Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Development Of Grass-Clover Grazing Systems For Autumn-Calving Beef Cows. Ii. Cow-Calf Production And Economic Analysis, D G. Morrison, J I. Feazel, G D. Mooso

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Four 8-ha areas of bermudagrass-based (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) grazing systems were sod seeded and received annual N fertiliser as follows: I) clover (Trifolium sp.)+81 kg/ha, 2) annual rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lsm.)+clover +81 kg/ha, 3) ryegrass+clover+139 kg/ha, and 4) ryegrass+l39 kg/ha. Each system was stocked year-round with 20 (2,5/lla) cows each with crossbred suckling calf. Cow and calf performance data for 3 of 4 years are included. Year affected (P<0.01) cow and calf live weight, Cows in System 2 were 25-50 kg lower in live weight in autumn and winter than cows in other systems. From February to July, cow daily live-weight gains were 0.11 kg higher (P<0.01) for Systems 2 and 3, Cow live weight in July was affected by N level (Systems 1,2<3,4; P<0,01), Year by system interactions (P<0.05) occurred for cow live weight in February, April and July because of live weight increasing over years in Systems 3 and 4 but not in Systems 1 and 2. Calf daily live-weight gain February to weaning (July) was higher (P<0.01) for System 2 v. 1 (0.06 kg), Syuem 3 v. 4 (0.07 kg), and Systems 3, 4 v. 1, 2 (0.07 kg), Estimated net returns favoured Systems 3 and 4 over Systems 1 and 2.

The Future Of Sustainable Agriculture In The United States, Dennis R. Keeney

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In the United States, sustainable agriculture remains complicated and controversial as a concept, particularly to define and apply in terms of practices and policies to achieve sustainability. Many consider current agricultural practices to be sustainable in the near term with regard to the dependable, affordable supply of food and fibre, but unsustainable in terms of environmental quality and social costs. Production agriculture hos been linked to soil erosion and water pollution, and the emphasis on efficiency has contributed to the loss of many farmers and increasing instability in rural communities. Many of agriculture's dilemmas can be linked to policies of …

Computer Simulation To Aid The Development, Transfer An Adoption Of Alternative Forage Conservation Systems, C A. Rotz, D R. Buckmaster

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A computer simulation model of forage production, conservation and use was developed to evaluate forage technologies. The model simulates forage losses and quality changes along with the use and costs of machines, structures, labour, fuel, chemicals, etc. Alfalfa and corn produced on the farm arc supplemented with purchased feeds to feed a dairy herd or they are sold. Simulation over many years of weather conditions provides a long-term evaluation of the performance and economics of alternative forage systems. Simulation results provide manufacturers with design-performance constraints which aid the development of new products. Adoption of available forage technology is aided by …

Some Economics Problems Of Range Resource Analysis In Free And Open Access Environment, E Tedonkeng Pamo

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Economic analysis has been the traditional means by which the costs and benefits of rangeland conservation and sustained development have been identified. Conventional analysis has proved inadequate for dealing with the following realities : (1) open access in circumstances of poorly defined common-resource ownership tends to encourage over exploitation; (2) many costs of rangeland degradation involve externalities that will occur in the future; (3) the values of preservation and sustained management are substantial and can be translated into financial assistance; and (4) benefits from rangeland are not often appreciated because of lack of knowledge from rangeland. Recent approaches to economic …

Herbaceous Tropical Legume Integration Into Small-Holder Crop-Livestock Systems In Eastern Indonesia: Results Of 10-Years Of Multi-Disciplinary Systems Research, L. W. Bell, D. Mayberry, K. Cox, S. Traill, J. Nulik, E. J. Hosang, D. Kana Hau

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Integration a forage legume into crop-livestock systems of Eastern Indonesia was tested to establish the capacity to improve nitrogen supply and yields of staple cereal crops (maize and rice) and allow for intensification of beef production to ultimately increase farm income and alleviate rural poverty in the region. Species evaluation sites across a diversity of environments showed Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) to be the most resilient and adaptable forage legume for use in association with cropping systems. Crop rotation experiments demonstrated that legumes grown in rotation with maize or rice can increase grain yields by 50% where legume was cut …

Economics And Other Factors Affecting The Adoption Of Novel Endophyte Technology, M. H. Poore, J. Horner

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Endophyte infected tall fescue impacts cattle and other livestock across vast regions of the world. Toxicosis from wild type endophyte is widespread in regions where toxic tall fescue is the base perennial forage. The Alliance for Grassland Renewal was founded to address this complex issue and to facilitate appropriate adoption of Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue, the only potentially 100% effective remedy for fescue toxicosis. A poor understanding of the Cost/Benefit ratio of renovating pasture is one of the main reason farmers give for not renovating tall fescue pastures. An Excel-based spreadsheet tool was developed by University of Missouri Extension to …

The Future Of Clovers In Forage Systems And As Cover Crops, J. H. Bouton, John R. Caradus

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Clovers (Trifolium spp.) are the most widely used genera of legumes in forage systems, although only a limited number of the hundreds of perennial and annual species are commercially available. The number of varieties available within each of the main commercial species can be high and demonstrates past breeding achievements. Success relates to any clover’s ability to persist in mixtures with other forage species, across a range of soil types, management systems, and climates, while providing animal nutrition and biologically fixed nitrogen benefits. Uses range from traditional pasture mixtures with grasses to inclusion in multi-species mixtures, and as cover …

Evaluating The Economic And Environmental Sustainability Of Integrated Farming Systems, C. A. Rotz, M. A. Sanderson, M. Wachendorf, F. Taube

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Economic and environmental sustainability has become a major concern for forage-based animal production in Europe, North America and other parts of the world. Development of more sustainable farming systems requires an assimilation of experimental and modelling research. Field research is critical for supporting the development and evaluation of models, and modelling is needed to integrate farm components for predicting the long-term effects and interactions resulting from farm management changes. Experimentally supported simulation provides a tool for evaluating and comparing farming strategies and predicting their effect on the watershed, region and beyond.

The Economic Benefit Of Increased Yield And Digestibility In A Perennial C4 Grass, R. Mitchell, K. P. Vogel, G. Sarath

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) is a perennial C₄ grass native to the North American tallgrass prairie (Weaver, 1954). It provides productive, high quality forage during late spring and summer in the Great Plains, USA (Mitchell et al., 1994). Increasing forage yield and digestibility can increase livestock performance and grassland profitability (Casler & Vogel, 1999). This study aimed to compare the economic value of 2 big bluestem strains developed by 3 generations of breeding for increased forage yield and digestibility with the base populations from which they were derived.

Economic Comparison Of Pasture Based Lamb Production Systems In Southern Australia, A. J. Kennedy, A. N. Thompson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Lamb production enterprises in southern Australia utilise a pasture base as their primary nutrition source due to its low cost. Holmes Sackett & Associates (2003) identified that increasing total lamb weight per hectare by increasing ewe stocking rate, animal genetic potential and weaning percentage can increase enterprise profitability. The limitation of these enterprises is the seasonal and geographic variations impeding pasture production and quality. The 'MoreLamb Quality Pasture' project is demonstrating the benefits of mixing high performing grass, legume and herb species to extend the pasture-growing season and increase pasture quality. Key economic indicators of three pasture systems and commercial …

Stocking Rate Theory And Profit Drivers In North Australian Rangeland Grazing Enterprises, Neil D. Macleod, A. J. Ash, John G. Mcivor

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Setting correct stock numbers is a key decision for successful pastoralism. In marginal environments, typified by northern Australia, this involves careful cattle herd management across landscapes and seasons characterised by heterogeneous land condition and extreme climatic uncertainty. Stocking rate theory which links animal production to stocking rates concentrates only on liveweight gain of sale animals and ignores complex herd (e.g. reproduction, mortality) and pasture dynamics (e.g. land condition) and costs of maintaining stock numbers (e.g. supplementary feeding). Related economic models are generally naïve and incomplete, being based on liveweight gain, meat prices and variable husbandry costs (e.g. Workman, 1986). Modelling …

Crop Updates 2011 - Farming Systems, Janette Drew, Rob Grima, Bob French, Raj Malik, Mark Seymour, Christine Zaicou-Kunesch, Glenn Mcdonald, Brendon Nicholas, Dennis Van Gool, James Fisher, Peter Tozer, Doug Abrecht, Michael Robertson, Cameron Weeks, Michael O'Conner, Peter Newman, Mike Clarke, Andrew Blake, Gordon Macaulay, Vijay Jayasena, Syed M. Nasar-Abbas, Larisa Cato, Robert Loughman, Ken Quail

Crop Updates

This session covers twelve papers from different authors:

1. Fallowing 50% of the farm each year – does it pay? Janette Drew and Rob Grima

Department of Agriculture and Food

2. How crop sequences affect the productivity and resilience of cropping systems in two Western Australian environments, Bob French, Raj Malik, Mark Seymour, Department of Agriculture and Food

3. When is continuous wheat or barley sustainable? Christine Zaicou-Kunesch and Rob Grima Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Identifying constraints to bridging the yield gap, Glenn McDonald, Department of Agriculture and Food

5. Land constraints limiting wheat yields in …

Crop Updates 2006 - Weeds, Alexandra Douglas, Thomas M. Wolf, Harm Van Rees, Bill Gordon, Peter Newman, Glenn Adam, Aik Lee, Siew Lee, Katherine Hollaway, Brad Rayner, John Peirce, Rick Llewellyn, Frank D'Emden, Michelle Owen, Stephen Powles, Michael Walsh, Emma Glasfurd, Kathryn Steadman, David Ferris, Bevan Addison, Aik Cheam, Dave Nicholson, Ruben Vargas, Shahab Pathan, Abul Hashem, Nerys Wilkins, Catherine Borger, Bob French, Kari-Lee Falconer, Martin Harries, Chris Matthews, Vikki Osten, Harnohinder Dhammu, David Nicholson, Richard Quinlan, Debbie Allen, Mark Seymour, Pam Burgess, Owen Coppen, Chris Roberts, Christiaan Valentine, A. K. Basandrai, W. J. Macleod, John Moore, Neil Rothnie, Russell Speed, John Simons, Ted Spadek, Daya Patabendige, Michael Renton, Sally Peltzer, Art Diggle

Crop Updates

This session covers thirty seven papers from different authors:

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, Alexandra Douglas, CONVENOR – WEEDS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SPRAY TECHNOLOGY

2. Meeting the variable application goals with new application technology, Thomas M. Wolf, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre

3. Spray nozzles for grass weed control, Harm van Rees, BCG (Birchip Cropping Group)

4. Boom sprayer setups – achieving coarse droplets with different operating parameters, Bill Gordon, Bill Gordon Consulting

5. Complying with product label requirements, Bill Gordon, Bill Gordon Consulting

6. IWM a proven performer over 5 years in 33 focus paddocks, Peter Newman and …

Crop Updates 2003 - -Katanning, Robert F. Park, Robert Loughman, Colin Wellings, Greg Shea, Jocelyn Ball, Natasha Littlewood, Lucy Creagh, Alex Douglas, David Stephens, Ross Brennan, Mike Bolland, Narelle Hill, Phil Michael, Francoise A. Berlandier, Christiaan Valentine, Roy Latta, M. Rodger Beermier, Keith Devenish, Blakely Paynter, Kevin Young, Robin Wilson, Ian Barclay, Robyn Mclean, Jenny Garlinge, Bill Lambe, Neil Venn, Peter Clarke, Frances Hoyle, Leanne Schulz, Judith Devenish

Crop Updates

This session covers sixteen papers from different authors

1. Breeding Cereals for Rust Resistance – are we losing the battle? Robert F. Park, University of Sydney

2. Stripe rust – where to now for the WA wheat industry? Robert Loughman, Department of Agriculture, Colin Wellings, University of Sydney, Greg Shea, Department of Agriculture

3. Oaten hay production, Jocelyn Ball, Natasha Littlewood and Lucy Creagh, Department of Agriculture

4. Don’t rely on ‘Spray and Pray’ Alex Douglas, Department of Agriculture

5. Seasonal outlook: What is in store for 2003, David Stephens, Department of Agriculture

6. No-till copper, phosphorus and zinc …

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Crop Updates - 2003 Weeds, Bill Roy, Peter Newman, J. R. Peirce, B. J. Rayner, Kathryn J. Steadman, Gavin P. Bignell, Amanda J. Ellery, Sandy Nedelkos, Ross Chapman, Michelle J. Owen, Simone Dudley, Robert Gallagher, Pippa J. Michael, Julie A. Plummer, Peter Newman, Glenn Adam, Catherine Borger, Abul Hashem, Nerys Wilkins, Sally Peltzer, Alex Douglas, Fran Hoyle, Paul Matson, Michael Walsh, Darren Chitty, David Ferris, Paul Neve, Art Diggle, Patrick Smith, Stephen Powles, David Archer, James Eklund, Frank Forcella, Alister Draper, Rick Llewellyn, Aik Cheam, Siew Lee, David Nicholson, Mike Clarke, Debbie Allen, Harmohinder S. Dhammu, Terry Piper, L. E. Young

Crop Updates

This session covers Thirty four papers from different authors

INTRODUCTION

INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT

IWM system studies/demonstration sites

1. Six years of IWM investigation – what does it tell us? Bill Roy, Agricultural Consulting and Research Services Pty Ltd

2. Long term herbicide resistance site, the final chapter, Peter Newman and Glen Adam, Department of Agriculture

3. Management of skeleton weed (chondrilla juncea) in a cropping rotation in Western Australia, J. R. Peirce and B. J. Rayner, Department of Agriculture

WEED BIOLOGY AND COMPETITION

1. Annual ryegrass seedbanks: The good, the bad and the ugly, Kathryn J. Steadman¹, Amanda …

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Crop Updates 2002 - Geraldton, Steve Penny Jr, Robin Wilson, Iian Barclay, Robyn Mclean, Robert Loughman, Jenny Garlinge, Bill Lambe, Neil Venn, Peter Clarke, Wal Anderson, Raffaele De Cima, James Bee, Darshan Sharma, Sheena Lyon, Melaine Kupsch, Mohammad Amjad, Pam Burgess, Veronika Reck, Brenda Shackley, Ray Tugwell, Bindi Webb, Robert Park, Daya Patabendige, Phil Michael, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkes, Roger Jones, David Stephens, Bob French, Laurie Wahlsten, Glen Riethmuller, M. Bolland, P. White, T. Khan, Kevin Walden, Ravjit Khangura, Martin J. Barbetti, Graham Walton, Françoise Berlandier, Paul Carmody, Christiaan Valentine, Roy Latter, Keith Devenish, Bill Bowden, Michael O'Connell, Chris Gazey, David Gartner, Caroline Peek, David Rogers, Greg Shea, George Yan, Alexandra Douglas, Sally Peltzer, Paul Matson, David Minkey, Clinton Revell, Giles Glasson, Dean Thomas, Aik Cheam, Siew Lee, Mike Clarke, Peter Newman, Glenn Adam

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty seven papers from different authors:

1. Taking the Why out of Wyalkatchem – the new widely adapted wheat variety, Steve Penny Jr, Department of Agriculture

2. Future wheat varieties, Robin Wilson, Iain Barclay,Robyn McLean, Robert Loughman, Jenny Garlinge, Bill Lambe, Neil Venn and Peter Clarke

Department of Agriculture

3. Maximising wheat variety performance through agronomic management, Wal Anderson, Raffaele Del Cima, James Bee, Darshan Sharma, Sheena Lyon, Melaine Kupsch, Mohammad Amjad, Pam Burgess, Veronika Reck, Brenda Shackley, Ray Tugwell, Bindi Webb and Steve Penny Jr

Department of Agriculture

4. Cereal rust update 2002 – …

Crop Updates 2002 - Weeds, Vanessa Stewart, Peter Newman, Glenn Adam, Andrew Blake, Natalie Lauritsen, Sally Peltzer, Paul Matson, Nerys Wilkins, David Minkey, Glen Riethmuller, Tim Cusack, Kathryn Steadman, Pippa Michael, Paul Blackwell, Dave Brindal, Michael Walsh, Wayne Parker, Clinton Revell, Giles Glasson, Dean Thomas, Alister Draper, Bill Roy, Marta Monjardin, David Pannell, Stephen Powles, Robert Barrett-Lennard, Martin Bent, Paul Neve, Art Diggle, Patrick Smith, Mechelle Owen, Abul Hashem, Christopher Preston, Tracey Gillam, Rick Llewellyn, Richard Quinlan, Aik Cheam, Siew Lee, Mike Clarke, David Nicholson, Harmoohinder S. Dhammu, Terry Piper, Chad Sayer, Ian Rose, Andrew Blake, Jerome Critch, Gordon R. Cumming, Sam Taylor, John Moore, Rosyln Jettner, Stuart Bee, Lionel Martin, Keith Devenish, Felicity Flugge, Amir Abadi, Duncan Peter, Stuart Mcalpine

Crop Updates

This session covers fifty eight papers from different authors:

1. INTRODUCTION Vanessa Stewart, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT

IWM system studies / demonstration sites

2. Major outcomes from IWM demonstration sites, Alexandra Douglas Department of Agriculture

3. Integrated weed management: Katanning, Alexandra Douglas Department of Agriculture

4. Integrated weed management: Merredin, Vanessa Stewart Department of Agriculture

5. Long term resistance site: Get ryegrass numbers low and keep them low! Peter Newman and Glen Adams Department of Agriculture

6. Using pastures to manage ryegrass populations, Andrew Blake and Natalie Lauritsen Department of Agriculture

Weed biology and competition

7. …

1997 Wild Blueberry Progress Reports, Darrell W. Donahue, Alfred A. Bushway, Mary Ellen Camire, Keith Moore, Rodney J. Bushway, Brian Perkins, Frank A. Drummond, Connie S. Stubbs, Judith A. Collins, Paul Cappiello, John M. Smagula, Scott Dunham, Walter Litten, David E. Yarborough, Timothy M. Hess, John Jemison

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1997 edition of the Wild Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine and the Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Investigation of processing damage of IQF blueberries

2. Use of sorter rejects and wild blueberry puree to prevent warmed over flavor in processed beef patties

3. Factors affecting the quality of IQF wild blueberries

4. Determination of pesticide residue levels in fresh and processed wild blueberries

5. Pollination ecology of wild blueberries in Maine

6. Control tactics for wild blueberry pest insects …

Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Report, H Y. Forsythe Jr, Judith A. Collins, J Riley, David H. Lambert, David E. Yarborough, E A. Osgood, Frank A. Drummond, John M. Smagula, Delmont Emerson, Warren Hedstrom, Alfred A. Bushway, Mary Ellen Camire, Rodney J. Bushway, Susan A. Ismail, Therese M. Work, Linda J. Irvine, Craig J. Schroeder, Jasotha Kugabalasooriar, Richard J. Rowe, Gilles H. Lemieux, Rene Verrault, Paul E. Cappiello, James D. Leiby, Michele C. Marra, Willem Brutsaert, David Brooks, E R. Huff

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1990 edition of the Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Biology and action thresholds of secondary blueberry pests

2. Control of blueberry maggot

3. Control of secondary blueberry pests

4. Application of steam as a method of controlling secondary pest insects on lowbush blueberry: a feasibility study

5. Pollination of the lowbush blueberry by native bees

6. …

Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Report, H Y. Forsythe Jr, Judith A. Collins, D H. Lambert, W A. Wright, D Emerson, F Olday, John M. Smagula, Tom Degomez, Susan Erich, Mike Goltz, Alfred A. Bushway, Rodney J. Bushway, Linda C. Benner, David E. Yarborough, M F. Trevett

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1987 edition of the Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Effect of Pruning Practices on Blueberry Insect Abundance

2. Economic Thresholds and Control of Secondary Blueberry Pests

3. Control of Blueberry Maggot

4. Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Botrytis Blight on Lowbush Blueberry, 1987

5. Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Mummy Berry on Lowbush Blueberry, 1987 …

Blueberry Research Progress Report, Howard Y. Forsythe Jr, Amr A. Ismail, Said A. Goueli, Paul R. Hepler, Arlen D. Draper, John M. Smagula, Stewart Goltz, Alan Langille, Thomas E. Christensen, Homer B. Metzger, Ruth H. True

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1975 edition of the Blueberry Research Progress Report was prepared for the Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Insects Affecting the Blueberry

2. Weed Control in Blueberry Fields

3. Pruning of Blueberries

4. Integrated Management of Blueberry Fields

5. Selective Thinning of Black Barrenberries in Lowbush Blueberry Fields with Ethrel

6. The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Development of the Lowbush Blueberry Fruit

7. The Development of Blueberry Varieties Adapted to Maine

8. Factors Regulating Rhizome Initiation and Development in the Lowbush Blueberry

9. Mechanical Blueberry Harvesting

10. …