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- Keyword
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- Deposit feeder (5)
- Fluoranthene (5)
- Ecotoxicology (4)
- Population growth rate (4)
- Population dynamics (3)
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- Reproduction (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Sediment (3)
- Capitella sp. 1 (2)
- Daphnia magna (2)
- Demographic analysis (2)
- Elasticity (2)
- Endocrine disruption (2)
- Extrapolation (2)
- Food limitation (2)
- Gastropod (2)
- Infauna (2)
- PAH (2)
- Pesticides (2)
- Protection goals (2)
- . Food web (1)
- ALMaSS (1)
- Abiotic stress (1)
- Alkylphenol ethoxylates (1)
- Ampullaridae (1)
- Assessment endpoints (1)
- Bacterial community (1)
- Benthic and lecithotrophic development (1)
- Benthos (1)
- Bioaccumulation (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Life History And Population Dynamics Of The Opportunistic Polychaete Capitella Sp. I In Relation To Sediment Organic Matter, Tina Ramskov, Valery E. Forbes
Life History And Population Dynamics Of The Opportunistic Polychaete Capitella Sp. I In Relation To Sediment Organic Matter, Tina Ramskov, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
Capitella sp. I is a deposit-feeding polychaete that occurs in estuarine and marine environments and that shows boom-bust population dynamics in response to organic pollution. A lifecycle experiment was carried out to quantify the relative importance of individual life-history traits for driving the dynamics of Capitella sp. I populations in response to changes in sediment organic matter concentrations. Individual-level effects were estimated as changes in survival, reproductive characteristics, and growth. Effects at the population-level were assessed by integrating the measured life-history traits in a simple 2-stage demographic model that was used to estimate the population growth rate (λ). Low organic …
The Effects Of Landscape Modifications On The Long-Term Persistence Of Animal Populations, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, Richard M. Sibly, Mads C. Forchhammer, Valery E. Forbes, Christopher J. Topping
The Effects Of Landscape Modifications On The Long-Term Persistence Of Animal Populations, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, Richard M. Sibly, Mads C. Forchhammer, Valery E. Forbes, Christopher J. Topping
Valery E Forbes
Background: The effects of landscape modifications on the long-term persistence of wild animal populations is of crucial importance to wildlife managers and conservation biologists, but obtaining experimental evidence using real landscapes is usually impossible. To circumvent this problem we used individual-based models (IBMs) of interacting animals in experimental modifications of a real Danish landscape. The models incorporate as much as possible of the behaviour and ecology of four species with contrasting life-history characteristics: skylark (Alauda arvensis), vole (Microtus agrestis), a ground beetle (Bembidion lampros) and a linyphiid spider (Erigone atra). This allows us to quantify the population implications of experimental …
Cream: A European Project On Mechanistic Effect Models For Ecological Risk Assessment Of Chemicals, Volker Grimm, Roman Ashauer, Valery E. Forbes, Udo Hommen, Thomas G. Preuss, Annette Schmidt, Paul Van Den Brink, Jörn Wogram, Pernille Thorbek
Cream: A European Project On Mechanistic Effect Models For Ecological Risk Assessment Of Chemicals, Volker Grimm, Roman Ashauer, Valery E. Forbes, Udo Hommen, Thomas G. Preuss, Annette Schmidt, Paul Van Den Brink, Jörn Wogram, Pernille Thorbek
Valery E Forbes
Examples that clearly demonstrate the power of mechanistic effect models (MEMs) for risk assessment are urgently needed, and industry, academia, and regulatory authorities across Europe need scientists that are trained in MEMs, principles of ecotoxicology, and regulatory risk assessment. To meet these needs, Chemical Risk Effects Assessment Models (CREAM), a European project including 20 Ph.D. and three postdoctoral projects, has been launched for September 2009 and will last for 4 years. CREAM is a “Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN)” funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme. ITNs are part of the commission’s “People” Programme and focus …
Influence Of Biotransformation On Trophic Transfer Of The Pah, Fluoranthene, Annemette Palmqvist, Lene Juel Rasmussen, Valery E. Forbes
Influence Of Biotransformation On Trophic Transfer Of The Pah, Fluoranthene, Annemette Palmqvist, Lene Juel Rasmussen, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
The persistence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine sediments may be influenced by benthic invertebrate bioturbation. Through processes such as deposit-feeding and enhancement of microbial metabolic activity PAHs may be remobilized from the sediment compartment, and either transferred to organisms at higher trophic levels or to the overlying water column, both processes inevitably changing the bioavailability of the PAH. Accumulation of contaminants from one level in the food chain to the next depends on feeding rate and assimilation efficiency, two factors that basically vary with food quality and contaminant type. Though it is generally believed that pre-consumptive biotransformation will …
Effects Of Fluoranthene And Ambient Oxygen Levels On Survival And Metabolism In Three Sibling Species Of Capitella (Polychaeta), Inez Linke-Gamenick, Bent Vismann, Valery E. Forbes
Effects Of Fluoranthene And Ambient Oxygen Levels On Survival And Metabolism In Three Sibling Species Of Capitella (Polychaeta), Inez Linke-Gamenick, Bent Vismann, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
The successful persistence of Capitella spp. in disturbed and/or oil-polluted habitats is widely known, but demographic adaptations might be only part of the explanation and little is known about differences among species. The present study investigates ecophysiological effects of the common PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) fluoranthene (FLU) on juvenile and adult survival, comparing 3 sibling species of Capitella (Polychaeta; Capitellidae). Subsequently, the influence of FLU on the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in the most 'sensitive' species, Capitella sp. S, and most 'tolerant' species, Capitella sp. I, was assessed. Oxygen uptake and internal succinate concentration (an indicator of anaerobic metabolism) were …
Changes In Feeding And Crawling Rates Of Hydrobia Truncata (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae) In Response To Sedimentary Chlorophyll-A And Recently Egested Sediment, Valery Forbes, Glenn Lopez
Changes In Feeding And Crawling Rates Of Hydrobia Truncata (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae) In Response To Sedimentary Chlorophyll-A And Recently Egested Sediment, Valery Forbes, Glenn Lopez
Valery E Forbes
Experiments combining fluorescent particle tracer techniques with time-lapse video recording demonstrated that the gastropod Hydrobia truncata decreases crawling rate on patches rich in chlorophyll-a, while maintaining a constant feeding rate as sedimentary chlorophyll-a content varies. In contrast, H. truncata decreases feeding rate but does not change crawling rate upon encounter with patches of recently egested sediment. Depression of feeding rate is less pronounced if the egested material is enriched in chlorophyll-a. For deposit feeders inhabiting highly reworked sediments, the majority of available material may consist of sediment that has been recently egested. For an animal that responds negatively to recently …
Effects Of Sediment-Associated Copper To The Deposit-Feeding Snail, Potamopyrgus Antipodarum: A Comparison Of Cu Added In Aqueous Form Or As Nano- And Micro-Cuo Particles, Chengfang Pang, Henriette Selck, Superb Misra, Deborah Berhanu, Agnieszka Dybowska, Eugenia Valsami-Jones, Valery Forbes
Effects Of Sediment-Associated Copper To The Deposit-Feeding Snail, Potamopyrgus Antipodarum: A Comparison Of Cu Added In Aqueous Form Or As Nano- And Micro-Cuo Particles, Chengfang Pang, Henriette Selck, Superb Misra, Deborah Berhanu, Agnieszka Dybowska, Eugenia Valsami-Jones, Valery Forbes
Valery E Forbes
Increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) is likely to result in release of these particles to the aquatic environment where the NPs may eventually accumulate in sediment. However, little is known about the potential ecotoxicity of sediment-associated engineered NPs. We here consider the case of metal oxide NPs using CuO to understand if the effects of NPs differ from micron-sized particles of CuO and aqueous Cu (CuCl2). To address this issue, we compared effects of copper added to the sediment as aqueous Cu, nano- (6 nm) and micro- (<5 >μm) CuO particles on the deposit-feeding snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Effects were …
Review Of Genes And The Environment By R. H. Burdon, Valery E. Forbes
Review Of Genes And The Environment By R. H. Burdon, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
How diverse aspects of an organism’s environment influence the structure and function of its genes is of profound importance for understanding the molecular basis of evolution as well as the causes of disease, cancer and aging. Genes and the Environment addresses these issues from a molecular biological perspective. The author covers both natural environmental influences, such as extreme temperatures and water stress, as well as humancaused environmental influences, such as exposure to toxic chemicals. The author makes an effort to compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems and highlights distinctions between major groups of eukaryotes e.g., plants versus animals. to …
The Potential For The Use Of Agent-Based Models In Ecotoxicology, Christopher J. Topping, Trine Dalkvist, Valery E. Forbes, Volker Grimm, Richard M. Sibly
The Potential For The Use Of Agent-Based Models In Ecotoxicology, Christopher J. Topping, Trine Dalkvist, Valery E. Forbes, Volker Grimm, Richard M. Sibly
Valery E Forbes
This chapter introduces ABMs, their construction, and the pros and cons of their use. Although relatively new, agent-based models (ABMs) have great potential for use in ecotoxicological research – their primary advantage being the realistic simulations that can be constructed and particularly their explicit handling of space and time in simulations. Examples are provided of their use in ecotoxicology primarily exemplified by different implementations of the ALMaSS system. These examples presented demonstrate how multiple stressors, landscape structure, details regarding toxicology, animal behavior, and socioeconomic effects can and should be taken into account when constructing simulations for risk assessment. Like ecological …
Effects Of 4-N-Nonylphenol On Life-History Traits And Population Dynamics Of A Polychaete, Flemming T. Hansen, Valery E. Forbes, Thomas L. Forbes
Effects Of 4-N-Nonylphenol On Life-History Traits And Population Dynamics Of A Polychaete, Flemming T. Hansen, Valery E. Forbes, Thomas L. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
A Life-Table-Response Experiment lasting 78 d was performed to investigate the toxic effects of sediment-associated 4-n-nonylphenol (NP) on growth, reproduction, and survivorship of isolated hermaphrodites of the infaunal polychaete Capitella sp. I. Demographic effects were evaluated using both a fully age-classified and a simple twostage model to estimate population growth rates (λ). Decomposition analysis was performed to explore the contributions of each of the affected life-history traits to the effects observed on l. Elasticity analysis was applied to examine the relative sensitivity of λ to changes in each of the different life-history traits under different exposure levels. In the lowest …
Environmentally Sensitive Life-Cycle Traits Have Low Elasticity: Implications For Theory And Practice, Valery Forbes, Mette Olsen, Annemette Palmqvist, Peter Calow
Environmentally Sensitive Life-Cycle Traits Have Low Elasticity: Implications For Theory And Practice, Valery Forbes, Mette Olsen, Annemette Palmqvist, Peter Calow
Valery E Forbes
The relationships between population growth rate and the life-cycle traits contributing to it are nonlinear and variable. This has made it difficult for ecologists to consistently predict changes in population dynamics from observations on changes in life-cycle traits. We show that traits having a high sensitivity to chemical toxicants tend to have a low elasticity, meaning that changes in them have a relatively low impact on population growth rate, compared to other life-cycle traits. This makes evolutionary sense in that there should be selection against variability in population growth rate. In particular, we found that fecundity was generally more sensitive …
Mechanistic Effect Models For Ecological Risk Assessment Of Chemicals (Memorisk) — A New Setac-Europe Advisory Group, Thomas G. Preuss, Udo Hommen, Anne Alix, Roman Ashauer, Paul Van Den Brink, Peter Chapman, Virginie Ducrot, Valery E. Forbes, Volker Grimm, Dieter Schäfer, Franz Streissl, Pernille Thorbek
Mechanistic Effect Models For Ecological Risk Assessment Of Chemicals (Memorisk) — A New Setac-Europe Advisory Group, Thomas G. Preuss, Udo Hommen, Anne Alix, Roman Ashauer, Paul Van Den Brink, Peter Chapman, Virginie Ducrot, Valery E. Forbes, Volker Grimm, Dieter Schäfer, Franz Streissl, Pernille Thorbek
Valery E Forbes
Recent reviews of the state-of-the-art of ecological modeling for risk assessments have highlighted the need for standardization of modeling approaches (Pastorok et al. 2003; Grimm et al. 2009). Such standardization requires concerted actions with all stakeholders involved in the regulatory process. Therefore, a new SETAC-Europe Advisory Group on “Mechanistic effect models for ecological risk assessment of chemicals” (MEMoRisk) was established in autumn 2008. During the SETAC-Europe Annual Meeting in Warsaw in May 2008, 21 people joined the founding meeting where the necessity, scope and aim of such a group were discussed. A founding steering committee (the authors of this paper) …
Mixture Toxicity Of Three Toxicants With Similar And Dissimilar Modes Of Action To Daphnia Magna, Kristian Syberg, Anders Elleby, Henrik Pedersen, Nina Cedergreen, Valery E. Forbes
Mixture Toxicity Of Three Toxicants With Similar And Dissimilar Modes Of Action To Daphnia Magna, Kristian Syberg, Anders Elleby, Henrik Pedersen, Nina Cedergreen, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
Mixture toxicity of similar- and dissimilar-acting toxicants can be predicted by the models concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) using single substance toxicity data. Knowledge of the toxicants mode of action is thus required in order to use the models. In order to test the predictive capability of the models, we conducted Daphnia magna 48 h immobilization experiments with three toxicants with known modes of action (dimethoate, pirimicarb and linear alkyl benzene sulfonate) singly, and in binary and ternary mixtures. Our results indicate that CA and IA predict binary mixtures of similar- and dissimilar-acting toxicants equally well. CA and …
Plankton Stress Responses From Pah Exposure And Nutrient Enrichment, Morten Hjorth, Valery E. Forbes, Ingela Dahllöf
Plankton Stress Responses From Pah Exposure And Nutrient Enrichment, Morten Hjorth, Valery E. Forbes, Ingela Dahllöf
Valery E Forbes
The hypothesis that the nature and force of PAH stress responses from plankton systems are coupled to the nutrient status of that system was tested in a mesocosm experiment. Four treatments were applied consisting of control (Cn), pyrene exposed (Py). nutrient spiked (Nu), and nutrient spiked and pyrene exposed (NuPy) groups in replicate bags (n = 3) representing plankton communities including bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Regardless of nutrient status, all the Py mesocosms were affected directly with decreases in chlorophyll α concentrations to 20 % of control values on Day 1. Primary production was also significantly lower (< 50 %) …
Ecological Risk Assessment Should Be Value-Relevant But Not Value-Biased, Peter Calow, Valery Forbes
Ecological Risk Assessment Should Be Value-Relevant But Not Value-Biased, Peter Calow, Valery Forbes
Valery E Forbes
To be useful in informing environmental management decisions, ecological risk assessments (ERAs) need to be expressed in value-relevant terms (USEPA 2009). Making decisions about accepting more or less ecological resources for more or less economic and social gain depends upon public values. ERAs have been criticized for not delivering value-relevant results and for therefore not being useful as a basis for management decisions (Gibbs 2010). We agree that ERAs need to be value-relevant, but we also must be explicit about what constitutes science and what constitutes values in this process. In a recent editorial, Backhaus et al. (2010) discuss the …
Uncertainties In Sediment Quality Weight-Of-Evidence (Woe) Assessments, Graeme E. Batley, G. Allen Burton, Peter M. Chapman, Valery E. Forbes
Uncertainties In Sediment Quality Weight-Of-Evidence (Woe) Assessments, Graeme E. Batley, G. Allen Burton, Peter M. Chapman, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
Uncertainties in sediment quality assessments are discussed in five categories: (1) sediment sampling, transport and storage; (2) sediment chemistry; (3) ecotoxicology; (4) benthic community structure; and (5) data uncertainties and QA/QC. Three major exposure routes are considered: whole sediments, and waters in sediment pores and at the sediment-water interface. If these uncertainties are not recognized and addressed in the assessment process, then erroneous conclusions may result. Recommendations are provided for addressing the identified uncertainties in each of the key areas. The purpose of this paper is to improve the reporting of sediment quality assessments.
Does Bisphenol A Induce Superfeminization In Marisa Cornuarietis? Part I: Intra- And Inter-Laboratory Variability In Test Endpoints, Valery E. Forbes, Henriette Selck, Annemette Palmqvist, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nadine Pounds, Roy Thompson, Norbert Caspers
Does Bisphenol A Induce Superfeminization In Marisa Cornuarietis? Part I: Intra- And Inter-Laboratory Variability In Test Endpoints, Valery E. Forbes, Henriette Selck, Annemette Palmqvist, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nadine Pounds, Roy Thompson, Norbert Caspers
Valery E Forbes
It has been claimed that bisphenol A (BPA) induces superfeminization in the freshwater gastropod, Marisa cornuarietis. To explore the reproducibility of prior work, here we present results from a three-laboratory study, the objectives of which were to determine the mean and variability in test endpoints (i.e., adult fecundity, egg hatchability, and juvenile growth) under baseline conditions and to identify the sources of variability. A major source of variability for all of the measured endpoints was due to differences within and among individuals. With few exceptions, variability among laboratories and among replicate tanks within laboratories contributed little to the observed variability …
Improving The Value Of Standard Toxicity Test Data In Reach, Magnus Breitholtz, Elin Lundström, Ulrika Dahl, Valery E. Forbes
Improving The Value Of Standard Toxicity Test Data In Reach, Magnus Breitholtz, Elin Lundström, Ulrika Dahl, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
Worldwide, environmental risk assessment strategies are based on the assumption that measuring direct effects of single substances, using a few single species tests, in combination with safety factors correcting for extrapolation inconsistencies, can be used to protect higher levels of biological organization, such as populations and even ecosystems. At the same time, we are currently facing a range of pollution problems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series 2005), of which some could at least indirectly be linked to the fact that this assumption may not be fully valid. Consequently, there is an ongoing scientific debate on whether current chemical control protocols are …
Integrating Population Modeling Into Ecological Risk Assessment, Valery E. Forbes, Peter Calow, Volker Grimm, Takehiko Hayashi, Tjalling Jager, Annemette Palmqvist, Rob Pastorok, Dan Salvito, Richard Sibly, Julann Spromberg, John Stark, Richard A. Stillman
Integrating Population Modeling Into Ecological Risk Assessment, Valery E. Forbes, Peter Calow, Volker Grimm, Takehiko Hayashi, Tjalling Jager, Annemette Palmqvist, Rob Pastorok, Dan Salvito, Richard Sibly, Julann Spromberg, John Stark, Richard A. Stillman
Valery E Forbes
Current approaches to ecological risk assessment (ERA) are not sufficient to address environmental protection goals stated in current regulations in the European Union, North America and elsewhere. For example, the data used to estimate the likelihood of adverse ecological effects typically include responses of survival, growth, or reproduction of individuals measured under constant and typically favorable laboratory conditions. But these organism-level endpoints are far removed from the ecological features that the process aims to protect (i.e., the long-term persistence of populations of species in space and time under naturally varying field conditions and in the presence of other stressors). Ecological …
The Role Of Ecological Models In Linking Ecological Risk Assessment To Ecosystem Services In Agroecosystems, Nika Galic, Amelie Schmolke, Valery Forbes, Hans Baveco, Paul Van Den Brink
The Role Of Ecological Models In Linking Ecological Risk Assessment To Ecosystem Services In Agroecosystems, Nika Galic, Amelie Schmolke, Valery Forbes, Hans Baveco, Paul Van Den Brink
Valery E Forbes
Agricultural practices are essential for sustaining the human population, but at the same time they can directly disrupt ecosystem functioning. Ecological risk assessment (ERA) aims to estimate possible adverse effects of human activities on ecosystems and their parts. Current ERA practices, however, incorporate very little ecology and base the risk estimates on the results of standard tests with several standard species. The main obstacles for a more ecologically relevant ERA are the lack of clear protection goals and the inherent complexity of ecosystems that is hard to approach empirically. In this paper, we argue that the ecosystem services framework offers …
Adding Value To Ecological Risk Assessment With Population Modeling, Valery E. Forbes, Peter Calow, Volker Grimm, Takehiko I, Hayashi, Tjalling Jager, Agnete Katholm, Annemette Palmqvist, Rob Pastorok, Dan Salvito, Richard Sibly, Julann Spromberg, John Stark, Richard A. Stillman
Adding Value To Ecological Risk Assessment With Population Modeling, Valery E. Forbes, Peter Calow, Volker Grimm, Takehiko I, Hayashi, Tjalling Jager, Agnete Katholm, Annemette Palmqvist, Rob Pastorok, Dan Salvito, Richard Sibly, Julann Spromberg, John Stark, Richard A. Stillman
Valery E Forbes
Current measures used to estimate the risks of toxic chemicals are not relevant to the goals of the environmental protection process, and thus ecological risk assessment (ERA) is not used as extensively as it should be as a basis for cost-effective management of environmental resources. Appropriate population models can provide a powerful basis for expressing ecological risks that better inform the environmental management process and thus that are more likely to be used by managers. Here we provide at least five reasons why population modeling should play an important role in bridging the gap between what we measure and what …
Particle Mixing By The Polychaete Capitella Species 1: Coupling Fate And Effect Of A Particle-Bound Organic Contaminant (Fluoranthene) In A Marine Sediment, Susanne D. Madsen, Thomas L. Forbes, Valery E. Forbes
Particle Mixing By The Polychaete Capitella Species 1: Coupling Fate And Effect Of A Particle-Bound Organic Contaminant (Fluoranthene) In A Marine Sediment, Susanne D. Madsen, Thomas L. Forbes, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
Particle mixing by the polychaete Capitella sp. 1 was investigated in a 22 d microcosm experiment in the presence and absence of the sediment-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene. Mixing by Capitella sp. 1 (30000 ind. m–2) was examined using glass bead tracers (diam. = 30 to 100 μm) with and without a pulse introduction of fluoranthene to the sediment surface. Worms had a profound effect on the sediment appearance and reworked sediment in a conveyor-belt fashion. The predominant mode of mixing was bioadvective, and the worms created a subsurface maximum in the glass bead tracer profiles. Glass bead subduction …
Superfeminization As An Effect Of Bisphenol A In Marisa Cornuarietis & Response From Forbes Et Al. To Oehlmann Et Al., Jörg Oehlmann, Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann, Jean Bachmann, Matthias Oetken, Ilka Lutz, Werner Kloas, Valery E. Forbes, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nelly Van Der Hoeven, Norbert Caspers
Superfeminization As An Effect Of Bisphenol A In Marisa Cornuarietis & Response From Forbes Et Al. To Oehlmann Et Al., Jörg Oehlmann, Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann, Jean Bachmann, Matthias Oetken, Ilka Lutz, Werner Kloas, Valery E. Forbes, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nelly Van Der Hoeven, Norbert Caspers
Valery E Forbes
[Oehlmann et al.]: Recently, we had the opportunity to read two articles in volume 66 of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Forbes et al. (2007a, , 2007b) declare “to explore the reproducibility of prior work” showing that bisphenol A (BPA) induces superfeminization in the freshwater snail Marisa cornuarietis (Oehlmann et al., 2000, 2006; Schulte- Oehlmann et al., 2001). Based on the outcome of a toxicity test with the same species, the authors conclude that their results “do not support previous claims of enhanced reproduction in M. cornuarietis in response to exposure to BPA.” We take issue with the declaration of exploring …
Inducible Metabolism Of Fluoranthene By The Opportunistic Polychaete Capitella Sp. I, Valery E. Forbes, Thomas L. Forbes, Marianne Holmer
Inducible Metabolism Of Fluoranthene By The Opportunistic Polychaete Capitella Sp. I, Valery E. Forbes, Thomas L. Forbes, Marianne Holmer
Valery E Forbes
The polychaete Capitella sp. I has been described as an enrichment opportunist and is one of very few species able to thrive in highly organic sediments heavily contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and other organic pollutants. We examined 3 plausible explanations for the success of Capitella sp. 1: (1) worms prevent uptake of PAH across body surfaces, (2) worms take up PAH but metabolize them effectively to excretable forms, and (3) worms utilize PAH as a carbon source. We examined the uptake and depuration of sediment-associated fluoranthene by Capitella sp. 1 and measured the metabolic loss of ingested 3-[14C] …
Does Bisphenol A Induce Superfeminization In Marisa Cornuarietis? Part Ii: Toxicity Test Results And Requirements For Statistical Power Analyses, Valery E. Forbes, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nelly Van Der Hoeven, Norbert Caspers
Does Bisphenol A Induce Superfeminization In Marisa Cornuarietis? Part Ii: Toxicity Test Results And Requirements For Statistical Power Analyses, Valery E. Forbes, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nelly Van Der Hoeven, Norbert Caspers
Valery E Forbes
This study presents results of the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on adult egg production, egg hatchability, egg development rates and juvenile growth rates in the freshwater gastropod, Marisa cornuarietis. We observed no adult mortality, substantial inter-snail variability in reproductive output, and no effects of BPA on reproduction during 12 weeks of exposure to 0, 0.1, 1.0, 16, 160 or 640 μg/L BPA. We observed no effects of BPA on egg hatchability or timing of egg hatching. Juveniles showed good growth in the control and all treatments, and there were no significant effects of BPA on this endpoint. Our results …
Investigation Of The Fate And Effects Of Acetyl Cedrene On Capitella Teleta And Sediment Bacterial Community, Lea Ellegaard-Petersen, Henriette Selck, Anders Priemé, Daniel Salvito, Valery E. Forbes
Investigation Of The Fate And Effects Of Acetyl Cedrene On Capitella Teleta And Sediment Bacterial Community, Lea Ellegaard-Petersen, Henriette Selck, Anders Priemé, Daniel Salvito, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
The fate of the fragrance material, acetyl cedrene (AC), in sediment was examined in a 16 day laboratory experiment using the sediment microbial community subjected to the following treatments: AC (nominal concentration; 0 and 50 μg g−1 dw sediment) and macrofaunal worms (with/without Capitella teleta (formerly Capitella sp. I)). Furthermore effects of AC on microbial respiration in the system were determined by examining CO2 flux. T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) was used to analyze PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplified 16S DNA gene fragments from the sediments to detect changes in the structure and diversity of the bacterial community. In …
Toxicity And Toxicokinetics Of Cadmium In Capitella Sp. I: Relative Importance Of Water And Sediment As Routes Of Cadmium Uptake, Henriette Selck, Valery E. Forbes, Thomas L. Forbes
Toxicity And Toxicokinetics Of Cadmium In Capitella Sp. I: Relative Importance Of Water And Sediment As Routes Of Cadmium Uptake, Henriette Selck, Valery E. Forbes, Thomas L. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
The importance of dissolved versus sediment-bound cadmium as uptake routes for the deposit-feeding polychaete Capitella species I and the toxicity and toxicokinetics of cadmium from these exposure routes were investigated. Effects were reported as changes in worm growth rate, egestion rate and allometry. Radioactive cadmium (109Cd) was used as a tracer to examine the uptake (5 d) and subsequent depuration (6 d) of cadmium. Both effects and kinetics were investigated in systems with and without sediment. Individual Capitella sp. I were exposed to (1) dissolved (i.e. <0.45 μm) cadmium (water-only treatment), (2) sediment-bound cadmium (sediment-bound only treatment), or (3) both …
Joint Effects Of Population Density And Toxicant Exposure On Population Dynamics Of Capitella Sp. I, Valery E. Forbes, Richard M. Sibly, Inez Linke-Gamenick
Joint Effects Of Population Density And Toxicant Exposure On Population Dynamics Of Capitella Sp. I, Valery E. Forbes, Richard M. Sibly, Inez Linke-Gamenick
Valery E Forbes
Very few studies have analyzed the dependence of population growth rate on population density, and even fewer have considered interaction effects of density and other stresses, such as exposure to toxic chemicals. Yet without such studies we cannot know whether chemicals harmful at low density have effects on carrying capacity or, conversely, whether chemicals reducing carrying capacity are also harmful at low density, impeding a population’s capacity to recover from disturbance. This study examines the combined effects of population density and a toxicant (fluoranthene) on population growth rate (pgr) and carrying capacity using the deposit-feeding polychaete Capitella sp. I as …
The Effects Of Spatial And Temporal Heterogeneity On The Population Dynamics Of Four Animal Species In A Danish Landscape, Richard M. Sibly, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, Mads C. Forchhammer, Valery E. Forbes, Christopher J. Topping
The Effects Of Spatial And Temporal Heterogeneity On The Population Dynamics Of Four Animal Species In A Danish Landscape, Richard M. Sibly, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, Mads C. Forchhammer, Valery E. Forbes, Christopher J. Topping
Valery E Forbes
Background: Variation in carrying capacity and population return rates is generally ignored in traditional studies of population dynamics. Variation is hard to study in the field because of difficulties controlling the environment in order to obtain statistical replicates, and because of the scale and expense of experimenting on populations. There may also be ethical issues. To circumvent these problems we used detailed simulations of the simultaneous behaviours of interacting animals in an accurate facsimile of a real Danish landscape. The models incorporate as much as possible of the behaviour and ecology of skylarks Alauda arvensis, voles Microtus agrestis, a ground …
Effects Of Husbandry Parameters On The Life-History Traits Of The Apple Snail, Marisa Cornuarietis: Effects Of Temperature, Photoperiod, And Population Density, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nadine Pounds, Sharon File-Emperador, Charles Staples, Norbert Caspers, Valery E. Forbes
Effects Of Husbandry Parameters On The Life-History Traits Of The Apple Snail, Marisa Cornuarietis: Effects Of Temperature, Photoperiod, And Population Density, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nadine Pounds, Sharon File-Emperador, Charles Staples, Norbert Caspers, Valery E. Forbes
Valery E Forbes
These experiments are part of a larger study designed to investigate the influence of husbandry parameters on the life history of the apple snail, Marisa cornuarietis. The overall objective of the program is to identify suitable husbandry conditions for maintaining multigeneration populations of this species in the laboratory for use in ecotoxicological testing. In this article, we focus on the effects of photoperiod, temperature, and population density on adult fecundity and juvenile growth. Increasing photoperiod from 12 to 16 h of light per day had no effect on adult fecundity or egg hatching and relatively minor effects on juvenile growth …