Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Medicine and Health Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Selected Works

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
File Type

Articles 27451 - 27480 of 32079

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines And School Nursing, S. Adams, Ann Mccarthy Oct 2011

Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines And School Nursing, S. Adams, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

The use of evidence-based practice (EBP) has become the standard of health care practice. Nurses are expected to use best evidence on a wide range of topics, yet most nurses have limited time, resources, and/or skills to access and evaluate the quality of research and evidence needed to practice evidence-based nursing. EBP guidelines allow nurses and other health care workers to have research information collected, analyzed, and condensed into specific practice recommendations by experts. This article defines EBP guidelines and discusses the process of guideline development, including identification of topics, systematic literature searches, and evaluation and rating of research. Criteria …

Go to article

Family Perceptions Of Medication Administration At School: Errors, Risk Factors, And Consequences, D. Clay, K. Farris, Ann Mccarthy, M. Kelly, R. Howarth Oct 2011

Family Perceptions Of Medication Administration At School: Errors, Risk Factors, And Consequences, D. Clay, K. Farris, Ann Mccarthy, M. Kelly, R. Howarth

Ann Marie McCarthy

Medications are administered every day in schools across the country. Researchers and clinicians have studied school nurses' and educators' experiences with medication administration, but not the experiences of children or their parents. This study examined medication administration from the child and parent perspectives to (a) determine problems children experience with medicines at school, (b) clarify risk factors for medication errors, and (c) examine the perceived impact of medication errors on school performance and social relationships. Participants included children ages 8 to 18 years (n=157) being treated at a large Midwestern Children's Hospital in diabetes, asthma, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder …

Go to article

Infant And Preschool Well-Child Care: Master's- And Nonmaster's-Prepared Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, J. Glascock, C. Webster-Stratton, Ann Mccarthy Oct 2011

Infant And Preschool Well-Child Care: Master's- And Nonmaster's-Prepared Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, J. Glascock, C. Webster-Stratton, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

The nursing and medical literature reveals considerable debate over whether graduate or continuing education is the appropriate level for nurse practitioner preparation. These arguments have been rhetorical since the research literature lacks data on the scope of practice of master's- and nonmaster's-prepared nurse practitioners. The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences between the two types of practitioners in one area--well-child care provided by pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs). A total of 236 master's- and nonmaster's-prepared PNPs completed a background questionnaire and checklists of nursing activities involving infant and preschool well-child care. Analysis of study results showed that master's …

Go to article

Innovative Approaches For Teaching Children With Chronic Conditions, J. Engvall, Ann Mccarthy Oct 2011

Innovative Approaches For Teaching Children With Chronic Conditions, J. Engvall, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Intervention Research In Highly Unstable Environments, Kathleen Buckwalter, M. Grey, B. Bowers, Ann Mccarthy, D. Gross, M. Funk, C. Beck Oct 2011

Intervention Research In Highly Unstable Environments, Kathleen Buckwalter, M. Grey, B. Bowers, Ann Mccarthy, D. Gross, M. Funk, C. Beck

Ann Marie McCarthy

This article highlights issues and presents strategies for conducting intervention research in highly unstable environments such as schools, critical care units, and long-term care facilities. The authors draw on their own experiences to discuss the challenges that may be encountered in highly unstable settings. The concept of validity provides a framework for understanding the value of addressing the many methodological issues that can emerge in settings characterized by instability. We explain unstable environments by elaborating on knowable elements that contribute to instability. Strategies are provided for improving success of intervention research in unstable settings by carrying out an environmental assessment …

Go to article

Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway Flux Contributes To Insulin Resistance Via Altering Membrane Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate And Cortical Filamentous Actin, P. Bhonagiri, G. R. Pattar, E. M. Horvath, K. M. Habegger, Ann Mccarthy, J. S. Elmendorf Oct 2011

Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway Flux Contributes To Insulin Resistance Via Altering Membrane Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate And Cortical Filamentous Actin, P. Bhonagiri, G. R. Pattar, E. M. Horvath, K. M. Habegger, Ann Mccarthy, J. S. Elmendorf

Ann Marie McCarthy

We recently found that plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2))-regulated filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization was diminished in hyperinsulinemic cell culture models of insulin resistance. Here we delineated whether increased glucose flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) causes the PIP(2)/F-actin dysregulation and insulin resistance induced by hyperinsulinemia. Increased HBP activity was detected in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured under conditions closely resembling physiological hyperinsulinemia (5 nm insulin for 12 h) and in cells where HBP activity was amplified by 2 mm glucosamine (GlcN). Both the physiological hyperinsulinemia and experimental GlcN challenge induced comparable losses of PIP(2) and F-actin. In addition to protecting against …

Go to article

Factors Explaining Children's Responses To Intravenous Needle Insertions, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, Kirsten Hanrahan, M. Zimmerman, N. Westhus, S. Allen Oct 2011

Factors Explaining Children's Responses To Intravenous Needle Insertions, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, Kirsten Hanrahan, M. Zimmerman, N. Westhus, S. Allen

Ann Marie McCarthy

BACKGROUND: Previous research shows that numerous child, parent, and procedural variables affect children's distress responses to procedures. Cognitive-behavioral interventions such as distraction are effective in reducing pain and distress for many children undergoing these procedures. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this report was to examine child, parent, and procedural variables that explain child distress during a scheduled intravenous insertion when parents are distraction coaches for their children. METHODS: A total of 542 children, between 4 and 10 years of age, and their parents participated. Child age, gender, diagnosis, and ethnicity were measured by questions developed for this study. Standardized instruments were …

Go to article

Salivary Cortisol Responsivity To An Intravenous Catheter Insertion In Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Ann Mccarthy, Kirsten Hanrahan, L. Scott, N. Zemblidge, Charmaine Kleiber, M. Zimmerman Oct 2011

Salivary Cortisol Responsivity To An Intravenous Catheter Insertion In Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Ann Mccarthy, Kirsten Hanrahan, L. Scott, N. Zemblidge, Charmaine Kleiber, M. Zimmerman

Ann Marie McCarthy

OBJECTIVE: To compare salivary cortisol baseline levels and responsivity as well as behavioral distress to intravenous (IV) catheter insertions in 4- to 10-year-old children with (n = 29) and without (n = 339) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis from a sample of 542 children who participated in a multisite study on distraction. Data included were demographic variables, Pediatric Behavior Scale-30, Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised, and four salivary cortisol samples. RESULTS: Home samples from the ADHD group revealed nonsignificant but higher cortisol levels than the non-ADHD group. However, on the clinic day, the ADHD group …

Go to article

Issues Of Medication Administration And Control In Iowa Schools, K. Farris, Ann Mccarthy, M. Kelly, D. Clay, J. Gross Oct 2011

Issues Of Medication Administration And Control In Iowa Schools, K. Farris, Ann Mccarthy, M. Kelly, D. Clay, J. Gross

Ann Marie McCarthy

Who is responsible for medication administration at school? To answer this question, a descriptive, self-administered survey was mailed to a random sample of 850 school principals in Iowa. The eight-page, 57-item, anonymous survey was mailed first class, and a follow-up reminder post card was mailed two weeks later. Descriptive analyses were conducted, with type of respondent (principal versus school nurse), grade level, and size of school examined to explore differences. A 46.6% response rate was obtained; 97% of respondents indicated their schools had written guidelines for medication administration. Principals (41%) and school nurses (34%) reported that they have the ultimate …

Go to article

The Early Bird Does Not Get The Worm: Time-Of-Day Effects On College Students' Basic Cognitive Processing, P. Allen, J. Grabbe, Ann Mccarthy, A. Bush, B. Wallace Oct 2011

The Early Bird Does Not Get The Worm: Time-Of-Day Effects On College Students' Basic Cognitive Processing, P. Allen, J. Grabbe, Ann Mccarthy, A. Bush, B. Wallace

Ann Marie McCarthy

We conducted a neuropsychological and cognitive assessment study to determine whether time of day affects cognitive performance. We measured executive control (fluency), processing speed, semantic memory, and episodic memory performance. We followed 56 students across 3 different times of day, testing performance on vocabulary, fluency, processing speed, and episodic memory. Results showed an advantage for fluency and digit symbol task performance in the afternoon and evening testing times relative to morning testing (regardless of testing order), but that time of day did not affect semantic or episodic memory performance. These results suggest that optimal executive functioning and processing speed may …

Go to article

Psychological Screening Of Children For Participation In Nontherapeutic Invasive Research, Ann Mccarthy, L. Richman, R. Hoffman, L. Rubenstein Oct 2011

Psychological Screening Of Children For Participation In Nontherapeutic Invasive Research, Ann Mccarthy, L. Richman, R. Hoffman, L. Rubenstein

Ann Marie McCarthy

BACKGROUND: The need for children to participate in research has raised concerns about ethical issues surrounding their participation. OBJECTIVES: To describe a protocol of preresearch psychological screening and postresearch outcomes and to present the results of the screening process for a nontherapeutic, invasive research study. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study carried out at The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight children (mean age, 10.6 years) were screened, with 4 not completing the research study and another 4 unavailable for psychological follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prescreening interviews with parent and child and screening measures of appropriate child …

Go to article

Development Of The Distraction Coaching Index, Charmaine Kleiber, Ann Mccarthy, Kirsten Hanrahan, L. Myers, N. Weathers Oct 2011

Development Of The Distraction Coaching Index, Charmaine Kleiber, Ann Mccarthy, Kirsten Hanrahan, L. Myers, N. Weathers

Ann Marie McCarthy

Children's distress during medical procedures can be decreased when professionals or parents provide distraction coaching, but the quality of distraction may contribute to the variation in the results. This article describes the development of the Distraction Coaching Index (DCI), a tool for measuring the quality and frequency of distraction coaching. Nominal group technique and consensus agreement were used for concept clarification and development of behavioral indicators and descriptors. Videotapes of untrained parents, trained parents, and expert professional coaches, who provided distraction to children (4-10 years old) undergoing peripheral intravenous catheter insertion, were used to assess interrater reliability and construct validity. …

Go to article

Chronic Headaches In Children, Ann Mccarthy Oct 2011

Chronic Headaches In Children, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Normative Salivary Cortisol Values And Responsivity In Children, Ann Mccarthy, Kirsten Hanrahan, Charmaine Kleiber, M. Zimmerman, S. Lutgendorf, E. Tsalikian Oct 2011

Normative Salivary Cortisol Values And Responsivity In Children, Ann Mccarthy, Kirsten Hanrahan, Charmaine Kleiber, M. Zimmerman, S. Lutgendorf, E. Tsalikian

Ann Marie McCarthy

This was a descriptive study on normative salivary cortisol values and responsivity to a hospital clinic visit and an intravenous (IV) procedure in children. The study presented was a subproject of a primary research study that examined parents coaching their children requiring an IV placement in the use of distraction. One measure of child response in the primary study, salivary cortisol, was included to further our understanding of children's physiologic response to stressful and painful stimuli. Salivary cortisol samples were obtained from 384 children aged between 4 and 10 years upon arrival to the clinic and 20 minutes after their …

Go to article

School Nurses' Experiences, Concerns, And Knowledge Of Growth Disorders In Children: Development Of A Monograph, Janet Williams, Ann Mccarthy, H. Bragadottir, D. Reed Oct 2011

School Nurses' Experiences, Concerns, And Knowledge Of Growth Disorders In Children: Development Of A Monograph, Janet Williams, Ann Mccarthy, H. Bragadottir, D. Reed

Ann Marie McCarthy

Growth disorders may be associated with difficult psychosocial adjustment, learning problems, and specific health risks. Appropriate school health programming relies on school nurses who are skilled in growth assessment, management of psychosocial and behavioral problems, and effective communication with school personnel, children, families, and health care resources. A monograph and model individualized healthcare plans were developed for growth disorders in school-age children as an educational resource for school nurses. Knowledge of growth disorders among nurses receiving the monograph was evaluated in a random sample of 336 school nurses, members of the National Association of School Nurses. Knowledge of growth assessment …

Go to article

Predictors Of Topical Anesthetic Effectiveness In Children, Charmaine Kleiber, D. Schutte, Ann Mccarthy, M. Floria-Santos, J. Murray, Kirsten Hanrahan Oct 2011

Predictors Of Topical Anesthetic Effectiveness In Children, Charmaine Kleiber, D. Schutte, Ann Mccarthy, M. Floria-Santos, J. Murray, Kirsten Hanrahan

Ann Marie McCarthy

Some children report significant pain with peripheral intravenous catheter (IV) insertion, despite the appropriate use of topical lidocaine anesthetics. This analysis of data from an existing study identified factors related to variation in topical anesthetic effectiveness used for IV insertion. The children (n = 218) in this investigation were 4 to 10 years old and undergoing a scheduled IV insertion. Inclusion criteria were (1) topical anesthetic was used according to manufacturer's recommendations, (2) DNA material was available, and (3) child completed a self-report measure of pain intensity (Oucher scale). Low pain phenotype was defined as a pain intensity score of …

Go to article

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Physical Comorbidity Among Female Children And Adolescents: Results From Service-Use Data, J. Seng, S. Graham-Bermann, M. Clark, Ann Mccarthy, D. Ronis Oct 2011

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Physical Comorbidity Among Female Children And Adolescents: Results From Service-Use Data, J. Seng, S. Graham-Bermann, M. Clark, Ann Mccarthy, D. Ronis

Ann Marie McCarthy

Objective. In adults, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with adverse health outcomes and high medical utilization and cost. PTSD is twice as common in women and is associated with increased risk for a range of diseases, chronic conditions, and reproductive-health problems. Little is known about the health effects of PTSD in children. The purpose of this study was to explore patterns of physical comorbidity in female children and adolescents with PTSD by using population data. Methods. This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiologic case-control analysis of a Midwestern state's Medicaid eligibility and paid-claims data for girls (0-8 years old) …

Go to article

The Institute Of Pediatric Nursing: A Unified Voice, Ann Mccarthy, Ann Sperhac Oct 2011

The Institute Of Pediatric Nursing: A Unified Voice, Ann Mccarthy, Ann Sperhac

Ann Marie McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Migraine Headaches In Children: Treatment, Ann Mccarthy, J. Mehegan Oct 2011

Migraine Headaches In Children: Treatment, Ann Mccarthy, J. Mehegan

Ann Marie McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Evidence-Based Pediatric Pain Management In Emergency Departments Of A Rural State, Charmaine Kleiber, C. Jennissen, Ann Mccarthy, T. Ansley Oct 2011

Evidence-Based Pediatric Pain Management In Emergency Departments Of A Rural State, Charmaine Kleiber, C. Jennissen, Ann Mccarthy, T. Ansley

Ann Marie McCarthy

Evidence-based pediatric pain management (EBPPM) has been identified as a practice too often overlooked in Emergency Departments (EDs). Studies show EBPPM is practiced inconsistently in urban EDs, and even less is known about the practice in rural EDs. The objectives of this study were: A) Determine the frequencies with which specific EBPPM practices are used in EDs of a primarily rural state; and B) Explore the differences in EBPPM practice in Critical Access, rural, and urban hospital EDs. A web-based survey, measuring the use of 14 EBPPM practices, was offered to all licensed independent providers (Medical Doctors, Doctors of Osteopathy, …

Go to article

Evidence-Based Practice And School Nursing, S. Adams, Ann Mccarthy Oct 2011

Evidence-Based Practice And School Nursing, S. Adams, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

School nurses need to demonstrate that their practice is based on the best evidence available, which is usually data obtained from research. Evidence-based practice involves combining the best evidence available with nursing expertise and patient and family preferences to determine optimum care. Evidence-based practice guidelines are developed by carefully reviewing the available evidence on a topic and synthesizing this information into recommendations for practice. This article defines evidence-based practice and best evidence, describes the development of evidence-based practice guidelines, discusses factors that affect the use of research and evidence-based practice guidelines in school nursing, and reviews current sources of evidence-based …

Go to article

The Child With Leukemia: In A Special Hematology Clinic, G. Foley, Ann Mccarthy Oct 2011

The Child With Leukemia: In A Special Hematology Clinic, G. Foley, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

A Conceptual Model Of Factors Influencing Children's Responses To A Painful Procedure When Parents Are Distraction Coaches, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber Oct 2011

A Conceptual Model Of Factors Influencing Children's Responses To A Painful Procedure When Parents Are Distraction Coaches, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber

Ann Marie McCarthy

The purpose of this article is to present a model of factors that may influence a child's response to a painful procedure when parents are distraction coaches during the procedure. Nonpharmacological interventions, in particular, distraction, and parents as coaches for their children during procedures are discussed. A conceptual model is presented that illustrates the multiple factors and their possible relationships. A selected review of studies is provided that supports the inclusion of these factors in the model. The model and literature review focus on three major areas: characteristics of the child, characteristics of the parent, and procedural variables. The model …

Go to article

Impact Of Parent-Provided Distraction On Child Responses To An Iv Insertion, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, Kirsten Hanrahan, M. Zimmerman, N. Westhus, S. Allen Oct 2011

Impact Of Parent-Provided Distraction On Child Responses To An Iv Insertion, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, Kirsten Hanrahan, M. Zimmerman, N. Westhus, S. Allen

Ann Marie McCarthy

This study evaluates the impact of parent-provided distraction on children's responses (behavioral, physiological, parent, and self-report) during an IV insertion. Participants were 542 children, 4 to 10 years old, randomized to an experimental group that received a parent distraction coaching intervention or to routine care. Experimental group children had significantly less cortisol responsivity (p = .026). Children that received the highest level of distraction coaching had the lowest distress on behavioral, parent report, and cortisol measures. When parents provide a higher frequency and quality of distraction, children have lower distress responses on most measures.

Go to article

A Healthy Lifestyle Program: Promoting Child Health In Schools, A. Wehling Weepie, Ann Mccarthy Oct 2011

A Healthy Lifestyle Program: Promoting Child Health In Schools, A. Wehling Weepie, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

The problem of overweight children is an increasing public health concern in the United States. Many children today consume diets that are high in fat, lack regular physical activity, and receive minimal amounts of nutrition education at school. School-based education about nutrition and healthy lifestyles provides an opportunity for intervention with all children. A program for 4th- and 5th-grade students was designed to increase the student's knowledge about nutrition and healthy lifestyles. After implementation of the program, there was a significant increase in student knowledge of nutrition and healthy lifestyles as determined by a pretest and posttest evaluation. The results …

Go to article

Racial Gaps In Child Health Insurance Coverage In Four South American Countries: The Role Of Wealth, Human Capital, And Other Household Characteristics, G. Wehby, J. Murray, Ann Mccarthy, E. Castilla Oct 2011

Racial Gaps In Child Health Insurance Coverage In Four South American Countries: The Role Of Wealth, Human Capital, And Other Household Characteristics, G. Wehby, J. Murray, Ann Mccarthy, E. Castilla

Ann Marie McCarthy

Objective. To evaluate the extent of racial gaps in child health insurance coverage in South America and study the contribution of wealth, human capital, and other household characteristics to accounting for racial disparities in insurance coverage. Data Sources/Study Setting. Primary data collected between 2005 and 2006 in 30 pediatric practices in Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, and Chile. Design. Country-specific regression models are used to assess differences in insurance coverage by race. A decomposition model is used to quantify the extent to which wealth, human capital, and other household characteristics account for racial disparities in insurance coverage. Data Collection/Extraction Methods. In-person interviews …

Go to article

School Nurses' Experiences With Medication Administration, M. Kelly, Ann Mccarthy, M. Mordhorst Oct 2011

School Nurses' Experiences With Medication Administration, M. Kelly, Ann Mccarthy, M. Mordhorst

Ann Marie McCarthy

This article reports school nurses' experiences with medication administration through qualitative analyses of a written survey and focus groups. From a random sample of 1000 members of the National Association of School Nurses, 649 (64.9%) school nurses completed the survey. The quantitative data from the survey were presented previously. However, 470 respondents provided written comments on the survey. Comments on the eight items that had the most written comments were qualitatively analyzed. In addition, to clarify information obtained from the surveys, two focus groups with local school nurses were conducted. A constant comparative method of analysis was used, and results …

Go to article

Cognitive Behavioral Pain And Anxiety Interventions In Pediatric Oncology Centers And Bone Marrow Transplant Units, Ann Mccarthy, V. Cool, M. Petersen, D. Bruene Oct 2011

Cognitive Behavioral Pain And Anxiety Interventions In Pediatric Oncology Centers And Bone Marrow Transplant Units, Ann Mccarthy, V. Cool, M. Petersen, D. Bruene

Ann Marie McCarthy

Although research conducted on the treatment of pain and anxiety in children has found a number of cognitive behavioral interventions to be effective, it is not known to what extent this research has been put into practice. The purpose of this project was to obtain information on the use of cognitive behavioral interventions to help children and families cope with the pain and anxiety experienced during lumbar punctures and bone marrow aspirations. In this descriptive study, 15 Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Units and 32 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Centers from across the country were surveyed using a questionnaire developed to obtain information …

Go to article

Children's Responses To Sequential Versus Simultaneous Immunization Injections, M. Horn, Ann Mccarthy Oct 2011

Children's Responses To Sequential Versus Simultaneous Immunization Injections, M. Horn, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare distress behaviors and perceptions of distress in 4- to 6-year-old children who received two immunization injections simultaneously with those in children who received their immunizations sequentially. METHOD: This experimental study used a convenience sample of 46 children scheduled for pre-kindergarten examinations. The children were randomly assigned to either a sequential injection or a simultaneous injection group. Direct observation and videotapes were made of the children's behaviors before and after injection. Distress behaviors were analyzed with the Observation Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised, and perceptions of distress were obtained from both children (with …

Go to article

A Policy Change Strategy For Head Lice Management, K. Andresen, Ann Mccarthy Oct 2011

A Policy Change Strategy For Head Lice Management, K. Andresen, Ann Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

The purpose of this project was to formulate an effective change strategy for head lice management in a group of five separate school districts within one county. Despite a desire to use evidence to support their practice, school nurses often encounter educational system barriers that prevent independent management of health conditions. The use of collaborative community relationships, identification of underlying hierarchy structures in school policy development, and targeted system education were the catalysts for changing beliefs and ultimately policy within these school districts. The focus of this project was to develop a policy change strategy for head lice. The strategy …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last