Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Short-Term, Progressive Exercise Training On Disease Activity In Smouldering Multiple Myeloma And Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance: A Single-Arm Pilot Study, A. Emery, S. Moore, J. Crowe, J. Murray, O. Peacock, D. Thompson, F. Betts, S. Rapps, L. Ross, D. Rothschild-Rodriguez, A. A. Echarri, R. Davies, R. Lewis, D. X. Augustine, A. Whiteway, Z. Afzal, J. L. J. Heaney, M. T. Drayson, J. E. Turner, John P. Campbell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: High levels of physical activity are associated with reduced risk of the blood cancer multiple myeloma (MM). MM is preceded by the asymptomatic stages of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM) which are clinically managed by watchful waiting. A case study (N = 1) of a former elite athlete aged 44 years previously indicated that a multi-modal exercise programme reversed SMM disease activity. To build from this prior case study, the present pilot study firstly examined if short-term exercise training was feasible and safe for a group of MGUS and SMM patients, and secondly …

Use Of A Primary Care Dataset To Describe ‘The Real Picture’ Of Diabetes In Kimberley Aboriginal Communities, Caitlyn S. White, Kimberley Seear, Lorraine Anderson, Emma Griffiths

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Objective
Aboriginal communities are impacted by high rates of diabetes, however these are currently underestimated by national data sources used by policy and decision makers to inform allocation of health resources. We aimed to estimate diabetes prevalence and screening coverage using primary care electronic medical record data.

Methods
A cross-sectional audit was conducted using primary care data from Aboriginal regular Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS) clinic attendees aged 15 years and over (n=1763) in five remote communities in the Kimberley region. Main outcome measures were overall diabetes prevalence; age-specific diabetes prevalence; prevalence of pre-diabetes; and screening rates among patients …

Large Airway T Cells In Adults With Former Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Jing Gao, Petra Um-Bergström, Melvin Pourbazargan, Eva Berggren-Broström, Chuan X. Li, Heta Merikallio, Riitta Kaarteenaho, Nichole S. Reinke, Craig E. Wheelock, Erik Melén, Lindén Anders, Åsa M. Wheelock, Georgios Rassidakis, Cristian Ortiz-Villalon, Magnus C. Sköld

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in infants born prematurely is a risk factor for chronic airway obstruction later in life. The distribution of T cell subtypes in the large airways is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To characterize cellular and T cell profiles in the large airways of young adults with a history of BPD. METHODS: Forty-three young adults born prematurely (preterm (n = 20), BPD (n = 23)) and 45 full-term-born (asthma (n = 23), healthy (n = 22)) underwent lung function measurements, and bronchoscopy with large airway bronchial wash (BW). T-cells subsets in BW were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The proportions …

Living With Myocardial Ischaemia And No Obstructive Coronary Arteries: A Qualitative Study, Helen Humphreys, Danielle Paddock, Sarah Brown, Colin Berry, Aynsley Cowie, Susan Dawkes, Simon Nichols

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective To explore the lived experience of people with myocardial ischaemia with no obstructive arteries. Design Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Setting Telephone interviews with 17 participants living in the UK. Participants 17 people (2 males, 15 females; aged 31–69 years) with a presumed or confirmed diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia with no obstructive arteries, recruited via social media and online patient-led support forums. Results Five themes were generated. Theme 1 describes the wide range of experiences that participants described, particularly the frequency and intensity of symptoms, and the uncertainty and fear that symptoms commonly provoked. Theme 2 describes the major …

The Role Of Diet And Gut Microbiota In Alzheimer’S Disease, D. M.Sithara Dissanayaka, Vijay Jayasena, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Ralph N. Martins, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (A ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 million by the year 2050. Despite the increasing global prevalence of AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recent research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and the aggregation of A , the development of tau proteins, and the occurrence of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with AD. However, investigations into the gut–brain axis …

Editorial: Neurotoxins In Alzheimer's Disease And Other Dementias, Alexandre Henriques, Philippe L. L. Poindron, Binosha Fernando, Kevin N. Hascup

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a progressive decline in cognition and independence from activities of daily living. Dementia is multifactorial with numerous risk factors including age, genes, molecules, lifestyle, and environmental contributions to disease onset and progression. In recent years, an emerging focus on neurotoxins has added a new layer of complexity to our understanding of dementia. This editorial aims to discuss recent updates regarding the role of neurotoxins in the pathogenesis of dementia.

Quantifying Uptake And Completion Of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs In People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Known To Tertiary Care, Sarah Hug, Vinicius Cavalheri, Daniel F. Gucciardi, Kylie Hill

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: People with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRPs), but program attrition is common. Methods: For people with COPD who presented to tertiary care and appeared appropriate for a PRP, we prospectively mapped their PRP journey, explored factors influencing attendance to pre-program assessment and captured program attrition. Results: Of the 391 participants, 31% (95% CI 27 to 36) were referred to a PRP (n = 123; age 68 ± 10years, 62 males [50%], FEV1 45 ± 19%predicted). Of those referred, 94 (76% [69 to 84]) attended a pre-program assessment. Ex-smokers and those who had …

Co-Designing An Online Treatment Decision Aid For Men With Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: Navigate, Penelope Schofield, Amelia Hyatt, Alan White, Fiona White, Mark Frydenberg, Suzanne Chambers, Robert Gardiner, Declan G. Murphy, Lawrence Cavedon, Jeremy Millar, Natalie Richards, Barbara Murphy, Ilona Juraskova

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: To develop an online treatment decision aid (OTDA) to assist patients with low-risk prostate cancer (LRPC) and their partners in making treatment decisions. Patients and methods: Navigate, an OTDA for LRPC, was rigorously co-designed by patients with a confirmed diagnosis or at risk of LRPC and their partners, clinicians, researchers and website designers/developers. A theoretical model guided the development process. A mixed methods approach was used incorporating (1) evidence for essential design elements for OTDAs; (2) evidence for treatment options for LRPC; (3) an iterative co-design process involving stakeholder workshops and prototype review; and (4) expert rating using the …

A Systematic Review Of Dementia Research Priorities, Manonita Ghosh, Pelden Chejor, Melanie Baker, Davina Porock

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Patient involvement is a critical component of dementia research priority-setting exercises to ensure that research benefits are relevant and acceptable to those who need the most. This systematic review synthesises research priorities and preferences identified by people living with dementia and their caregivers. Methods: Guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, we conducted a systematic search in five electronic databases: CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus. The reference lists of the included studies were also manually searched. We combined quantitative and qualitative data for synthesis and descriptive thematic …

Association Between Physical Activity And Reduced Mortality In Inoperable Lung Cancer, Vinicius Cavalheri, Isis Grigoletto, Joanne Mcveigh, David Manners, Terry Boyle, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre, Rajesh Thomas, Jeanie Leong, Samantha Bowyer, Kirsten Mooney, Leon Straker, Daniel A. Galvão

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

We examined device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour at the time of diagnosis in people with inoperable lung cancer and investigated their associations with 12-month mortality. The people with inoperable lung cancer wore an accelerometer for seven days prior to the treatment commencement. The analysed PA/sedentary behaviour variables included light-intensity PA, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), step count, the total time spent sedentary, and the usual sedentary bout duration. The data on the disease stage, clinical covariates and 12-month mortality were extracted from medical records. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between the PA measures and 12-month mortality, …

Multi-Trajectories Of Triglyceride-Glucose Index And Lifestyle With Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study, Hui Zhou, Xiong Ding, Yulong Lan, Shuohua Chen, Shouling Wu, Dan Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Previous studies using trajectory models focused on examining the longitudinal changes in triglyceride-glucose (TyG) levels and lifestyle scores separately, without exploring the joint evolution of these two factors. This study aimed to identify the multi-trajectories of TyG levels and lifestyle scores and assess their association with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: The study enrolled 47,384 participants from three health surveys of the Kailuan Study. The TyG index was computed as Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2], and the lifestyle scores were derived from five factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and …

Alzheimer’S Disease Genetic Risk And Cognitive Reserve In Relationship To Long-Term Cognitive Trajectories Among Cognitively Normal Individuals, Corinne Pettigrew, Jurijs Nazarovs, Anja Soldan, Vikas Singh, Jiangxia Wang, Timothy Hohman, Logan Dumitrescu, Julia Libby, Brian Kunkle, Alden L. Gross, Sterling Johnson, Qiongshi Lu, Corinne Engelman, Colin L. Masters, Paul Maruff, Simon M. Laws, John C. Morris, Jason Hassenstab, Carlos Cruchaga, Susan M. Resnick, Melissa H. Kitner-Triolo, Yang An, Marilyn Albert

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) genetic risk factors and indices of cognitive reserve (CR) influence risk of cognitive decline, but it remains unclear whether they interact. This study examined whether a CR index score modifies the relationship between AD genetic risk factors and long-term cognitive trajectories in a large sample of individuals with normal cognition.

Methods:

Analyses used data from the Preclinical AD Consortium, including harmonized data from 5 longitudinal cohort studies. Participants were cognitively normal at baseline (M baseline age = 64 years, 59% female) and underwent 10 years of follow-up, on average. AD genetic risk was measured by …

Longitudinal Association Of Remnant Cholesterol With Joint Arteriosclerosis And Atherosclerosis Progression Beyond Ldl Cholesterol, Zhiyuan Wu, Jinqi Wang, Haiping Zhang, Huiying Pan, Zhiwei Li, Yue Liu, Xinlei Miao, Ze Han, Xiaoping Kang, Xia Li, Xiuhua Guo, Lixin Tao, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are closely related with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Remnant cholesterol (RC) could predict CVD. However, its effect on joint arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis progression remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association of RC with joint arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis progression trajectories in the general population. Methods: This study collected data across five biennial surveys of the Beijing Health Management Cohort from 2010 to 2019. Multi-trajectory model was used to determine the joint arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis progression patterns by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle brachial index (ABI). We also performed discordance analyses for RC vs. …

How Does Apolipoprotein E Genotype Influence The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Alzheimer’S Disease Risk? A Novel Integrative Model, Jaisalmer De Frutos Lucas, Kelsey R. Sewell, Alejandra García-Colomo, Shaun Markovic, Kirk I. Erickson, Belinda M. Brown

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Wide evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) confers protection against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). On the other hand, the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε₄ allele represents the greatest genetic risk factor for developing AD. Extensive research has been conducted to determine whether frequent PA can mitigate the increased AD risk associated with APOE ε₄. However, thus far, these attempts have produced inconclusive results. In this context, one possible explanation could be that the influence of the combined effect of PA and APOE ε₄ carriage might be dependent on the specific outcome measure utilised.

Main body:

In …

Mapk1 Promotes The Metastasis And Invasion Of Gastric Cancer As A Bidirectional Transcription Factor, Yue Wang, Zheng Guo, Yueli Tian, Liang Cong, Yulu Zheng, Zhiyuan Wu, Guangle Shan, Yao Xia, Yahong Zhu, Xingang Li, Ying Song

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) has both independent functions of phosphorylating histones as a kinase and directly binding the promoter regions of genes to regulate gene expression as a transcription factor. Previous studies have identified elevated expression of MAPK1 in human gastric cancer, which is associated with its role as a kinase, facilitating the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. However, how MAPK1 binds to its target genes as a transcription factor and whether it modulates related gene expressions in gastric cancer remains unclear. Results: Here, we integrated biochemical assays (protein interactions and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)), cellular …

Circulating Pre-Treatment T-Cell Receptor Repertoire As A Predictive Biomarker In Advanced Or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Pembrolizumab Alone Or In Combination With Chemotherapy, A. Abed, Aaron B. Beasley, Anna L. Reid, N. Law, L. Calapre, M. Millward, Johnny Lo, Elin S. Gray

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The circulating T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is a dynamic representation of overall immune responses in an individual. Materials and methods: We prospectively collected baseline blood from patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. TCR repertoire metrics were correlated with clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We built a logistic regression classifier by fitting all four TCR- repertoire metrics to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) CBR data. In the subsequent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the resulting logistic regression model probabilities, the best cut-off value was …

A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study Of Atherosclerosis And Dementia, Qiaoyun Zhang, Guangheng Wu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Sheng Wang, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The causality between atherosclerosis and dementia remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal effect of atherosclerosis related indicators on dementia risk based on two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was performed as the main analysis, supplemented by different sensitivity analyses. Suggestive evidence indicated that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (odds ratio (OR): 0.864, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.797–0.937), coronary atherosclerosis (CoAS) (OR: 0.927, 95% CI: 0.860–0.998) and atherosclerosis, excluding cerebral, coronary, and PAD (ATHSCLE) (OR: 0.812, 95% CI: 0.725–0.909) were inversely associated with the risk of AD. …

Time To Consider The Potential Role Of Alternative Resistance Training Methods In Cancer Management?, Francesco Bettariga, Chris Bishop, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Luca Maestroni, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer. Exercise improves health-related outcomes, including quality of life, neuromuscular strength, physical function, and body composition, and it is associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence and increased survival. Moreover, exercise during or post cancer treatments is safe, can ameliorate treatment-related side effects, and may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. To date, traditional resistance training (RT) is the most used RT modality in exercise oncology. However, alternative training modes, such as eccentric, cluster set, and blood flow restriction are gaining increased attention. These training modalities …

“Is My Brain Ever Going To Work Fully Again?”: Challenges And Needs Of Cancer Survivors With Persistent Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment, Darren Haywood, Evan Dauer, Frank D. Baughman, Blake J. Lawrence, Susan L. Rossell, Nicolas H. Hart, Moira O’Connor

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Many cancer survivors experience cognitive impairments that impact memory, concentration, speed of information processing, and decision making. These impairments, collectively known as cancer-related cognitive impairments (CRCIs), are a key domain of unmet needs and can significantly impact a cancer survivor’s identity and quality of life. However, there are no purpose-built, multi-domain, needs assessment tools specifically for CRCI. The development of such tools requires an in-depth understanding of cancer survivors’ CRCI-specific challenges and associated needs. This study explored the challenges and associated needs of cancer survivors with persistent CRCI. An in-depth qualitative design using semi-structured interviews with (a) cancer survivors with …

Abdominal Aortic Calcification, Bone Mineral Density And Fractures: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies, Abadi K. Gebre, Joshua R. Lewis, Kevin Leow, Pawel Szulc, David Scott, Peter R. Ebeling, Marc Sim, Germaine Wong, Wai H. Lim, John T. Schousboe, Douglas P. Kiel, Richard L. Prince, Alexander J. Rodriguez

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been inconsistently associated with skeletal health. We aimed to investigate the association of AAC with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk by pooling the findings of observational studies. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched (August 2021). All clinical studies that assessed the association between AAC and BMD or fracture were included. AAC was categorized into any/advanced (all higher reported groups) versus no/less advanced (lowest reported group). Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for BMD and fracture, respectively, using …

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomics Define The Natural History Of Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’S Disease, Erik C. B. Johnson, Shijia Bian, Rafi U. Haque, E. Kathleen Carter, Caroline M. Watson, Brian A. Gordon, Lingyan Ping, Duc M. Duong, Michael P. Epstein, Eric Mcdade, Nicolas R. Barthélemy, Celeste M. Karch, Chengjie Xiong, Carlos Cruchaga, Richard J. Perrin, Aliza P. Wingo, Thomas S. Wingo, Jasmeer P. Chhatwal, Gregory S. Day, James M. Noble, Sarah B. Berman, Ralph Martins, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Peter R. Schofield, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Hiroshi Mori, Johannes Levin, Martin Farlow, James J. Lah, Christian Haass, Mathias Jucker, John C. Morris, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Blaine R. Roberts, Randall J. Bateman, Anne M. Fagan, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Allan I. Levey, Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology develops many years before the onset of cognitive symptoms. Two pathological processes—aggregation of the amyloid- (A ) peptide into plaques and the microtubule protein tau into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)—are hallmarks of the disease. However, other pathological brain processes are thought to be key disease mediators of A plaque and NFT pathology. How these additional pathologies evolve over the course of the disease is currently unknown. Here we show that proteomic measurements in autosomal dominant AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) linked to brain protein coexpression can be used to characterize the evolution of AD pathology over a timescale …

Protocol: Can Coronary Artery Calcium Score Identified On Thoracic Planning Ct Scans Be Used And Actioned To Identify Cancer Survivors At High Risk Of Cardiac Events: A Feasibility Study In Cancer Survivors Undergoing Radiotherapy In Australia, Jack Dalla Via, Nina Stewart, Mary A. Kennedy, Daniel A. Cehic, Peter Purnell, Joanne Toohey, Jamie Morton, Sabashini K. Ramchand, Joshua R. Lewis, Yvonne Zissiadis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

INTRODUCTION: A coronary artery calcium (CAC) CT scan can identify calcified plaque and predict risk of future cardiac events. Cancer survivors undergoing thoracic radiotherapy routinely undergo a planning CT scan, which presents a unique opportunity to use already obtained medical imaging to identify those at the highest risk of cardiac events. While radiation therapy is an important modality for many cancer treatments, radiation dose to the heart in thoracic radiotherapy leads to cardiotoxicity and may accelerate pre-existing atherosclerosis. The primary aims of this study are to investigate the feasibility of using CAC scores calculated on thoracic radiotherapy planning CT scans …

Abcb5+ Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells Inhibit Developmental But Promote Inflammatory (Lymph) Angiogenesis While Preventing Corneal Inflammation, Berbang Meshko, Thomas L. A. Volatier, Karina Hadrian, Shuya Deng, Yanhong Hou, Mark A. Kluth, Christoph Ganss, Markus H. Frank, Natasha Y. Frank, Bruce Ksander, Claus Cursiefen, Maria Notara

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The limbus, the vascularized junction between the cornea and conjunctiva, is thought to function as a barrier against corneal neovascularization. However, the exact mechanisms regulating this remain unknown. In this study, the limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) marker ABCB5 was used to investigate the role of LESCs in corneal neovascularization. In an ABCB5KO model, a mild but significant increase of limbal lymphatic and blood vascular network complexity was observed in developing mice (4 weeks) but not in adult mice. Conversely, when using a cornea suture model, the WT animals exhibited a mild but significant increase in the number of lymphatic …

The Origins Project Biobank: A Collaborative Bio Resource For Investigating The Developmental Origins Of Health And Disease, Nina D’Vaz, Courtney Kidd, Sarah Miller, Minda Amin, Jacqueline A. Davis, Zenobia Talati, Desiree T. Silva, Susan L. Prescott

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Early onset Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including obesity, allergies, and mental ill-health in childhood, present a serious and increasing threat to lifelong health and longevity. The ORGINS Project (ORIGINS) addresses the urgent need for multidisciplinary efforts to understand the detrimental multisystem impacts of modern environments using well-curated large-scale longitudinal biological sample collections. ORGINS is a prospective community birth cohort aiming to enrol 10,000 pregnant people and follow each family until the children reach 5 years of age. A key objective is to generate a comprehensive biorepository on a sub-group of 4000 families invited to contribute blood, saliva, buccal cells, urine, stool, …

Genomic Analysis Of Clostridioides Difficile Recovered From Horses In Western Australia, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Daniel R. Knight, Mieghan Bruce, David Byrne, Thomas V. Riley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Clostridioides difficile poses an ongoing threat as a cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. Traditionally considered a human healthcare-related disease, increases in community-associated C. difficile infection (CDI) and growing evidence of inter-species transmission suggest a wider perspective is required for CDI control. In horses, C. difficile is a major cause of diarrhoea and life-threatening colitis. This study aimed to better understand the epidemiology of CDI in Australian horses and provide insights into the relationships between horse, human and environmental strains. A total of 752 faecal samples from 387 Western Australian horses were collected. C. difficile was isolated from …

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein In Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease: Associations With Aβ-Pet, Neurodegeneration, And Cognition, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Lisa Vermunt, Brian A. Gordon, Steve Pedrini, Lynn Boonkamp, Nicola J. Armstrong, Chengjie Xiong, Abhay K. Singh, Yan Li, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Kevin Taddei, Mark Molloy, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, John C. Morris, Celeste Karch, Sarah Berman, Jasmeer Chhatwal, Carlos Cruchaga, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Gregory S. Day, Martin Farlow, Nick Fox, Alison Goate, Jason Hassenstab, Jae-Hong Lee, Johannes Levin, Eric Mcdade, Hiroshi Mori, Richard Perrin, Raquel Sanchez-Valle, Peter R. Schofield, Allan Levey, Mathias Jucker, Colin L. Masters, Anne M. Fagan, Randall J. Bateman, Ralph N. Martins, Charlotte Teunissen, Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a promising candidate blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and prognostication. The timing of its disease-associated changes, its clinical correlates, and biofluid-type dependency will influence its clinical utility. Methods: We evaluated plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GFAP in families with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD), leveraging the predictable age at symptom onset to determine changes by stage of disease. Results: Plasma GFAP elevations appear a decade before expected symptom onset, after amyloid beta (A ) accumulation and prior to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Plasma GFAP distinguished A -positive from A -negative ADAD …

Experiences And Perspectives Of Children And Young People Living With Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus—An Integrative Review, Julie Blamires, Mandie Foster, Sara Napier, Annette Dickinson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) impacts the daily life of children and young people. This study aimed to describe the experiences and perspectives of children and young people living with cSLE. An integrative review guided by Whittemore and Knafl was conducted. Extant empirical research published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2021 on children’s self-reported experiences living with cSLE was identified from Scopus, CINAHL, Medline via PubMed, and PsycINFO via Ovid databases. Nineteen studies involving over 1400 participants were included. Four themes and fourteen sub-themes were identified: (1) challenging symptoms (disruptions to life and altered self, severity, fatigue, depression, and …

Causal Associations Of Air Pollution With Cardiovascular Disease And Respiratory Diseases Among Elder Diabetic Patients, Zhiwei Li, Shiyun Lv, Feng Lu, Moning Guo, Zhiyuan Wu, Yue Liu, Weiming Li, Mengmeng Liu, Siqi Yu, Yanshuang Jiang, Bo Gao, Xiaonan Wang, Xia Li, Wei Wang, Xiangtong Liu, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Extensive researches have linked air pollutants with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory diseases (RD), however, there is limited evidence on causal effects of air pollutants on morbidity of CVD or RD with comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus in elder patients. We included hospital admissions for CVD or RD among elder ( ≥ 65 years) diabetic patients between 2014 and 2019 in Beijing. A time-stratified case-crossover design based on negative-control exposure was used to assess causal associations of short-term exposure to air pollutants with CVD and RD among diabetic patients with the maximum lag of 7 days. A random forest regression model …

Sociodemographically Stratified Exploration Of Pancreatic Cancer Incidence In Younger Us Patients: Implication Of Cannabis Exposure As A Risk Factor, Albert S. Reece, Gary K. Hulse

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction. The aetiology for the recent increase in pancreatic cancer incidence (PCI) in the US is unknown. This paper provides an epidemiological investigation of the exponential increase in PCI in young people aged 15–34 years, particularly amongst females, with a focus on the exponential rise amongst African American females, and its relationship to substance use. Methods. National pancreatic cancer data from recent reports. Tobacco, alcohol and daily cannabis use data taken from the annual nationally representative National Survey of Drug Use and Health, response rate = 74%. Results. Amongst the 15–34-year-aged cohort, PCI was found to be significantly more common …

Review Of Gynaecological Cancer Among Aboriginal And/Or Torres Strait Islander People In Australia, Aime Powell, Ami Morseu-Diop, Maya Morton Ninomiya, Uday Narayan Yadav, Emily Phillips, Devendra Raj Singh, Tamara Butler, Emma Allanson, Lisa J. Whop

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Gynaecological cancers bear a significant burden on the health of Australians. Whilst Australia has made great strides in reducing the overall gynaecological cancer burden nationally, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women continue to experience disproportionately high rates of gynaecological cancers.

This review focuses on the social, cultural, and historical contexts that contribute to inequitable gynaecological cancer rates among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women. An in-depth discussion on cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer are described; including the incidence, mortality, survival, and management of these diseases for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women.

It highlights both the persistent barriers …