bovine incisors had brackets attached in a standardized manner using Transbond …

Multiple Intelligences And Academic Performance Among Malaysian Undergraduate Dental Students, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Objectives: To identify the nature of multiple intelligences among dental students and investigate the relationship between these intelligences and performance in the various skill areas of dentistry. Methods: Sixty-one final year dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya in Malaysia were administered a Multiple Intelligence Inventory [(MII), David Larear, 1991)] after their final written examinations. MII comprised 80 4-point likert items assessing eight types of multiple intelligences: Verbal/Linguistic, Visual Spatial, Logical Mathematical, Musical Rhythmic, Intra Personal, Body Kinesthetic, Inter Personal and Naturalist. These intelligences were correlated with six academic performance scores: Amalgam Class II, Composite, Crown & …

Investigating Examiner Consistency In Criterion-Based Assessment Using Rasch Measurement, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

In the implementation of criterion-based assessment some disparities in the interpretation of the assessment criteria have been observed.Therefore it is essential that a standardization exercise be carried out to ensure equitable and fair assessment. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate inter-examiner variability and examiners' internal consistency in applying a criterion-based assessment. Method: The subjects consisted of 9 full-time staff of the Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Malaya, 4 part-time staff and 2 postgraduate students. One buccally-approached and one palatally-approached Class III cavity preparation were assessed according to a set of criteria developed by the department. Both …

Chronic Disease Surveillance In South Australia, Anne Taylor

Anne Taylor

Chronic diseases are the most prevalent, costly and preventable of all health problems. This article provides details on the methodology and results from two systems designed to collect data on chronic disease and associated factors in SA. Namely, the South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System (SAMSS) and, the North West Adelaide Health Study.

Do People With Risky Behaviours Participate In Biomedical Cohort Studies?, Anne Taylor, Eleonora Dal Grande, Tiffany Gill, Catherine R. Chittleborough, David H. Wilson, Robert J. Adamns, Janet F. Grant, Patrick Phillips, Richard E. Ruffin

Anne Taylor

Analysis was undertaken on data from randomly selected participants of a biomedical cohort study to assess representativeness. The research hypotheses was that there was no difference in participation and non-participations in terms of health-related indicators (smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, physical activity, blood pressure and cholesterol readings and overall health status) and selected socio-demographics (age, sex, area of residence, education level, marital status and work status).

From Faculty For Undergraduate Neuroscience: Encouraging Innovation In Undergraduate Neuroscience Education By Supporting Student Research And Faculty Development, Eric Wiertelak, J. C. Hardwick, M. Kerchner, B. Lom, J. J. Ramirez

Eric Wiertelak

No abstract provided.

Promoting Local Implementation Through Community Cancer Research Review Work Groups In Rural Appalachia, Bruce Behringer, Karen Harrell Mabe, Sadie P. Hutson

Dr. Sadie P. Hutson, PhD, RN

Underserved communities with high cancer rates often are not involved in implementing state cancer control activities locally. An East Tennessee State University research team formed 2 Appalachian Community Cancer Research Review Work Groups, 1 in northeast Tennessee and 1 in southwest Virginia. During 4 sessions, the research team presented regional cancer data to the work groups. Work group participants explored research from a lay perspective and identified possible reasons for cancer disparities in central Appalachia. The fifth session was a community dissemination activity in which work group participants engaged in cancer education and action by presenting the research to their …

Perceived Stress In Hiv-Infected Individuals: Physiological And Psychological Correlates, Kenneth D. Phillips

Kenneth D. Phillips

No abstract provided.

Alcohol And Other Drug Disorders, Comorbidity And Violence In Rural African American Women, Kenneth D. Phillips

Kenneth D. Phillips

No abstract provided.

Hiv/Aids Peer Counselors' Perspectives On Intervention Delivery Formats, Kenneth D. Phillips

Kenneth D. Phillips

No abstract provided.

Counteracting Muscle Wasting In Hiv-Infected Individuals, Kenneth D. Phillips

Kenneth D. Phillips

No abstract provided.

Spiritual Well-Being, Sleep Disturbance And Mental And Physical Health Status In Hiv-Infected Individuals, Kenneth D. Phillips

Kenneth D. Phillips

No abstract provided.

Predictors Of Quality Of Life In Hiv-Infected Rural Women: Psychometric Test Of The Chronic Illness Quality Of Life Ladder, C. Murdaugh, L. Moneyham, K. Jackson, Kenneth D. Phillips, A. Tavakoli

Kenneth D. Phillips

The Chronic Illness Quality of Life Ladder (CIQOLL) underwent psychometric testing in a sample of 278 women with HIV disease. The CIQOLL, a self-anchoring striving scale based on Cantril’s Ladder, measures seven domains (physical , emotional, financial, family and friends, spiritual well-being, peace of mind, and overall life satisfaction) across four time periods (present, past, future, life without a diagnosis of HIV). The domains were derived from focus groups with persons with HIV disease. Women with a diagnosis of HIV Infection, age 18 or older, residing in rural areas in the southeastern United States, completed questionnaires that measured physical functioning, …

Inflammatory And Immune System Correlates Of Rape, M.W. Groer, Sandra Thomas, G.W. Evans, S. Helton

Sandra Thomas

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of measuring stress hormones and immunity following rape. The long-term goal is to evaluate the predictive value of stress-immune-inflammatory responses to later health outcomes. Fifteen women reporting rape were compared with 16 control participants. Serum stress hormones, proinflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, functional assays, and lymphocyte subsets were measured in blood samples. Women reporting rape had higher cytotoxic cells, lower B lymphocyte counts, higher proinflammatory biomarkers, and decreased lymphocyte proliferation compared to the control group. This finding suggests that rape produces activation of the innate immunity and suppression of some …

Talking It Over With The Gals: An Analysis Of Editorials By Phyllis Stern, Sandra Thomas

Sandra Thomas

Editorials written by a journal editor proved a glimpse of that individual's philosophy and opinions about topical events. The purpose of the present project was to analyze the editorials of Phyllis Noerager Stern during the years that she served as editor-in-chief of Health Care for Women International (1983-2001). Using ethnographic content analysis, 65 editorials were examined to ascertain: (1) what event triggered the editorial; (2) what aim or objective could be identified; and (3) what rhetorical devices the editor employed. Personal narratives and editorials about the abuse/exploitation of women made up the largest categories. Stern's grounded theory orientation, fascination with …

Nurses' Narratives Of Unforgettable Patient Care Events, M.E. Gunther, Sandra Thomas

Sandra Thomas

Purpose: To explore the experience of registered nurses (RNs) caring for patients in contemporary hospitals.

Design: The descriptive phenomenological study was based in the philosophical perspectives of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty.

Methods: A purposive sample of 46 RNs employed in acute care hospitals in the southeastern United States (US) were recruited by network sampling. Data from unstructured interviews were analyzed in an interpretive group and themes were identified.

Findings: Four themes were identified: (a) extraordinary caregiving events, (b) incomprehensibility, (c) questioning whether anything else could have been done, and (d) “alone or together,” indicating the isolation nurses often experience while giving …

Calamity, Catastrophe, And Horror: Representation Of Natural Disaster, 1885-2005, Richard Steven Salkowe, Graham A. Tobin, S Elizabeth Bird

Richard Steven Salkowe

An examination of disaster literature from the late 19th and early 20th centuries revealed social, political, and economic vulnerability issues that parallel many current concerns. A modern model of comprehensive emergency management was used to comparatively address selected issues of vulnerability found in these texts; looking specifically at emergency response and initial recovery, perception, and attitudes towards different groups. Emergency response has made significant advances with the development of more sophisticated intervention protocols and the involvement of a vast array of governmental and non-governmental organizations. However, disasters remain deterministic and/or probabilistic in the eyes of many and recovery inevitably incorporates …

Knowledge Of Probiotics By Nigerian Clinicians, Kingsley C. Anukam

Kingsley C Anukam

A reasonable proportion of clinicians in the Northern hemisphere may be familiar with the use of probiotics and some have clearly been involved in probiotic research for some time. However, we hypothesized that medical practitioners in Nigeria are yet to grasp the concept of using probiotics either as health promoting foods or as biotherapeutic agents for the treatment of diarrhea or urogenital infections. In order to determine the extent of awareness on the use of probiotics among qualified medical practitioners in Benin City, Nigeria, a survey was carried out. The survey involved the use of close-ended and open-ended structured questionnaires …

Achieving The American Dream: Facilitators And Barriers To Homeownership Among Immigrants, Lutchmie Narine, Marcia A. Shobe

Lutchmie Narine

As of March 2003, the immigrant population in the United States (US) has reached 33.5 million individuals. Finding a way out of poverty is very difficult for many immigrants due to both individual and institutional barriers to savings and asset accumulation. Given that the primary sources of wealth among native-born households is through homeownership, it is only fitting that foreign-born households would also wish to achieve the “American Dream.” This paper outlines significant supports and barriers to savings and, more importantly, homeownership among US immigrants. Several suggestions for asset-based policy development for immigrants are also included in the discussion. By …

Improved Peak Detection And Quantification Of Mass Spectrometry Data Acquired From Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption And Ionization By Denoising Spectra With The Undecimated Discrete Wavelet Transform, Kevin R. Coombes, Spiros Tsavachidis, Jeffrey S. Morris, Keith A. Baggerly, Henry M. Kuerer

Jeffrey S. Morris

Background: Mass spectrometry, especially surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization (SELDI) is increasingly being used to find disease-related proteomic patterns in complex mixtures of proteins derived from tissue samples or from easily obtained biological fluids such as serum, urine, or nipple aspirate fluid. Questions have been raised about the reproducibility and reliability of peak quantifications using this technology. For example, Yasui and colleagues opted to replace continuous measures of the size of a peak by a simple binary indicator of its presence or absence in their analysis of a set of spectra from prostate cancer patients.

Methods: We collected nipple …

Pooling Information Across Different Studies And Oligonucleotide Microarray Chip Types To Identify Prognostic Genes For Lung Cancer., Jeffrey S. Morris, Guosheng Yin, Keith A. Baggerly, Chunlei Wu, Li Zhang

Jeffrey S. Morris

Our goal in this work is to pool information across microarray studies conducted at different institutions using two different versions of Affymetrix chips to identify genes whose expression levels offer information on lung cancer patients’ survival above and beyond the information provided by readily available clinical covariates. We combine information across chip types by identifying “matching probes” present on both chips, and then assembling them into new probesets based on Unigene clusters. This method yields comparable expression level quantifications across chips without sacrificing much precision or significantly altering the relative ordering of the samples. We fit a series of multivariable …

Accounting For Missing Data In End-Of-Life Research, Paula Diehr, Laura Lee Johnson

Paula Diehr

End-of-life studies are likely to have missing data because sicker persons are less likely to provide information and because measurements cannot be made after death. Ignoring missing data may result in data that are too favorable, because the sickest persons are effectively dropped from the analysis. In a comparison of two groups, the group with the most deaths and missing data will tend to have the most favorable data, which is not desirable. Results based on only the available data may not be generalizable to the original study population. If most of the missing data are absent because of death, …

Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Expression In Oral Carcinogenesis - A Preliminary Report, Kumar S. K. S., Rosnah Binti Zain, Ismail S. M., Cheong S. C.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase, is strongly associated with telomerase activity implicated in cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. In situ detection of hTERT will aid in determining the localization of telomerase positive cells. The aim of this study was to detect hTERT protein expression in multistep oral carcinogenesis using paraffin embedded tissue samples, and to study the relationship of hTERT expression with different histological stages in oral carcinogenesis. Normal (n=4), hyperplastic (n=4), dysplastic (n=4) and neoplastic (n=10) oral epithelia representing different histological stages in oral carcinogenesis were included in the study. hTERT protein detection was done …