Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Comparative Analysis Of Hiv/Aids In France And The United States: Historical Context And Preventative Actions, Rebecca A. Liebsack

Honors Theses

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is the result of transmission of a zoonotic disease known as simian immunodeficiency virus. The pandemic has had profound social and economic consequences and continues to be present today. France and the United States’ response to the discovery of HIV will be compared and the impact that HIV/AIDS had on their countries and future responses. They had rather similar responses, however, the United States had a slower initial response compared to France. Both had similar takeaways such as aiming at improving prevention and utilizing tactics developed during the start of the pandemic like frequent testing and vaccines.

Cmv Retinitis: An Expert’S Perspective, Caitlyn Kwun, Ba

inSIGHT

Uveitis is a rare inflammatory disease with a prevalence of around 38 per 100,000 people and is the overall 5th leading cause of blindness in the developed world.^1,2 Uveitis is most commonly found in patients younger than 40 years of age, but it can occur in any age group with an etiology that varies within each age demographic.^1,3 While the etiology of certain forms of uveitis are not fully understood, there are some that are autoimmune in nature and others that are associated with systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis.⁴ Uveitis may be inflammatory or infectious. It may …

Exploring Disparities In Prep Prescriptions For High-Risk Hiv Patients Using Real-World Data, Andrew Murdock, Farah Pathan, Sibyl Munson, Fabian D'Souza

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

Association Of Pnpla3, Tm6sf2 And Hsd17b13 Variants With Nafld Risk In Hiv And Non-Hiv Individuals, Varis Ruamviboonsuk

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has multiple risk factors, including genetic risk factors. Patients with certain genetic variants are more susceptible to the disease. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have higher prevalence of NAFLD compared to those without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, the evidence on genetic factors in PLWH with NAFLD is limited. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether carriers of PNPLA3 rs738409, TM6SF2 rs58542926, and HSD17B13 rs6834314 had association with the risk of NAFLD, and whether PLWH with NAFLD also had similar genetic risk factors as those with NAFLD alone. Methods: These single …

Case Of Rosai Dorfman Disease In A Patient With Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma, Liza Salloum, Jennifer Rojas Huen, Ricardo Serna, Alisha Valdez

Research Symposium

Background: Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, classified into nodal (classic) and extranodal disease. Most patients present with non-tender cervical lymphadenopathy, although other sites including the inguinal and axillary regions have been reported. Extranodal disease (~43% of cases) can involve any organ system. RDD is more common in children, but cases have been reported in patients in their 70s. The prognosis of nodal RDD can correlate with the number of nodal groups involved. Many cases can be managed only with observation, although surgery, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators have …

Vaccine Hesitancy Among Youth Living With Hiv In Detroit, Madeline B. Simone

Medical Student Research Symposium

Vaccine hesitancy among youth with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was evaluated to determine if the pandemic affected vaccine acceptance. A retrospective chart review was conducted to analyze vaccine rates over a five-year (pre-post COVID) in one university-based clinic. Results indicated a variation in acceptance rates between vaccines, with the MenACWY, MenB, tetanus, and HPV having the highest acceptance rates and COVID-19 and annual flu vaccine having the lowest acceptance rates. Vaccine hesitancy did not correlate with HIV treatment hesitancy nor with aversion to needles. Negative messaging around vaccines from a variety of sources appeared to be the primary factor in …

Ikaros Expression Drives The Aberrant Metabolic Phenotype Of Macrophages In Chronic Hiv Infection, Cecilia Vittori, Celeste Faia, Dorota Wyczechowska, Amber Trauth, Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff, Mary Meyaski-Schluter, Krzysztof Reiss, Francesca Peruzzi

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The increased risk for acquiring secondary illnesses in people living with HIV (PLWH) has been associated with immune dysfunction. We have previously found that circulating monocytes from PLWH display a trained phenotype. Here, we evaluated the metabolic profile of these cells and found increased mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from PLWH. We additionally found that cART shifted the energy metabolism of MDMs from controls toward increased utilization of mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, both downregulation of IKAROS expression and inhibition of the mTOR pathway reversed the metabolic profile of MDMs from PLWH and cART-treated control-MDMs. Altogether, this study reveals …

Exploring The Willingness Toward Hiv Immediate Test And Treat Among Msm In Nairobi And Its Environs: A Cross-Sectional Study., Kingori Ndungu, Peter Gichanga, Marleen Temmerman

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background: In the test and treat initiative, high-risk populations are screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and start early treatment if diagnosed positive. This study explores factors associated with willingness to initiate testing and immediate treatment among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nairobi and its environs. The study was informed by a conceptual framework combining the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) and the Modified Social Ecological Model.

Methods: This cross-sectional exploratory study targeted MSM (aged 18–60 years) reporting active engagement in anal or oral sex with men in Nairobi and its surrounding areas. Purposive sampling was …

Proposing An Rna Interference (Rnai)-Based Treatment For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Infection By Analyzing The Post-Transcriptional Gene Targeting Of Sars-Cov-2, Hepatitis C Virus, And A549 Lung Cancer Cells, Arjun Jagdeesh

Auctus: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects CD4⁺ T cell lymphocytes in humans, leading to the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. While current treatment methods, including antiretroviral combination treatments, effectively limit HIV replication, HIV can evade these treatments due to its high mutation rate. Long-term antiretroviral treatment can also be toxic to patients, meaning patients would benefit from a new mechanism of HIV treatment. RNA interference (RNAi) is an antiviral pathway found in mammals, plants, and insects that involves a small-interfering RNA that is incorporated into a protein complex called the RNA-induced Silencing …

Bridging The Gap For Hiv Education In Primary Care Setting, Oregon Mcdiarmid, Lindsay Porter

North Texas Research Forum 2024

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 Prevention, Testing, And Treatment Seeking Among People Who Inject Drugs (Pwid) On The Us Mexico Border, Jorge Raul Puentes

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the negative social determinants of health that affect medically underserved people who inject drugs (PWID) inhibiting their access to services, promoting infectious disease acquisition such as HIV and HCV, and overdose rates. The effects of the pandemic were more pronounced among Latino PWID communities. Participants of this study are 194 PWID residing in El Paso, Texas, and Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua along the US-Mexico border. Cross-sectional surveys were administered assessing environmental risk factors that impact COVID-19 acquisition and engagement in preventive behaviors. The purpose of this secondary data analysis study was to describe the …

The Perpetuation Of Hiv Risk In Latinx Immigrations: A Cross-National Perspective, J. M. Aleman

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Research indicates that migration is a social determinant of health that increases the risk of acquiring HIV. What is less understood, however, are the pathways through which immigration influences HIV risk. This study employed a cross-national perspective and utilized a social determinants of health framework to understand how structural factors, such as economic conditions and immigration policies and their enforcement, influence HIV risk among migrants. While mobility, migration and displacement are associated with increased HIV risk, they are not inherently the cause but rather a condition under which vulnerability is increased indicating that other distal, upstream, or structural forces are …

Hiv/Aids Research Symposium, College Of The Holy Cross

LGBTQIA Archive: Posters

Poster detailing planned events of the HIV/AIDS Research Symposium, held November 29-December 2, 2023 at the College of the Holy Cross. In observance of the 35th World AIDS Day, the Holy Cross LGBTQ+ Alumni Network and a multidisciplinary faculty team invited a broad ranging conversation about the historical and current impact and intersection of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on both the Holy Cross community and the wider world.

In Vivo Treatment With Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Reduces Ccr5 Expression On Vaccine-Induced Activated Cd4+ T-Cells, Massimiliano Bissa, Veronica Galli, Luca Schifanella, Monica Vaccari, Mohammad Arif Rahman, Giacomo Gorini, Nicolò Binello, Sarkis Sarkis, Anna Gutowska, Isabela Silva De Castro, Melvin N. Doster, Ramona Moles, Guido Ferrari, Xiaoying Shen, Georgia D. Tomaras, David C. Montefiori, Kombo F. N’Guessan, Dominic Paquin-Proulx, Pamela A. Kozlowski, David J. Venzon, Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba, Matthew W. Breed, Joshua Kramer, Genoveffa Franchini

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

At the heart of the DNA/ALVAC/gp120/alum vaccine’s efficacy in the absence of neutralizing antibodies is a delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses that effectively decreases the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition in macaques. Vaccine efficacy is linked to antibodies recognizing the V2 helical conformation, DC-10 tolerogenic dendritic cells eliciting the clearance of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis, and CCR5 downregulation on vaccine-induced gut homing CD4+ cells. RAS activation is also linked to vaccine efficacy, which prompted the testing of IGF-1, a potent inducer of RAS activation with vaccination. We found that IGF-1 changed the hierarchy of V1/V2 epitope recognition and …

A Retrospective Study: Can Dual Art Mitigate The Risk Of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions Among Plwh Under Stable Art?, Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya, Fatma Ni̇sa Balli, Emre Kara, Sali̇h Kutay Demi̇rkan, Serhat Ünal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are getting older. Age-related comorbidities in PLWH result in polypharmacy and increase the risk for potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs). This study aimed to evaluate how the rate of pDDIs would change if the treatment of patients receiving different combined antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) were theoretically changed with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG+3TC) or cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB+RPV). Materials and methods: This study was conducted at the infectious disease outpatient clinic of a university hospital as a follow-up of a previous study. The data of PLWH receiving at least 1 comedication other than antiretrovirals (ARVs) were retrospectively reviewed and …

Awareness And Acceptability Of Monkeypox Vaccine In Men Who Have Sex With Men, Arda Karapinar, Damla Akdağ, Ayşe Deni̇z Gökengi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To determine the knowledge about and acceptance level of monkeypox vaccine in men who have sex with men (MSM). Materials and methods: A 14-item questionnaire, developed by the European Centers for Disease Control (ECDC), was presented online to MSM, aged ?18 years old, via smartphone applications (Grindr and Hornet), between June 30th and August 12th, 2022. Results: Of the 737 participants who completed the survey, 678 were born in Türkiye and 59 were migrants/visitors born in different countries. All of the participants were living in Türkiye. The median age was 31 (range 18?68) years. Overall, 21.9% were HIV-positive, 94.9% …

Ka“Posing” A Problem In An Already Problematic Situation: A Case Of Kaposi’S Sarcoma In Hiv, Khairiya Haj-Yahya, Rodolfo Singleterry

Research Colloquium

The progression of HIV to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by a CD4 cell-count below 200, and/or the development of an AIDS-defining illness. Kaposi’s sarcoma is a malignant tumor that manifests as violaceous skin lesions, occurring predominately in immunosuppressed patients.

Patient is a 37-year-old male with no past medical history who presented with a 4-month history of rapid, unintentional 60lbs weight loss and worsening dysphagia. He further noted multiple dark purple, raised skin lesions on his back and extremities appearing 9 months ago. Patient was uninsured and without a primary care physician. Labs revealed elevated monocytes and a dangerously …

Building The “Crypt” Through Non-Compliance: A Case Of Cryptococcal Meningitis In An Aids Patient, Rodolfo Singleterry, Khairiya Haj-Yahya

Research Colloquium

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 10-25% of hospital admissions result from patient noncompliance. This is a complex issue that has vast ripple effects as it not only worsens outcomes for patients but places a strain on the healthcare system entirely. In patients with HIV/AIDS, compliance with Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is necessary to prevent a host of potentially lethal infections.

A 33-year-old female with AIDS, presented to the ED complaining of nausea and vomiting for seven days. Throughout her hospital stay, the patient was regarded as medically noncompliant with daily episodes of refusing medications, hiding pills in her …

P16 Expression And Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia After Cryotherapy Among Women Living With Hiv, Daniel Maina, Michael H. Chung, Marleen Temmerman, Zahir Moloo, Jonathan Wawire, Sharon A. Greene, Elizabeth Unger, Shahin Sayed, Samah Sakr, Nelly Mugo

Pathology, East Africa

Background: The expression of p16 protein, a surrogate marker for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), is associated with cervical dysplasia. We evaluated correlates of p16 expression at treatment for high-grade cervical lesions and its utility in predicting the recurrence of cervical intraepithelial lesions grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) following cryotherapy among women with HIV.

Methods: This is a subgroup analysis of women with HIV in Kenya with baseline cervical biopsy-confirmed CIN2+ who were randomized to receive cryotherapy and followed every six-months for two-years for biopsy-confirmed recurrence of CIN2+. P16 immunohistochemistry was performed on the baseline cervical biopsy with a positive result …

Manajemen Koinfeksi Malaria Berat Dengan Hiv Belum Mendapat Terapi Antiretrovirus Di Era Pandemi Covid-19: Sebuah Laporan Kasus, Paul Harijanto, Rosye Mawuntu, Novia Rusli, Randy Adiwinata, Agung Nugroho

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Severe malaria is a serious infectious disease that required immediate diagnosis and prompt treatment. Severe malaria may result several organ failures which is similar with other infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2, sepsis, dengue, and HIV infection. Most of those infection have similar symptoms such as fever, myalgia, and headache, therefore physician should have high suspicion regarding co-infection with other infectious agents. The overlapping symptoms of co-infections may become a challenge for physician in diagnosing and delivering prompt therapy. Failure to deliver prompt treatment may lead to fatal outcome such as in severe malaria case. Stigmatization of all patients with fever and …

Determination Of Hfe C282y Mutation And Its Association With The Iron Status And Viral Load In Hiv Patients From Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Juan Carlos Hernández, Marisol Rosas Díaz, Esperanza Milagros García Oropesa, Santos Graciela Montemayor Beltrán, Juana Díaz García, Imelda Ramírez Puente

Research Symposium

Background: The HFE protein has a fundamental role in iron homeostasis, the HFE C282Y mutation prevents the specific function of the protein, causing greater intestinal absorption of iron and intracellular accumulation. The HIV virus causes a disease that attacks the cells of the immune system, mainly CD 4 T lymphocytes inducing their destruction and immunosuppression of the patient. Some viruses have the ability to disrupt cellular metabolic processes during their own replication, such is the case of HIV-1, which is involved in alteration of iron metabolism resulting in an overload of iron.

Methods: An exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and prolective study …

Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome In Hiv Patients Under Antiretroviral Treatment In Capasits From Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Gala Alondra Mireles Contreras, Anabel Alonso Bocanegra, Juan Carlos Martinez Hernandez, Jose Francisco Flores Gomez, Esperanza Milagros Garcia Oropesa

Research Symposium

Introduction: Highly effective antiretroviral therapy has been demonstrated a decrease in morbidity, mortality, life expectancy and quality of life of HIV-infected patients. However, HIV-infected persons, over time of receiving antiretroviral treatment, may develop different metabolic disorders, such as adipose tissue, lipid metabolism and the development of arterial hypertension, increase in BMI, decrease in HDL cholesterol and insulin resistance which can with lead to the development of metabolic syndrome. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, the sample consisted of 122 HIV patients on ART. All patients signed an informed consent form. Sociodemographic data and clinical history were collected. Subsequently, …

Exploring Opportunities To Expand And Improve Prep Uptake In Vulnerable Us Communities., Pedro B. Carneiro

Dissertations and Theses

The implementation of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the United States has fallen short of meeting both 2020 and projected 2030 milestones, with less than one-third of those who would benefit most from PrEP choosing to initiate it. High discontinuation rates and persistently elevated HIV incidence underscore the need for improvement. However, opportunities exist to enhance PrEP uptake, supported by a growing pipeline of PrEP innovations. To achieve this, effective implementation of available tools to combat HIV and the inclusion of all communities as stakeholders are essential. One such tool is event-driven (ED) PrEP, also known as PrEP 2-1-1, which is …

Individual Difference Correlates Of Being Sexually Unrestricted Yet Declining An Hiv Test, Nicholas S. Holtzman, Stephen W. Carden, Stacy W. Smallwood, Janice Steirn, S. Mason Garrison

Department of Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications

Which individual differences accurately predict one’s decision to get tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and do individuals who have regular short-term sex get tested at higher rates? Two studies—one lab study (total valid N = 69, with n = 20 who were tested) and one involving a student health center (valid N = 250, n = 4 who were tested)—involved participants (total valid N = 319, with n = 24 who got tested) taking a number of personality and individual difference measures, including the dark triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). Then, in both studies, participants had the opportunity to …

Chronic Illness Education 2023: Increasing Mental Health Resource Availability For Hiv Positive Youth, Abrielle Fretz, Peter Nolan, Daphne Pate, Cassandra Pecarski, Trisha Ray, Anusha Vavilikolanu, Zachary Vaishampayan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2023: Increasing Prevention And Knowledge Of Hiv Among At-Risk Youth In The Metro Detroit Area, Carly Abrahams, Nicholas Apostolakis, Angelica Cabatu, Era Cobani, Curtis Mack, Michal Ruprecht, Zachary Vaishampayan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Comparative Polar And Lipid Plasma Metabolomics Differentiate Kshv Infection And Disease States, Sara R. Privatt, Camila Pereira Braga, Alicia Johnson, Salum J. Lidenge, Luke Berry, John R. Ngowi, Owen Ngalamika, Andrew G. Chapple, Julius Mwaiselage, Charles Wood, John T. West, Jiri Adamec

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a neoplastic disease etiologically associated with infection by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS manifests primarily as cutaneous lesions in individuals due to either age (classical KS), HIV infection (epidemic KS), or tissue rejection preventatives in transplantation (iatrogenic KS) but can also occur in individuals, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), lacking any obvious immune suppression (endemic KS). The high endemicity of KSHV and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) co-infection in Africa results in KS being one of the top 5 cancers there. As with most viral cancers, infection with KSHV alone is insufficient to induce tumorigenesis. …

Prevalence And Trends Of Advanced Hiv Disease Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve And Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Patients In South Africa Between 2010-2021: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Marcel K Kitenge, Geoffrey Fatti, Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Omololu Aluko, Peter Nyasulu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Despite the significant progress made in South Africa in getting millions of individuals living with HIV into care, many patients still present or re-enter care with Advanced HIV Disease (AHD). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of AHD among ART-naive and ART-experienced patients in South Africa using studies published between January 2010 and May 2022.

METHODS: We searched for relevant data on PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and other sources, with a geographical filters limited to South Africa, up to May 31, 2022. Two reviewers conducted all screening, eligibility assessment, data extraction, and critical appraisal. We synthesized the data using the …

The Grindr Complex: The Behavioral Health Impact Of Sexual Racism On Latinx Men Who Have Sex With Men, Luisalfredo Plascencia

Doctoral Dissertations

Given the social history surrounding the issue of HIV/AIDS in the LGBTQ+ community and the unique and intersectional experiences that Latinx Men who have Sex Men (MSM) have in their community, this dissertation’s research will contribute to the growing work on sexual racism and how it correlates with various elements of behavioral health. The study investigated the moderation impact of Latinx cultural values of caballerismo and familismo on the relationship between experiences sexual racism to mental health symptoms. The study also examined the moderation of caballerismo and familismo and psychological flexibility on the relationship between experiences of sexual racism to …

Unknown Rectal Lesions: A Case Of Severe Proctitis Secondary To Mpox In The Setting Of Concomitant Hiv, Syphilis, Hsv, And Chlamydia, Nicole Robertson Mph, James Crosby Do, Cynthia R. Young Md, Msc, Anne E. Sayers Md, Nicholas J. Van Sickles Md

ePublications of Emerging Medical Research Scholars

Introduction:

Mpox emerged as a public health crisis with limited research describing co-occurring HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We present a case of severe proctitis secondary to Mpox with concomitant HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), syphilis, HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus), and chlamydia and review presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Mpox with concurrent STIs.

Case Presentation:

34-year-old male living with HIV (LWH) presenting with worsening rectal pain, multiple anal papules, and fever. His laboratory workup revealed simultaneous positive results for orthopoxvirus, chlamydia, and HSV-1 PCR. We initiated tecovirimat due to rectal involvement and uncontrolled pain. He subsequently developed lesions on …