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Articles 1 - 30 of 101
Full-Text Articles in Microbiology
Expression Of Sars Cov2 Receptors Influenced Upon Cytokine Polarizations (Il-4 And Ifnγ) In Hemangioendothelioma Cells, Chandra Lekha Koopari
Expression Of Sars Cov2 Receptors Influenced Upon Cytokine Polarizations (Il-4 And Ifnγ) In Hemangioendothelioma Cells, Chandra Lekha Koopari
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Endothelial cells are distinct multifunctional cells with essential metabolic and synthetic roles along with their ability to function as selective permeability barrier. Endothelial cells (ECs), the major component of blood vessels, essentially interact directly yet differently with inflammatory cytokines. ECs are well recognized to be polarized cells, but little is known about the potential function of inflammatory mediators. Covid 19 may have long-term health effects on par with chronic illnesses. Vascular inflammatory disease and coagulopathy linked to COVID-19 are exacerbated by endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell through the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and primes …
Ifn-Γ Increases The Expression Of Sars-Cov-2 Receptors On Vero E6 Cells, Bindu Madhavi Madabattula
Ifn-Γ Increases The Expression Of Sars-Cov-2 Receptors On Vero E6 Cells, Bindu Madhavi Madabattula
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Respiratory epithelial cells are the initial target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-γ is known to increase the expression of ACE-2, an initial receptor for SARS-CoV-2, on epithelial cells. This study focuses on examining the effect of IFN-γ for ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and neuropilin-1 on Vero E6 cells using two immunofluorescence methods, namely, direct (membrane) fluorescence method and Cytation5 method. Direct fluorescence was determined using an Accu-Scope and ImageJ analysis. Using this method, significance (p<0.023) was observed only for ACE-2 when Vero E6 cells were treated with IFN-γ. Cytation5 fluorescence was determined using a Bio-tek Cytation5 plate reader. The results showed that IFN-γ significantly increased (p<0.001) the expression of ACE-2, neuropilin-1, and TMPRSS2. These results indicate Cytation5 is a more sensitive method for determining the expression of receptors on Vero E6 cells. The elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2 receptors expression resulting from IFN-γ treatment makes the epithelial cells more susceptible targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-γ is most likely provided by innate immune cells in the initial COVID-19 infection, consequently contributing to the severity of disease.
Investigating Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Adenovirus Co-Infections Of Lung Epithelial Cells, Mark Nicholas Calabro
Investigating Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Adenovirus Co-Infections Of Lung Epithelial Cells, Mark Nicholas Calabro
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Co-infection is common among viruses and bacteria in the human respiratory system. Adenovirus (AdV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are clinically relevant respiratory pathogens that cause morbidity and mortality in a variety of patient populations with the highest morbidity occurring among immunocompromised individuals, but also prevalent in infants and the elderly. Acute respiratory distress syndrome may become severe in healthy individuals when co-infection with S. pneumoniae and AdV occurs due to synergistic effects of the pathogens on the host. I hypothesized that S. pneumoniae infection decreases AdV transduction of airway epithelia. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the polarized immortalized airway epithelial …
Il-10 And Tgf-Beta Increase Connexin-43 Expression And Membrane Potential Of Hl-1 Cardiomyocytes Coupled With Raw 264.7 Macrophages, Cora B. Cox
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Cardiomyocytes and macrophages have been found to interact via connexin-43 hemichannels. The role of connexin-43, however, is not fully understood. This study shows that these interactions aid in increasing the membrane potential of cardiomyocytes allowing contraction of the cells. HL-1 cardiomyocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages in coculture increased expression of connexin-43 compared to cardiomyocytes alone. Co-cultures also increased the fluorescence of Di-8-ANEPPS potentiometric dye indicating an increase in cardiomyocyte membrane potential. Treatment with IL-10 and TGF-beta further increased connexin-43 expression and membrane potential. Treatment with SOCS3 inhibited the effects of TGF-beta and IL-10 while having no effect on its own. …
Investigating Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Adenovirus Co-Infections Of Lung Epithelial Cells, Mark Nicholas Calabro
Investigating Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Adenovirus Co-Infections Of Lung Epithelial Cells, Mark Nicholas Calabro
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Co-infection is common among viruses and bacteria in the human respiratory system. Adenovirus (AdV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are clinically relevant respiratory pathogens that cause morbidity and mortality in a variety of patient populations with the highest morbidity occurring among immunocompromised individuals, but also prevalent in infants and the elderly. Acute respiratory distress syndrome may become severe in healthy individuals when co-infection with S. pneumoniae and AdV occurs due to synergistic effects of the pathogens on the host. I hypothesized that S. pneumoniae infection decreases AdV transduction of airway epithelia. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the polarized immortalized airway epithelial …
The Persisting Threats Of Cholera: A Cyclical Public Health Problem In Ghana, Rita Laryea Amediavor
The Persisting Threats Of Cholera: A Cyclical Public Health Problem In Ghana, Rita Laryea Amediavor
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The prevalence of communicable diseases continues to be one of the continent's leading causes of deaths. Cholera is a waterborne disease triggered by toxigenic strains of the Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio Cholerae O1 strain and less common O139 strain. with symptoms such as severe acute watery diarrhea and vomiting leading to dehydration, progressing to hypovolemic shock and death if not treated timely due to its short incubation period (Pasetto et al., 2018). West African countries are largely portrayed as endemic to cholera, though the dynamics of outbreaks in these developing countries remain largely uncertain. The purpose of the study is to …
Potential Role Of Ahr In Antibody Production, Mili Bhakta
Potential Role Of Ahr In Antibody Production, Mili Bhakta
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates the immunosuppressive effects of 2,3,7,8 -tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) in murine B cells. The effects of AhR activation on the regulation of expression of human immunoglobulin isotypes (μ, γ1-4, α1-2 and ε) and Ig secretion is unclear. Our previous results using CL-01 cell-line originating from a Burkitt’s lymphoma patient, demonstrated an inhibitory effect of TCDD on IgG expression but a surprising and marked loss of IgG secretion when the AhR was knocked out by siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. To determine if the AhR is a critical mediator of IgG expression, current study is focused on characterizing …
The Response Of M0, M1, And M2 Raw246.7 Macrophage Cell Line To Hsv-1 Infection In Vitro, Amani Mohammed Alhazmi
The Response Of M0, M1, And M2 Raw246.7 Macrophage Cell Line To Hsv-1 Infection In Vitro, Amani Mohammed Alhazmi
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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) infection occurs through the epithelial cells of the skin or mucous membranes. The beginning of the primary infection is rapid and is characterized by pain in the mouth, salivation, and submandibular lymphadenitis. The infected mucosa produces numerous, small and red lesions known as cold sores, however, many cases are asymptomatic. After the primary infection HSV-1 moves through the nerve to stay in trigeminal ganglia and to cause a recurrent infection from time to time. In the early hours of the HSV-1 infection, the cytokines produced by infected cells are critical in the stimulation of …
Genetic Study Of Checkpoint Defects Of The Mus81-1 Mutant In The Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces Pombe, Darlington Osei Abrefa
Genetic Study Of Checkpoint Defects Of The Mus81-1 Mutant In The Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces Pombe, Darlington Osei Abrefa
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In response to various perturbations of DNA replication, the DNA replication checkpoint is activated in eukaryotes to stimulate a cascade of cellular responses that are crucial for maintaining genome stability and cell survival. Defects in the checkpoint pathway result in mutations and genome instability, which is a hallmark for cancers. This study used a genetic approach to identify a mutation in the MMS (methyl methanesulfonate) and UV-sensitive protein Mus81, a DNA repair enzyme that resolves aberrant DNA structures through the homologous recombination pathway. We show that a single missense mutation, identified in fission yeast mus81-1, causes moderate reduction in the …
Six-Nine Months Long Term Culture Of Mouse Bone Marrow Cells Differentiated To Macrophages And Eosinophils, Olena B. Svitlova
Six-Nine Months Long Term Culture Of Mouse Bone Marrow Cells Differentiated To Macrophages And Eosinophils, Olena B. Svitlova
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Mouse models of eosinophil-associated diseases have been used to study the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. In this study, mouse-derived bone marrow cells were used in long-term (6 and 9 months) cell cultures of differentiated eosinophils and macrophages. IL-5 was used to differentiate the stem cells to eosinophils and GM-CSF was used to propagate macrophages from the bone marrow stem cells. The maximum time period for observing the eosinophil cultures was 252 days which is censurably longer than the 18 days culture period observed by others. The results were assessed by describing the microscopic cell morphology by Wright staining, modified Giemsa …
Enhanced Expression Of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Mer (Mertk) On Socs3-Treated Polarized Raw 264.7 Anti-Inflammatory M2c Macrophages, Sankhadip Bhadra
Enhanced Expression Of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Mer (Mertk) On Socs3-Treated Polarized Raw 264.7 Anti-Inflammatory M2c Macrophages, Sankhadip Bhadra
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Macrophages are phagocytic cells located in tissues, organs and even circulated within our body as white blood cells. They are critical in detecting tissue damage and infection. Resident tissue macrophages initiate the signals for inflammation recruiting neutrophils and blood monocytes which mature into macrophages at sites of infection and in the resolution of inflammation. Based on the local cytokine milieu in tissue sites, macrophages may be polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Receptor tyrosine kinase Mer (MERTK) helps in clearing dead neutrophils and other apoptotic cells from damaged tissue sites preventing chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders. MERTK aids …
The Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Tahirah M. Madkhali
The Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Tahirah M. Madkhali
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Macrophages are essential phagocytic cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune systems and play vital roles in the host defense and inflammation. Macrophages have a remarkably high capacity to clear unnecessary cellular materials in interstitial environment through a process called “phagocytosis”, which is affected by many factors including suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS). SOCSs are a group of intracellular proteins that downregulate the cytokine signals involved in various JAK/STAT pathways through a negative feedback loop. This study focuses on investigating the effects of SOCS1 and SOCS3 on the phagocytic ability of RAW 264.7 macrophages polarized into M2a with IL-4/IL-13 …
Hsv-1 Replication In Different Raw 264.7 And J774.1 Macrophage Phenotypes And Macrophage Viability Following Hsv-1 Infection, Yousef Nifaj Alanazi
Hsv-1 Replication In Different Raw 264.7 And J774.1 Macrophage Phenotypes And Macrophage Viability Following Hsv-1 Infection, Yousef Nifaj Alanazi
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HSV-1 is a ubiquitous virus capable of causing lifelong latent infection. The virus contains a large double strand DNA genome covered by an icosahedral capsid. HSV-1 is a cytolytic virus which can cause a lethal infection. The virus possesses critical protein ICP0 which is capable of interfering with host cell signaling and eventually prevent cell apoptosis. Innate immunity plays a crucial role in defense against HSV-1 infection and macrophage plays a significant role in the innate immune system. Macrophage cells can alter their behavior depending upon certain stimuli and tissue environments. Naive macrophage (M0) cells can be polarized to a …
The Impact Of Cytokines And Hsv-1 On Rab5 Protein Expression, F-Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangement, And Cell Viability Of Uninfected And Virus-Infected M0, M1, And M2 Raw264.7 Murine Macrophages, Muhannad Falah Alruwaili
The Impact Of Cytokines And Hsv-1 On Rab5 Protein Expression, F-Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangement, And Cell Viability Of Uninfected And Virus-Infected M0, M1, And M2 Raw264.7 Murine Macrophages, Muhannad Falah Alruwaili
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The endocytic pathway in all eukaryotic cells is necessary to maintain cellular functions, such as initiating transport of intracellular cargos and ingesting pathogens. The main regulator of this process is a member of small GTPase family, Rab5 protein. Rab5 protein plays a key role in the endocytic dynamic delivery of molecules, receptors, and pathogens from the cell membrane to cytoplasmic vesicles.as well as in the exocytic delivery of cellular products to the cell's exterior (Bonifacino & Glick, 2004). Many pathogens have exploited this protein to enter cells. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) enters most cells by fusion or utilizes …
The Response Of Unpolarized Macrophages (Raw 264.7)/Keratinocytes (Pam-212) Monolayer And Co-Culture System To Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (Hsv-1) Replication During The Infection., Fahad Mohammed Alradi
The Response Of Unpolarized Macrophages (Raw 264.7)/Keratinocytes (Pam-212) Monolayer And Co-Culture System To Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (Hsv-1) Replication During The Infection., Fahad Mohammed Alradi
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Keratinocytes and neurons cells are the main target for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) invasion. Moreover, keratinocytes are the most abundant cell types in the epidermis layer in the skin. Therefore, they are the first cells to encounter HSV-1 in the primary infection. Next, the virus reaches the nerve endings and is transferred to neuronal cells as a result from the primary infection. In between these two events, innate immune cells including monocytes and macrophages response is activated and recruited to the infection site. In this study, keratinocytes (PAM-212) and murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell lines were utilized to …
The Effects Of Socs1, Socs3 And Hsv-1 Infection On Morphology, Cell Viability And Rab7 Expression In Polarized M1 And M2 Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages, Jessica Renee Hey
The Effects Of Socs1, Socs3 And Hsv-1 Infection On Morphology, Cell Viability And Rab7 Expression In Polarized M1 And M2 Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages, Jessica Renee Hey
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HSV-1 causes a life-long infection in its host and has evolved multiple strategies to facilitate infection and evade the immune response. This virus has been found to enter cells by both endocytosis and fusion. The way the virus exploits endocytosis is not fully understood. Recent studies have uncovered roles of Rab GTPases, key regulators in intracellular membrane trafficking pathways, in distinct steps of the HSV-1 life cycle (Raza et al., 2018). This study will focus on analyzing the levels of the late endosomal regulator Rab7 expression in macrophages infected with HSV-1. Revealing the effect of virus on the levels of …
Effects Of Voluntary Physical Rehabilitation On Neurogenesis In Svz And Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke, Anuranjani Balakrishnan
Effects Of Voluntary Physical Rehabilitation On Neurogenesis In Svz And Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke, Anuranjani Balakrishnan
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Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability and 87% of all strokes are due to ischemic strokes. In this current study, we examined whether voluntary physical rehabilitation can influence neurogenesis (measured by Doublecortin) in the subventricular zone and show improved motor functional recovery in 10-12 month female rats after ischemia. We saw a significant increase in the neurogenesis (measured by doublecortin) of all three regions (anterior, middle and posterior) of SVZ in the rehab animals compared to control group when using a two-way variance ANOVA test, although we were unable to see significant differences in paired t-tests of similar …
Virus Production And Cell Viability Of Hsv-1-Infected Murine Keratinocytes (Hel-30) Co-Cultured With Murine Macrophages (Raw 264.7), Barry Graffagna
Virus Production And Cell Viability Of Hsv-1-Infected Murine Keratinocytes (Hel-30) Co-Cultured With Murine Macrophages (Raw 264.7), Barry Graffagna
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Keratinocytes are the most abundant type of cell in the outer layer of skin, the epidermis, and provide barrier against pathogens from invading. However, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) targets these keratinocytes for infection, and later infects neurons to establish lifelong latency. The keratinocytes stimulate the innate immune system to engage and to destroy the virus. Among the cells of the innate immune system to respond to the viral invasion is the macrophage. In this study, RAW 264.7 macrophage and HEL-30 keratinocyte monolayers were challenged in vitro with HSV-1 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 to investigate …
A Novel Molecular Relationship Between Parn And Pld That, When Deregulated, Contributes To The Aggressive Phenotype Of Breast Cancer Cell Lines., Taylor Elaine Miller
A Novel Molecular Relationship Between Parn And Pld That, When Deregulated, Contributes To The Aggressive Phenotype Of Breast Cancer Cell Lines., Taylor Elaine Miller
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The removal of mRNA transcript poly(A) tails by 3'-5' exonucleases is the rate-limiting step for controlled mRNA decay in eukaryotes. Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) is one such exonuclease that degrades poly(A) tails, and although its in vitro activity is well-characterized, PARN’s patho-physiological roles in the cell are not well understood. Prior studies have found a possible role for PARN in cancer, in that PARN expression levels in human breast cancer tissues are often decreased compared to normal control tissues. Indeed, data mined from the ONCOMINE cancer array database showed that PARN is downregulated in patient invasive breast carcinoma samples compared to …
Genomic Vs. Non-Genomic Role Of The Ahr In Human Immunoglobulin Expression, Nasser Alhamdan
Genomic Vs. Non-Genomic Role Of The Ahr In Human Immunoglobulin Expression, Nasser Alhamdan
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The immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (Igh) in various animal models is regulated by numerous regulatory elements including the 3’Igh regulatory region (3’IghRR). Several transcription factors are involved in modulating the 3’IghRR including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the transcription of genes involved in the metabolism of environmental toxicants such as TCDD. TCDD binds AhR and regulates immunoglobulin (Ig) expression in B cells. This modulation appears to be directly mediated by binding of the AhR to dioxin response elements (DRE) within the 3’IghRR. In human B cells, IgG secretion inhibited by TCDD …
Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Colt Dylan Capan
Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Colt Dylan Capan
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Macrophages play a key role in both the innate and adaptive immune system responses to foreign materials. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are known as regulators of the immune response through various JAK/STAT pathways. This study examined the roles of SOCS1 and SOCS3 peptide mimetics on the phagocytosis of fluorescently labeled malignant target cell by RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The malignant cells used were Neuro-2a cells, a murine neuroblastoma cell line. A prominent “eat me” signal found in neuroblastoma cells is calreticulin (CRT), which permits macrophages to recognize and then phagocytize the malignant cells. When M1 (pro-inflammatory) polarized macrophages were …
Vitamin D3 And Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling Proteins Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines In An Alzheimer's Disease Like-Model Consisting Of Microglial And Neuronal Co-Cultures, Alexander Evdokiou
Vitamin D3 And Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling Proteins Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines In An Alzheimer's Disease Like-Model Consisting Of Microglial And Neuronal Co-Cultures, Alexander Evdokiou
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This study examined the inflammatory effects of amyloid-beta (A[beta]42) in a microglial-neuronal co-culture system and determined whether 1a, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) along with suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS 3 mimetics would attenuate the inflammatory response to A[beta]42. This culture system, when seeded with A[beta]42, serves as an in vitro model for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a neuronal-microglia co-culture, A[beta]42 stimulated microglia to secrete TNF-a, but with the addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3, TNF-a levels dropped by nearly eight-fold and to near zero values in the presence of both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and SOCS1 and SOCS 3 mimetics. The reduction of the inflammatory …
The Impact Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Rho And Cdc42 Proteins Expression, F-Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements, And Cytokines Production Of Uninfected And Hsv-1 Infected M1 And M2 Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages, Maha A. Elwardany
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The immune system plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of HSV-1 during the lytic phase of the disease, orchestrating the inflammatory response, retaining the virus in its latent phase and preventing the recurrence of HSV-1 infection. Macrophages display a vital role in the innate and adaptive immune responses during multiple phases of HSV-1 infection. Polarized macrophages are categorized into two distinct classes with diverse functions. The classically activated M1 can engulf and destroy the microbial agents, produce proinflammatory cytokines, and participate in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. The alternatively activated M2 induces anti-inflammatory mediators and stimulates tissue remodeling …
Cytokine Expression, Cytoskeleton Organization, And Viability Of Sim-A9 Microglia Exposed To Staphylococcus Aureus-Derived Lipoteichoic Acid And Peptidoglycan, Erin Roberts
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In these experiments, SIM-A9 microglia were exposed to Staphylococcus aureus cell wall components lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) at a concentration of 5 ug/mL for six, twelve, eighteen, and twenty-four hours and the cytokine expression, cytoskeleton organization, and cell viability of the cells were observed. Following LTA and PGN exposure, TNF-a; secretion increased at each time interval and was highest observed at 24 hours. No significant IL-10 secretion was detected. Over the 24 hour period, cell viability and cytotoxicity of LTA and PGN treatment groups were not significantly different from the control, indicating the observed inflammatory cytokine response was …
Effects Of Myrrh On Hsv-1 Using Plaque Assay, Badrieah Mohammad Alamri
Effects Of Myrrh On Hsv-1 Using Plaque Assay, Badrieah Mohammad Alamri
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly infective human pathogen which infects a wide range of population in North America and worldwide. HSV-1 infection has two phases, lytic and latent. Recurrence of HSV-1 is a major challenge to clinicians to control the infection especially in immune depleted individuals. Acyclovir (ACV) is an antiviral drug used to treat HSV-1 infection. Low solubility of ACV in water, mutation of viral thymidine kinase, and mutation of viral DNA polymerase are major problems that cause usage limitations of ACV. Myrrh has been used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory natural product in middle …
Antimicrobial Activity Of Fractionated Borohydride-Capped And Electrochemical Colloidal Silver, Marjorie M. Markopoulos
Antimicrobial Activity Of Fractionated Borohydride-Capped And Electrochemical Colloidal Silver, Marjorie M. Markopoulos
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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ionic silver (Ag+) are known to be broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Recent studies show these agents may be an alternative to the most widely used drinking water disinfectant, chlorine. Chlorine is a toxic industrial chemical with a lethal concentration of 430 ppm after 30 minutes. Additionally, chlorine can react with naturally occurring materials to produce a number of disinfection byproducts such as chloroform and trihalomethanes. Some of these byproducts pose cancer risks in addition to other negative impacts to human health. These would be eliminated with the use of Ag+ or AgNPs. The main goal of this …
Effect Of Exposure Of Raw264.7 Macrophages To Salmonella Typhimurium Components On Cell Viability, Cytoskeleton Re-Arrangement And Cytokine Secretion, Khalid Abdullah Alyahya
Effect Of Exposure Of Raw264.7 Macrophages To Salmonella Typhimurium Components On Cell Viability, Cytoskeleton Re-Arrangement And Cytokine Secretion, Khalid Abdullah Alyahya
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Innate immune system plays an important role in individual's protection against pathogens and in activation of adaptive immune system. Utilizing RAW 264.7 murine macrophages as an innate immune response representative in this study, we analyzed the effect of invasive pathogen's components (e.g. flagellin) on the arrangement of macrophage's cytoskeleton, on viability of immune cells and on secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and on fluorescence intensity of cytoskeleton after rearrangement. Additionally, we studied the similarity and differences between bacterial (Salmonella typhimurium) and synthetic TLR4 agonist (synthetic lipid-A) on viability, fluorescence intensity, cytokine secretion, and cytoskeleton rearrangements. Similarly, we studied the …
Dnp63a Suppresses Cell Invasion By Targeting Rac1 Through Mir-320a, Amjad Ahmed Aljagthmi
Dnp63a Suppresses Cell Invasion By Targeting Rac1 Through Mir-320a, Amjad Ahmed Aljagthmi
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DNp63a, a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, is overexpressed in a number of cancers and known to play a role in proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. DNp63a has been shown to regulate several microRNAs that play a role in both development and cancer, but to date there has not been a global analysis of p63- regulated miRNA. Using next-generation sequencing of small RNA from wild type and sip63 transfected HaCaT cells, our laboratory recently identified a number of DNp63a- regulated miRNAs by RNA-Seq studies which may serve as biomarkers of cancer progression. We identified a novel miRNA, …
Vitamin D3 And Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling Proteins Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines In An Alzheimer’S Disease Like-Model Consisting Of Microglial And Neuronal Co-Cultures, Alexander Evdokiou
Vitamin D3 And Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling Proteins Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines In An Alzheimer’S Disease Like-Model Consisting Of Microglial And Neuronal Co-Cultures, Alexander Evdokiou
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This study examined the inflammatory effects of amyloid-ß (Aß42) in a microglial-neuronal co-culture system and determined whether 1a, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) along with suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS 3 mimetics would attenuate the inflammatory response to Aß42. This culture system, when seeded with Aß42, serves as an in vitro model for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In a neuronal-microglia co-culture, Aß42 stimulated microglia to secrete TNF-a, but with the addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3, TNF-a levels dropped by nearly eight-fold and to near zero values in the presence of both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and SOCS1 and SOCS 3 mimetics. The reduction of the inflammatory …
The Effect Of Gram-Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Cell Wall Components Lipoteichoic Acid And Peptidoglycan On Cytokine Production, Cytoskeletal Arrangement, And Cell Viability On Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages, Gabrielle String
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In this study, gram positive Staphylococcus aureus cell wall components such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) were used to study the potential inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine response, cytoskeletal arrangement and cell viability on RAW264.7 murine macrophages over 24 hours. The effect of S.aureus LTA and PGN (5 µg/mL) on RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated every six hours for twenty-four hours. Inflammatory cytokine (TNF-a) production peaked at 6 hours before decreasing over time. Anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) production peaked between 12 and 18 hours. During the first twenty-four hours, cytotoxicity of treated macrophages, as defined as the release of lactate …