Nutrition Commons^™

The Relationships Among Personality Traits, Food Consumption, And Anthropometrics In Healthy People, Chelsea Schwartz

Wayne State University Theses

Two out of three people are obese in the United States, but Western culture isn’t the only population suffering from obesity and comorbidities. Many factors contribute to this global epidemic and more recently various research suggests that personality traits can be used to predict eating behaviors. This study investigated the Big Five personality trait’s influence on food consumption to determine what traits contribute to healthy eating and what traits are susceptible to overeating and therefore, poor health consequences. The Big Five personality traits, anthropometric measures, and diet logs were used to assess 38 individuals for health-related behaviors and obesity-related risk …

The Efficacy Of Curcumin And Oil Palm Phenolics, As Potential Antidepressants, On The Serotonin Pathway In A Neuronal Rat Cell Line, Melanie Hutchings

Wayne State University Theses

Depression can be experienced by individuals of all ages, and can result in alterations of mood, decreased ability to function, and fatigue. Current treatment involves pharmaceuticals, which can result in adverse side effects, and there is a risk of relapse. Nutraceuticals are of interest because they may be able to work as efficiently as current treatments, and will cause fewer adverse effects. Curcumin and oil palm phenolics (OPP) are polyphenolic compounds that exhibit beneficial properties, including anti-oxidant and anti-cancer, and may assist in the regulation of diabetes. For this experiment, we utilized a neuronal rat cell line, RN46A-B14, which exhibits …

Imbalance Of Uracil Dna Glycosylase And Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Expression In Folate Depleted Human Lymphoblastoids, Elizabeth Zanley

Wayne State University Theses

Background: The DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway is responsible for processing of genomic uracil lesions however, in some tissue types the excisional and gap-filling steps performed by UNG2 and POLβ, respectively, are impaired by folate deficiency in human and murine models in vitro. Genomic uracil damage can be acquired by inadequate conversion of uracil to thymine nucleotide precursors resulting from insufficient folate cofactors, or through activation induced cytosine deaminase (AID) activity during antibody diversification in B-cells in the context of adaptive immunity. The immunoglobulin (Ig) diversification methods in B-cells depend on the coordinated interaction between AID and UNG2, and …

Effect Of Oil Palm Phenolics (Opp) On Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines, Inaam Abdul Karim

Wayne State University Theses

Pancreatic cancer (paca) is currently the fifth causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States. It’s an aggressive form of cancer with very low survival rates because of delayed diagnosis and limited treatment options. Gemcitabine is the chemotherapy drug that provides minimal benefits along with many side effects. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of oil palm phenolics (OPP) fraction-5, the water-soluble component of palm oil, in human pancreatic cancer cell models. Two pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1 and BxPC-3) were categorized into control and treatment groups. The control group received cell culture media …

The Effect Of Short-Term Supplementation Of Potato Starch And Vsl#3 On The Large Intestines Of Male C57bl/6 Mice, Kaitlyn R. Merz

Wayne State University Theses

The microbiome is extremely complex and presumed to be involved in several biological processes. Dysbiosis is associated with development of several diseases, therefore, eubiosis is essential for prevention and treatment, possibly achieved through prebiotic or probiotic supplementation. The objective of this study was to establish effects of short-term supplementation on large intestine microbiota, pH and inflammatory cytokines. Large intestines of 21 day old C57BL/6 male mice that were given a control diet or supplemented with 10% potato starch or VSL#3 short-term, were analyzed for shifts in bacteria, pH, and inflammatory cytokine concentration. Large intestine digesta bacteria concentration differed from feces …

Exploring The Short-Term Effects Of Probiotic And Prebiotic Supplementation On The Microbiota And Physiology Of Male C57bl/6 Mice, Miguel Angel Rivas

Wayne State University Theses

The gut microbiome may play a role in the development of chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Diets including prebiotics or probiotics can alter the abundance of gut bacterial groups and have subsequent health effects. In this study we wanted to establish a method for comparing the benefits of commercial supplements that alter the microbiota by monitoring fecal microbial profiles in male C57BL/6 mice (n = 24) exposed to 15 days of dietary supplementation. A probiotic diet (VSL#3) and a prebiotic diet (potato starch) were compared to a standard diet (n = 8 for each group). Microbial profiles …

Prevalence And Antimicrobial Resistance Of E. Coli And Enterococcus Species In Detroit Urban Agriculture, Liyanage Nirasha Wijayangi Perera

Wayne State University Theses

Urban farming is gaining popularity around the world as a sustainable agricultural system for providing heatlhy and inexpensive food. However, there are limited data available on the microbial safety related to this sector of agriculture. The objective of the present study was to examine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of E. coli and Enterococcus in soil and vegetables associated with urban agriculture.

A total of 19 soil samples and 48 vegetable samples, including 21 leafy greens and 27 root vegetables, were collected from three urban gardens in Detroit. E. coli and Enterococcus were isolated and identified by PCR. Enterococcus species …

Development Of Gi Sustainable Probiotic Beads Using Microencapsulation, Jiarun Cui

Wayne State University Theses

Scientists tend to pay a lot attention to probiotics in recent years, due to its health related benefits for humans. Encapsulation is a necessary way to protect probiotics from being killed by harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and to help probiotics to release in the intestinal environment. This study is mainly focusing on the encapsulation technique of Christensenella minuta, and the food product development of C. minuta beads. The extrusion technique was applied as the encapsulation method, with alginate as the encapsulation material. The effect of single encapsulation and double encapsulation of C. minuta was compared to determine the …

Investigation Into Roseburia Intesinalis For Optimal Growth And Survivability Conditions For Potential Probiotic Use, Lisa Rana Felczak

Wayne State University Theses

Obesity and diabetes is an epidemic of increasing concern. Certain novel bacteria have been found to be an aid in reversing some of the mechanisms associated. This study focused on investigating the optimal stability conditions for R.intestinalis that can associate with an increase in growth. First, environmental conditions were tested to find the optimal conditions associated with each. Once growth conditions were found, generation time was calculated and various prebiotics were used to investigate a potential for additional growth. Next, common antibiotics were tested to see if the R.intestinalis could still show growth when exposed. Large batches of R.intestinalis were …

The Potential Stimulation Of C. Minuta Growth By Various Prebiotics, And Its Sensitivity To Various Antibiotics, Maria Elena Hakim

Wayne State University Theses

Gut microbiota play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal health and integrity; a feature that is both heritable, as well as affected by the environment and lifestyle. Probiotics are supplements containing live microorganisms that act in a similar manner to gut microflora, and maintain a balance in the latter. C. minuta is a novel bacterium in the gut that was found to be associated with reduction in body weight and adiposity. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of different prebiotics on C. minuta growth, and the survival of C. minuta in response to different antibiotics. …

Effects Of Palm Oil Tocotrienols Rich Fraction On Cholesterol Efflux, Erandi Jayamini Jayawardana Arachchige

Wayne State University Theses

Tocotrienols are naturally occurring bioactive compounds which possess beneficial effects on multiple chronic diseases including atherosclerosis and cancer. It is believed to exert atheroprotective effects via promoting reverse cholesterol transport, a process that removes excess cholesterol from the body. Cholesterol efflux is an early step in reverse cholesterol transport and impaired cholesterol efflux is known to trigger foam cell formation, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. An increase in cholesterol efflux and decrease in cholesterol influx in macrophages has been suggested to reduce atherosclerosis risk by reducing foam cell formation. In addition, tocotrienols have shown anti-cancer effects on Non-small cell lung cancer …

The Effect Of Oil Palm Phenolics (Opp) And Curcumin On Plasma Metabolomic Profile In Atherogenic Diet Induced Rat Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease (Ad), Soniya Katekar

Wayne State University Theses

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widely recognized reason for dementia in the aging population. It is described by intellectual decay and deposition of ß-amyloid plaques in the hippocampus. It has been demonstrated that hypercholesterolemia incited by elevated cholesterol abstain from food is related with AD advancement. Expanded level of oxidative stress has additionally been seen in AD patients. An essential methodology to treat or postpone the disability depends on dietary change, utilizing nourishment supplements. OPP, a water-soluble fraction from oil palm fruit, rich in phenolics has been found to possess significant antioxidant activities. Curcumin, a polyphenol extricated from the …

Histological Evidence Of The Effect Of Oil Palm Phenolics In Atherogenic Diet Induced Rat Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Kenechukwu Monplaisir Monplaisir

Wayne State University Theses

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with the clinical presentation of memory loss and cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's disease pathology is the accumulation of beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

METHOD: In this study atherogenic diet was used to induce AD in aged Brown Norway rats. The rats were assigned to the following four groups fed isocaloric diets; control group (C ),high cholesterol diet (H), high cholesterol + oil palm phenolics group (HP), high cholesterol + curcumin group (HC). The impact of oil palm phenolics (OPP) on neuronal health and its effect on amyloid deposition was evaluated using histology …

Relationships Of Dietary Protein And Phosphorus With Protein Energy Wasting In Hemodialysis Patients, Dina Angela Tallman

Wayne State University Theses

Both higher dietary phosphorus intake and a greater dietary phosphorus to protein ratio are associated with increased death risk in hemodialysis (HD) patients even after adjustments for serum phosphorus, type of phosphate binder used, and dietary protein, energy, and potassium intake. Furthermore, dietary phosphorus restriction to control serum phosphorus is often associated with a reduction in protein intake, which is associated with muscle wasting and poor survival. One highly prevalent complication of end stage renal disease is protein energy wasting (PEW), a state of decreased body protein and fat mass, which is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality in …

Desensitization Of Hacat Keratinocytes To Vitamin D3 Occurs Via Loss Of Redd1 Regulation Of The Mtor Pathway, Michelle Leigh Jones

Wayne State University Theses

Vitamin D3 treatment has long been considered in the treatment of cancer due to its well-documented anti-proliferative effects in vitro. While clinical studies have been positive in other cancers, results are inconclusive in cases of basal cell carcinoma. To better understand the reasons underlying this disconnect, this study employs an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) to observe the effects of vitamin D3 treatment on cellular proliferation. The results show that both activate vitamin D3 (calcitriol) and its precursor (cholecalciferol) increase proliferation of these cells. Real-time PCR and western blot data indicate that the mTOR pathway becomes activated despite increased …

Detection Of Beneficial Microbiota In Mouse Colon, Aranya Linpisanl

Wayne State University Theses

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacterium are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics. They are present in the human gastrointestinal tract and have a significant influence on our health and well-being. Microbiota plays an important role in host metabolism and provides a natural defense mechanism against invading pathogens. This experiment was focusing on establish a method to detect the gastrointestinal tract microbiota, either by fecal or colonic tissue DNA extraction.

The experiment comparing 2 types of DNA extraction; ZR Fecal kit and DNAzol direct. DNAzol direct was easy to use but was not suitable for long term …

Delta-Tocotrienol Downregulates Mmp-9 Expression In Nsclc Cells, Rohini Sri Harshini Pindiprolu

Wayne State University Theses

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Unites States. The main types of lung cancer are small cell lung cancer and non small cell lung cancer. NSCLC accounts for about 80% of the cases with less than 15% of patients surviving beyond 5 years. Most common causes of lung cancer are smoking, inhaling asbestos fiber, radon gas, passive smoking, air pollution, familial predisposition, prior history of lung cancer etc. Surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, palliative care are commonly used treatment techniques for lung cancer. Radiation therapy is an important part of lung cancer management. The objective of this …

The Effect Of Dietary Folate On Tissue Folate Status, Ghada Aoun

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FOLATE ON TISSUE FOLATE STATUS.

by

Ghada Aoun

December 2015

Advisor: Dr. Diane Cabelof

Major: Nutrition & Food Science

Degree: Masters of Science

The folates are a family of structurally similar, water soluble, B vitamins that play a crucial role in human health and disease. Folate has an important role in the synthesis of DNA, DNA methylation, and cellular growth. Folate coenzymes function in accepting and donating one-carbon units in the folate metabolic pathway. Folate deficiency impairs DNA synthesis, induces cancer, and causes abnormalities such as neural tube defects and megaloblastic anemia. While scientific research …

Curcumin Attenuates The Effects Of Atherogenic Diet In Aged Male Brown Norway Rats, Vindhyaja Srirajavatsavai

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

CURCUMIN ATTENUATES THE EFFECTS OF ATHEROGENIC DIET IN AGED MALE BROWN NORWAY RATS

by

VINDHYAJA SRIRAJAVATSAVAI

DECEMBER 2015

Advisor: Dr. Smiti Gupta

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Master of Science

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a universal problem in modern society. Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Hyperlipidemia further leads to increased oxidation and inflammation. Curcumin has long been used as a spice and food-coloring agent. In experimental animals, curcumin has shown anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-oxidant properties. In this study, Aged Brown Norway Rats were fed 1 of 3 experimental diets: a …

Potential Antidiabetic And Antioxidant Activitys Of Selected Medicinal Plants, Paba Surangi Sathsara Saranasingha Edirisuriya

Wayne State University Theses

Explore traditionally used medicinal plants for diabetes mellitus would be beneficial to find an alternative option for controlling global diabetic prevalence. Present study aims to compare and identify potential antidiabetic activity in Tinospora cordifolia, Gymnema sylvestre and Aegle marmelos. Fifty percent acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of each plant were studied for anti-diabetic activity using different assays (ORAC, DPPH, ABTS, TPC, α-glucosidase inhibition). Total phenolic content and anti oxidant properties were significantly different among three plants. Tinospora cordifolia ethyl acetate extract possessed significantly higher anti oxidant activity and total phenolic content. DPPH and ABTS results were significantly correlated with each …

Effects Of Statin Drugs And Tocotrienol Rich Fraction Supplementation In Chronic Hemodialysis Patients And Metabolomic Profile, Eno Latifi

Wayne State University Theses

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known as a heterogeneous disorder which currently is on the rise and lately has been classified as a public health issues in the United State and worldwide. CKD is an irreversible and progressive disease which can lead to kidney failure, and this is depicted by the advanced stage of the disorder when it reaches the point, that is classified as end stage of renal disease (ESRD) (Stage 5 of CKD) (eGRF <15 mL/min/ 1.73 m2 working capacity), where both organs are in a total or permanent kidney failure. End-Stage renal disease patients, on hemodialysis have been associated to experience an accelerated form of atherosclerosis, which is induced by inflammation, impairment of antioxidant system and elevated oxidative stress. Since the problem effecting ESRD patients is multifactorial, the objective of this investigation is to explore and look at the effects of supplementing with vitamin E-tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF), a micronutrient which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid lower capabilities into tackling these comorbid conditions experienced by this population. Therefore the aims of this investigation will be to explore changes in lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and oxidative status, as well as look at any changes in metabolomic profiles. It was hypothesized that by supplementing with TRF a vitamin E, for 16 weeks in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis, it may help reverse and/or improve, oxidative status, inflammatory markers, increase antioxidants status and improve lipid profiles.

The study was double-blinded, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled design trial, of 81 adult patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis at Great Lake Dialysis Clinic, Detroit MI, where …

Comparitive Study On Antioxidant Properties Of Dendrobium Officinale (Tiepishihu), Wenjun Zhu

Wayne State University Theses

For ages, Chinese herbs, such as Dendrobium Officinale (DO), have been used in Asian regions for treating various illnesses due to the high medicinal value. In this study, the DO plant Acetone and Ethanolic extracts possibly containing antioxidants were tested using different methodologies for comparison and determination of specific antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic content assay expressed as Gallic Acid Equivalent showed 9.43±;0.23 mg GAE /g of extract. Further analysis using DPPH· assay indicated that antioxidants presented in the sample were able to significantly scavenge 37% and 44% radicals at the concentrations of 25mg/ml and 50mg/mL respectively, after a period …

Effect Of Long Term Rapamycin Treatment On Mtor Signalling Network In Colon And Liver Of C57bl/6 Mice, John Sorge

Wayne State University Theses

Many studies have investigated the effects of rapamycin on aging and cancer. However, the effects of long-term rapamycin supplementation on a cancer model have not been performed. This is the first study that investigates the effects of long-term supplementation of rapamycin in a cancer model. ACF analysis of colon tissues in mice showed no significant difference between controls and those supplemented with rapamycin. Factors such as energy balance, cellular environment, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and more have been assessed in this study. The duration of rapamycin supplementation seems to play an important role in the protection against cancer. Ultimately, this study suggests …

The Impact Of Down Syndrome And Folate Depletion On Genomic Stabilizing Pathways Of Lymphoblastoid Cells, Khadijah Ibrahim Alnabbat

Wayne State University Theses

Understanding the role of nutrition plays in Down syndrome (DS) could help in the development and implementation of strategies that help overcome the negative consequences phenotypes of Down syndrome. Conserving genome integrity is crucial for cells to survive, and thus understanding how genetic defects induce damage to genomic DNA and impair subsequent repair of this damage is important. Evidence accumulated points to increased DNA damage and mutation accumulation associated with a decline in DNA repair capacity, Base Excision Repair (BER) in particular. Thus, the successful clinical management of DS resides in understanding the metabolic imbalance provoked by overexpression of genes …

Compare Effects Of Diets Made With Different Saturated Fatty Acids On Body Weight Regulation And Metabolism In Wister Rats, Dilruba Fatema

Wayne State University Theses

Animal fats are known to cause elevated blood total and low-density- lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in humans and animals. This study was designed to investigate the effects of both the quality (coconut oil and a modified beef tallow with reduced saturated fatty acid content) and quantity (low and high) of dietary fat in body weight regulation and alteration of blood cholesterol levels in an animal model. Forty two male Wister rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control Low Fat (CLF, n=10), Control High Fat (CHF, n=10), Modified Low Fat (MLF, n=11), and Modified High Fat (MLF, n=11). They were …

Comparative Phenolic Content And Antioxidant Activities Of Blueberry (Vaccinium Corymbosum) Afected By In Vitro Digestion, Sonia Gharbi

Wayne State University Theses

Abstract

COMPARATIVE PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM) AFECTED BY IN VITRO DIGESTION

By

SONIA GHARBI

May 2014

Adviser: Dr. Kevin Zhou

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Master of Science

The biological properties of antioxidants depend on their release from the food matrix during the digestion process. Blueberry contains a wide range of phenolic compounds which are of great significance due to their antioxidant activity. In vitro digestion is a rapid and inexpensive method used to determine the availability of nutrients involved in the absorption studies with humans. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Vaccinium …

Saudi Arabian Students In Detroit Use Natural Health Products More So Than Other University Students In Detroit, Samiah Naji Alqahtani

Wayne State University Theses

Natural Health Products (NHP), are defined as products that derive from organisms and may include supplements and herbal/traditional remedies. Prior research indicates that females use NHP more than males. We have unpublished data to show that students use NHP for health maintenance with significantly different use of NHP by Native/Aboriginal students vs. other students. Less is known about Saudi students. We hypothesize that: (1) There are gender differences in NHP used; and (2) There are geo-ethnic differences in NHP used. We also determine the predictor variables that influence NHP use by students. Students from Wayne State University (n=560; 193 …

Effect Of Folate Deficiency On Mtor Signaling Network On The Liver Of Wild Type Mice, Essra Moussawi

Wayne State University Theses

Through various studies of dietary nutrients on the affects of the physiological and molecular pathways are a key study in understanding the interaction between dietary nutrients and the human genome that may severely impact the development of various cancers. A primary approach is observing the dietary nutrients, that we consume and how it plays a role in the cellular pathway of our bodies through experimental methods. Folate deficiency (FD) has shown, through studies, to play a role anti-cancer progression. Our goal was to observe the autophagy related proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway as it was suggested that mTOR may …

Effect Of Folate Deficiency On Expression Of Proteins On The Mtor Signaling Pathway In The Brain Of C57/Bl6 Mice, Nikita Patel

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

EFFECT OF FOLATE DEFICIENCY ON EXPRESSION OF PROTEINS ON THE mTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY IN THE BRAIN OF C57/BL6 MICE

by

NIKITA PATEL

December 2014

Advisor: Dr. Ahmad Heydari

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Master of Science

Nutrient-gene interactions can significantly impact several cellular processes in the human body by altering important molecular pathways. Nutrition can affect brain structure, function and development throughout the life cycle; it can have a profound effect on cognition ad mental health leading to neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to elucidate the mechanisms by which diet can effect signaling pathways in the brain. The …

Evaluation Of Effectiveness Of Classroom-Based Nutrition Intervention On Changes In Eating Behavior In African American Parents/Caregivers And Their Children., Nesrine Akil

Wayne State University Theses

Although obesity rate has increased steadily over the past 20 years in the US, a 2006 report showed that the obesity rate is expected to continue to rise, with 13.9% of children between the ages of 2 to 5 years are considered overweight. However, 26.2% were considered at risk of becoming overweight. The parents/caregivers are the key players for developing their children's healthy or unhealthy eating habits since they are the specific determinants of food selection, serving structured meals and being the role models to their children by eating the same food offered themselves. This reflects the parents' significant roles …