Comparative Nutrition Commons^™

“I Am A Vegetarian”: Reflections On A Way Of Being, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD

Employing a qualitative method adapted from phenomenological psychology, the paper presents a socio-psychological portrait of a vegetarian. Descriptives are a product of the author’s reflection on (dialogue with) empirical findings and published personal accounts, interviews, and case studies. The paper provides evidence for the hypothesis that vegetarianism is a way of being. This way of experiencing and living in the world is associated with particular forms of relationship to self, to other animals and nature, and to other people. The achievement of this way of being, particularly in the interpersonal sphere, comprises an initial, a transitional, and a crystallizing phase …

Is Fortification Or Bio Fortification Of Staple Food Crops Will Offer A Simple Solution To Complex Nutritional Disorder In Developing Countries?, Mahalingam Govindaraj

Mahalingam Govindaraj

Large segment of global populations, especially in developing countries is currently at risk from one or more micronutrient deficiency, so called malnutrition. This could be due to our current food systems are fail to provide enough balanced dietary nutrients to meet all the nutritional requirements of every individual, especially resource-poor women and children in the developing countries. A variety of interventions have been used to address micronutrient malnutrition so far such as pharmaceutical supplementation, industrial fortifications and dietary diversification. However, success of supplementation and fortification in developing countries remains challenges due to poor infrastructure, delivery system, more often it need …

Vegetarianism And Virtue: Does Consequentialism Demand Too Little?, Nathan Nobis

Nathan M. Nobis, PhD

The article discusses the moral aspects of vegetarianism. This will make vegetarians more compassionate and caring for animals and will result in better health and less finances. The virtue theory or the vegetarian justifying principle connotes that one should not support even symbolically bad practices to animals when good alternatives are readily available. Becoming a vegetarian is a way of attesting to the depth and sincerity of one's belief in the wrongness of how we treat animals and its consequence to humans. Consequentialism does not demand too little because it requires that one conforms his behavior to the vegetarian justifying …

Microalgae In Eastern Pacific White Shrimp Hatcheries: A Review On Roles And Culture Environments, Wa Iba, Michael A. Rice, Gary H. Wikfors

Michael A Rice

Demand for shrimp, particularly the eastern Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931), will continue to increase in Asian and worldwide seafood markets. Providing shrimp farms with a robust, healthy, and continuous supply of shrimp seed is a challenge that must be addressed to meet the demand. Shrimp feed during hatchery production still relies on live microalgae, despite many years of effort to find suitable full or partial-replacement diet alternatives. Successful mass production of microalgae for hatchery feed to obtain good quality shrimp seedstock depends on a number of environmental factors that determine the growth and nutritional values of various …

Dead People Don’T Eat: Food Governmentenomics And Conflicts-Of-Interest In The Usda And Fda, Gabriela Steier

Gabriela Steier

Conflicts of interest permeate the governance of the federal advisory committees that issue recommendations to consumer protection agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and, therefore, American consumers need a federal solution to protect their health from biased recommendations. In order to promote a business-friendly food pyramid, agribusinesses and food industrialists lobby for dietary guidelines to adapt the dietary guidelines illustrated by the food pyramid to boos their sales. The resulting guidelines cause great damage to public health, environmental pollution, and loss of democratic freedoms. As a result, the FDA …

Inadequate Feeding Of Infant And Young Children In India: Lack Of Nutritional Information Or Food Affordability?, Nisha Malhotra

Nisha Malhotra

Why does child malnutrition persist in India? Amongst the fastest growing economies over the last two decades, India has struggled to make progress in the health of its children. In this article the author argues that the reason malnutrition persists is not limited to poverty or inadequate access to food; but that a lack of nutritional knowledge amongst families plays a very important role.

Scientific Abstract Objective: Despite a rapidly growing economy and rising income levels in India, improvements in child malnutrition have lagged. Data from the most recent National Family Health Survey reveal that the infant and young child …

Cost-Effectiveness Model For Youth Efnep Programs: What Do We Measure And How Do We Do It?, Elena Serrano, Mary Mcferren, Michael Lambur, Michael Ellerbock, Kathy Hosig, Nancy K. Franz, Marilyn Townsend, Susan Baker, Peter Muennig, George Davis

Nancy K. Franz

The Youth Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) is one of the United States Department of Agriculture's hallmark nutrition education programs for limited-resource youth. The objective of this study was to gather opinions from experts in EFNEP and related content areas to identify costs, effects (impacts), and related instruments to develop a cost-effectiveness model (instrument) for youth EFNEP, which does not exist. A cost-effectiveness model determines the economic or financial cost of producing an impact. The findings highlight several challenges in identifying inputs through consensus and provide a roadmap for the creation of a model that can be adopted …

Comparative Response Of Swine And Rats To High Fiber Or High Protein Diets, James S. Dickson

James S. Dickson

Twenty-four growing swine and 24 growing rats were fed high-protein (34%) diets on an ad libimm basis to determine their effects on body weight, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiological profile and visceral organ weights. High dietary fiber reduced body weight gain and gain:feed ratio in both swine and rats and decreased body famess in swine; it increased relative kidney weight (percentage of body weight) in both swine and rats and decreased relative liver weight in rats but increased it in swine. Absolute weights of stomach and large intestine were unaffected by high fiber in either species, but relative weight of small …

Autoradiographic Localization Of Exogenously Supplied Amino Acids After Uptake By The Polychaete, Glycera Dibranchiata Ehlers, Paul Chien, Michael Rice

Michael A Rice

Localization of amino acid transport sites within the integument of Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers was carried out by freeze-section and freeze-dry histological techniques. The worms were exposed for one hour to the non-metabolizable amino acid analog c(14)-cycloleucine in seawater. Freeze-sectioning and freeze drying of tissue samples allows the localization of water soluble compounds by autoradiography. Amino acid uptake is largely across the parapodial gill surfaces and the epidermis. The gills become rapidly labelled with c(14)-cycloleucine to a greater extent than the epidermal cell layers. Coelomocytes within the gills become radiolabeled in one hour. It is suggested that the rapid labelling of …

Transport Of Dissolved Amino Acids By The Mussel, Mytilus Edulis: Demonstration Of Net Uptake From Natural Seawater, Donal T. Manahan, Stephen H. Wright, Grover C. Stephens, Michael A. Rice

Michael A Rice

High-performance liquid chromatography provides direct evidence for substantial removal of naturally occurring specific free amino acids during a single passage of water through the mantle cavity of mussels. This occurs during the few seconds required for passage of the water across the gill, and removal proceeds unabated at ambient concentrations as low as 38 nanomoles per liter.