Kinesiology Commons^™

An Accurate Vo2max Non-Exercise Regression Model For 18 To 65 Year Old Adults, Danielle I. Bradshaw

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a regression equation to predict VO2max based on non-exercise (N-EX) data. All participants (N = 100), aged 18-65 years old, successfully completed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) to assess VO2max (mean ± SD; 39.96 mL∙kg-¹∙min&sup-1; ± 9.54 mL∙kg-¹∙min-¹). The N-EX data collected just before the maximal GXT included the participant's age, gender, body mass index (BMI), perceived functional ability (PFA) to walk, jog, or run given distances, and current physical activity (PA-R) level. Multiple linear regression generated the following N-EX prediction equation (R = .93, SEE = 3.45 mL∙kg-¹∙min-¹, %SEE = …

The Effects Of Neoprene Sleeve Application On Knee Joint Proprioception In Adolescent Female Athletes., George Ballou Barrett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fifteen female subjects ages 13-16 were recruited to determine if differences exist in knee joint proprioception, with and without application of a neoprene knee sleeve (NKS), when performing reproduction of target angle test (RTA), movement sensation test (MS) using a Biodex testing machine, and single leg standing test. Ten subjects had not worn a NKS and five subjects had worn a NKS.

After completing all IRB approved documentation subjects underwent a test trial of each of the three testing methods. Subjects were randomly assigned a number that determined if the subject began the test trial with or without a NKS. …

The Osteogenic Effects Of 12 Weeks Of Oral Supplementation Of Androstenedione In Middle-Aged Men., Troy Matthew Wills

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent evidence suggests that declining bone mineral density (BMD) in males is related to declining circulating estrogens. The majority of endogenous plasma estrogens in males result from peripheral aromatization of plasma androgens. Thus, it was hypothesized that dietary supplementation with an aromatizable androgen (androstenedione) may stimulate increases in BMD.

BMD (measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and biochemical markers of bone turnover (1, 25 OH2 Vitamin D, calcitonin, deoxypyrodinoline, and parathyroid hormone) were assessed before and after 12 weeks of dietary androstenedione supplementation (200 mg/d). Twenty-four volunteers were randomized into either an androstenedione supplementation or placebo groups. Study volunteers also …

A New Approach To Modeling Vertical Stiffness In Heel-Toe Distance Runners, Iain Hunter

Faculty Publications

Various models have been used to describe distance running technique. Among these, the mass-spring model is fairly simple to use and apply, but when employed as a model, does not predict vertical force accurately especially when a heel strike is exhibited. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the mass-spring model can be modified to provide a simple, yet accurate prediction of ground reaction forces in distance running. Sixteen subjects ran on a force instrumented treadmill. Vertical forces during running at a self-selected pace were collected at 500 Hz. Vertical stiffness was calculated using the conventional mass-spring model …

Variables Associated With The Likelihood Of Adopting A Policy Of Hiring Nonsmokers Only Among Nonprofit Organizations In Omaha, Nebraska, Jillian M. Golden

Student Work

Tobacco use in the U.S. is the cause of approximately 440,000 deaths annually and is the leading preventable cause of death. Smoking can result in death due to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. Smoking can also result in death due to cancers such as lung cancer, respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis, and other deaths including diseases among infants and bum deaths (American Cancer Society, 2003). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that due to smoking, the cost of medical care and lost productivity added up to approximately $157 billion each year …

The Effects Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction On Tibial Rotation During Pivoting After Descending Stairs, Stavros Ristanis, Giannis Giakas, Christos D. Papageorgiou, Constantina O. Moraiti, Nikolaos Stergiou, Anastasios D. Georgoulis

Journal Articles

Recent in vitro research suggests that ACL reconstruction does not restore tibial rotation. This study investigated rotational knee joint stability in vivo during a combined descending and pivoting movement that applies a high rotational load to the knee joint. We studied 20 ACL reconstructed patients (bone–patellar tendon–bone graft) and 15 matched controls with a six-camera optoelectronic system performing the examined movement. In the control group the results showed no significant differences in the amount of tibial rotation between the two sides. No significant differences were also found between the contralateral intact leg of the ACL group and the healthy control. …

A Longitudinal Examination Of Flow As A Predictor Of Recreational Exercise, Brian Michael Chichester

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Flow state is a valued psychological state of enjoyment and well-being. It is characterized by feelings of intrinsic self-reward and marked by nine dimensions theorized to contribute to flow state. Flow has been studied mostly in elite athletes, whom report highly lucid flow experiences; to a much lesser extent it has been studied in recreational exercisers. Most prior research methodologies involve experience sampling or qualitative techniques, such as interviewing. Only one demonstrably valid and reliable flow instrument is widely available for efficient, quantitative measure of flow experiences. This study measures flow longitudinally in a recreational exercising population by comparing a …

The Aging Human Neuromuscular System Expresses Less Certainty For Selecting Joint Kinematics During Gait, Max J. Kurz, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

This investigation quantitatively characterized the certainty of the aging neuromuscular system in selecting a joint range of motion during gait based on the statistical concept of entropy. Elderly and young control groups walked on a treadmill at a self-selected pace. Joint angles were calculated for the ankle, knee and hip. We hypothesized that the aging group would exhibit less certainty in selecting a joint range of motion during gait. Our results supported this hypothesis, and indicated that aged individuals demonstrated statistically less certainty for the knee (16.8%) and hip (24.6%). We suggest that neurophysiological changes associated with aging may result …

Subtalar And Knee Joint Interaction During Running At Various Stride Lengths, Nikolaos Stergiou, Barry T. Bates, Max J. Kurz

Journal Articles

Background: It has been suggested that during running proper coordination between subtalar pronation/supination and knee flexion/extension via tibial rotation is important to attenuate ground reaction impact forces (GRIF). Lack of coordination over time may produce a wide range of injuries. It was hypothesized that increasing stride length would result in higher GRIF. It was also hypothesized that alterations in stride length would result in changes of the subtalar/knee coordination.

Methods: Six subjects ran under three different stride lengths (normal stride, understride and overstride) at their self-selected pace. Sagittal, rear view kinematic data and GRIF kinetic data were collected. The subtalar/knee …

Correlations Between Activity And Blood Pressure In African American Women And Girls, Brian A. Murray, C. Jayne Brahler, Janine Baer, John Marotta

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Is the level of physical activity recommended by the Surgeon General enough to elicit the beneficial effects of exercise on blood pressure in African American women and girls? This study investigated self-reported physical activity level and its relationship to blood pressure in a population of African American women (N=25) between the ages of 21 and 53 years and girls (N=52) between the ages of 5 and 17 years, in Dayton, Ohio, USA. Physical activity levels were estimated by an interviewer-administered questionnaire, which determined the average hours per week over the past year spent in occupational and leisure activities. Blood pressure …

Electromyographic Analysis Of Abdominal Muscle Activity Using Portable Abdominal Exercise Devices And A Traditional Crunch, Stuart Rugg

Stuart Rugg

The purpose of this study was to compare the abdominal muscle activity elicited while using 4 portable abdominal training devices vs. a traditional crunch. Thirty-three adults participated in this study. The exercise devices tested included the Ab Roller Plus, Torso Track 2, AB-DOer Pro, and the Perfect Abs. All subjects were tested on the Perfect Abs in both a seated and supine position using low-, medium-, and high-resistance bands. The Torso Track 2 was also tested at low- and high-resistance settings. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the upper and lower portions of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, and the …

Student Physical Activity Patterns: Grade, Gender, And Activity Influences, Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Jeffrey J. Martin, Qin Lai, Amy Kliber, Brett Reed

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this study was to determine how physical education students' cardiovascular responses as determined by mean heart rate, standard deviation of heart rate, and percentage of time in target heart rate zone varied according to student characteristics. Participants were 505 students in Grades 3 through 12. The Polar Accurex Plus heart rate telemetry system was used to measure the physiological load on the cardiovascular system. Three-way ANOVA results suggested that heart rate patterns in physical education varied according to gender, grade, and activity. For example, secondary school girls were more active in individual activities while secondary school boys …

Compensatory Mechanisms In Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency, Anastasios Papadonikolakis, Lance Cooper, Nikolaos Stergiou, Anastasios D. Georgoulis, Panayotis N. Coucacos

Journal Articles

The literature cites numerous studies involving the analysis of movement patterns in anterior cruciate ligament deficient (ACLD) patients. Although several in vivo biomechanical studies have shown that ACLD patients develop protective mechanisms against degenerative diseases, it seems that these adaptations fail to protect the knee from future pathology. Some authors state that ACLD patients adapt to the injury by avoiding quadriceps contraction during gait when the knee is near full extension. However, others have found increased hamstrings and decreased gastrocnemius activity, which normally contribute to the stability of the knee. It seems that further in vivo biomechanical investigation is required …

Acute Cardiovascular Response And Perception Of Effort Between The Super Slow And Gold Standard Resistance Training Protocols, Phillip Wickwire

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Super Slow training was proposed by Ken Hutchins in a book entitled Super Slow: The Ultimate Exercise Protocol (1992). Since then Super Slow training has been proposed to improve strength more effectively than traditional resistance training and improve cardiovascular measures above aerobic exercise. However, whether this type of training is safe for the older, possibly hypertensive population to which it is being targeted is questionable. To help provide an answer to this question the purpose of this study was to measure blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) while performing the Super Slow resistance training protocol …

Nonlinear Dynamics Indicates Aging Affects Variability During Gait, Ugo H. Buzzi, Nikolaos Stergiou, Max J. Kurz, Patricia A. Hageman, Jack Heidel

Journal Articles

Objective. To investigate the nature of variability present in time series generated from gait parameters of two different age groups via a nonlinear analysis.

Design. Measures of nonlinear dynamics were used to compare kinematic parameters between elderly and young females.

Background. Aging may lead to changes in motor variability during walking, which may explain the large incidence of falls in the elderly.

Methods. Twenty females, 10 younger (20–37 yr) and 10 older (71–79 yr) walked on a treadmill for 30 consecutive gait cycles. Time series from selected kinematic parameters of the right lower extremity were analyzed using nonlinear dynamics. The …

Pre-Exercise Fueling And Endurance: Effect Of A Pre-Exercise Almond-Raisin Beverage Versus A Commercial Sports Beverage On Performance In Trained Male Runners, Wendy N. Bazilian

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Aside from genetics and training, no factor plays as important a role in exercise performance as nutrition. What athletes consume before exercise longer than 60 min influences fuel use, perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR) and time-to-exhaustion (TE). Ingesting carbohydrates (CHO) before exercise can delay exhaustion over placebo, but less is known about combinations of CHO and fat on fuel use and endurance. To date, there are few studies that systematically explore nutritious, whole food products like nuts and dried fruits as pre-exercise fuel sources for endurance exercise.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 …

Retrieving Movement Memory With And Without The Use Of Musical Cues, Lora S. Maher

Student Work

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between learning and retrieving movement with and without musical cues. Twenty-three students all of whom had not had any formal dance training participated in this study. The subjects were required to make two visits for data collection purposes. Testing included performance of the "Mayim" folk dance on day one and then again on day two. Subjects in groups one and two learned the dance with music and subjects in groups two and three learned the dance to the beat of the metronome. On their second visit, groups one and three …

Nonlinear Analysis Of The Development Of Sitting Postural Control, Regina T. Harbourne, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

The development of sitting postural control in five normal infants was examined longitudinally at three stages of sitting: Stage 1, when infants could hold up their head and upper trunk, but could not sit independently; Stage 2, when infants began to sit independently briefly; and Stage 3, when infants could sit independently. Methods from nonlinear dynamics were used to analyze center of pressure (COP) data during sitting in terms of stability of the neuromuscular system (Lyapunov Exponent), movement dimensionality (Correlation Dimension), and complexity/regularity (Approximate Entropy). Results indicated significant changes in the nonlinear measures over time, with increased stability and increased …

Physical Testing Characteristics And Technical Event Performance Of Junior Alpine Ski Racers, David Heikkinen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if a battery of physical tests can be used to distinguish between the ability levels of junior alpine ski racers. Many sports, such as football, have established laboratory and field tests to assess their athlete's preparation for competition. It would be of benefit to coaches in the sport of alpine skiing to be able to use a field test to assess the physiological readiness of the alpine ski racers they work with. At the junior level, alpine skiing in the United states consists of four events today . These events are the …

The Relationship Between Fitness-Based Incentive Programs And Exercise Adherence In A Corporate Fitness Facility, Elwood D. Moore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Experts agree that habitual exercise is beneficial to health and essential in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease and its associated risk factors. Despite this knowledge, adherence to an regular exercise regimen remains the major problem in the health and fitness industry. Reports estimate greater than 70% of the adult population in the United States do not participate regularly in physical activity. In contrast to the commercial fitness world where membership and profit continue to be the primary directives of the industry, corporate fitness programs are concerned with recruitment and adherence and consistently and exponentially increasing participation to justify …

Profiling Employees Participation In Employer Sponsored Fitness Programs In Maine, Wendy-Jo Berube

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs have evolved significantly over the last two decades in both large and small work sites. Research over this time period has yielded plenty of evidence proving health promotion programs can produce tangible outcomes. Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that comprehensive work site health promotion programs can lower employee health care and insurance costs, decrease absenteeism, and improve job performance and productivity. Despite the well-known benefits of regular exercise, previous research has also shown that participation and adherence rates in work site health promotion programs have been unsatisfactory. This study was conducted to profile employee …

Rpe "Drift" In Fit And Unfit Males Cycling In A Hot And Cool Environment, Robert Pritchett

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The potential influence of aerobic fitness on RPE estimations during extended exercise bouts is not well understood. The current study compared RPE-Overall, RPE-Legs and RPE-Chest between fit (n=7) and unfit (n=6) males. Subjects completed a graded cycling test and then, in a counterbalanced order, on two separate days cycled for 60min (intensity~90% of the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA) - determined via gas exchange indices) at 30}1 degrees Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and 18}1 degrees WBGT. Heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (Tree) and overall and differentiated RPE estimations were collected every 5 minutes. Repeated measures analyses of variance …

The Inter Allied Games Of 1919, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

The Development Of A Physical Education Teachers' Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Instrument, Jeffrey J. Martin, Pamela Hodges Kulinna

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

In the present investigation a questionnaire was developed to assess physical education teachers' self-efficacy for teaching classes in which their students were engaged in high levels of physical activity (i.e., at least 50% of class time). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in the development of a 16-item, 4-factor, multidimensional physical education teachers' physical activity self-efficacy scale (PETPAS) that produced reliable and valid scores. The Student factor reflected teachers' efficacy for managing students who didn't enjoy or value physical activity. The Time factor was indicative of teachers' efficacy when they didn't have enough time to teach. The Space factor reflected …

The Spanning Set Indicates That Variability During The Stance Period Of Running Is Affected By Footwear, Max J. Kurz, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Sensory information the foot receives appears to be related to kinematic variability. Since footwear material densities affect sensory information, footwear may be an important factor that dictates variability. This study hypothesized that modifications in footwear would result in changes in kinematic variability during the running stance period. Subjects ran on a treadmill for three conditions: hard shoe, soft shoe and barefoot. The spanning sets of the mean ensemble curves of the knee and ankle changes for each condition were used to define variability. Variability was significantly larger in the barefoot condition in comparison with the two footwear conditions for both …

Physical Activity And Changes In Abdominal Fat Over 18 Months: A Prospective Study Of Middle-Aged Women, Lance Eric Davidson

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To investigate the extent to which changes in physical activity predict changes in abdominal fat in women over an 18-month period, while statistically controlling the effects of possible confounders, such as age, total body fat percent, and energy intake. Design: A prospective cohort design over 18 months. There was no intervention or treatment. Changes in objectively-measured physical activity were used to predict changes in abdominal fat over the study period. Subjects: 110 healthy, middle-aged women (mean: 41.3±3.3 yrs), primarily Caucasian, educated, and married. Measurements: An objective measure of physical activity (ACT) using CSA accelerometers, worn continuously for 7 consecutive …

Human Performance Lab Newsletter, February 2003, St. Cloud State University

Human Performance Lab Newsletter

Contents of this issue include:

• Kelly's Corner by David Bacharach
• Eating the Proper Proportions by Brianne Olson
• Make Every Day Active by Brian Berntsen
• Making Sense of the Numbers: Cholesterol by Josh Olson
• Take Action to Prevent Osteoporosis by Sara Stewart
• Lab Research Assists Amputees by Glenn Street
• Free Radicals are more than just People by John Seifert

Nutrition Treatment For Hiv Wasting: A Prescription For Food As Medicine, Ann Y. Mcdermott, Abby Shevitz, Aviva Must, Susan Harris, Ronenn Roubenoff, Sherwood Gorbach

Kinesiology and Public Health

The optimal nutrition approach for the promotion of weight gain in HIV-infected adults with wasting remains unclear. Previous dietary interventions report minimal success and provide inadequate information regarding the counseling approach, contact time, session format, and issues addressed with the subject. The methods we report were incorporated in a 12-week intervention trial for the reversal of HIV-wasting. Methods: All subjects involved in the intervention trial for the reversal of HIV-wasting received weekly, customized, one-on-one counseling and an oral nutrition supplement (480 kcal/d with 30 g protein). The nutrition aims were to (1) increase caloric intake to surpass daily energy requirements …

Three-Dimensional Tibiofemoral Kinematics Of The Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient And Reconstructed Knee During Walking, Anastasios D. Georgoulis, Anastasios Papadonikolakis, Christos D. Papageorgiou, Argyris Mitsou, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background: It is possible that gait abnormalities may play a role in the pathogenesis of meniscal or chondral injury as well as osteoarthritis of the knee in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.

Hypothesis: The three-dimensional kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees are changed even during low-stress activities, such as walking, but can be restored by reconstruction.

Study Design: Case control study.

Methods: Using a three-dimensional optoelectronic gait analysis system, we examined 13 patients with anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees, 21 patients with anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees, and 10 control subjects with uninjured knees during walking.

Results: Normal patterns of knee …

Hper Biomechanics Laboratory 2002 Annual Report, Issue 1, Nebraska Biomechanics Core Facility

Biomechanics Annual Report

This issue features Development of a gait-o-gram for the assessment of gait, Promising insights on the development of posture in children, A new understanding of Parkinson’s Disease, Assessing the stability of elderly gait, Gait analysis provides the Omaha community with relief from running injuries, Custom Palm pilot software offers scientists and teachers new technology, Helping high school students appreciate science and math, Past students achieve success, Collaborative work with the Orthopedic Center of Sports Medicine at Ioannina-Greece, and 2002 Publications and Presentations