Entomology Commons^™

Modeling The Geographic Distribution Of Ixodes Scapularis And Ixodes Pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) In The Contiguous United States, Micah B. Hahn, Catherine S. Jarnevich, Andrew J. Monaghan, Rebecca J. Eisen

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

In addition to serving as vectors of several other human pathogens, the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, are the primary vectors of the spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) that causes Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Over the past two decades, the geographic range of I. pacificus has changed modestly while, in contrast, the I. scapularis range has expanded substantially, which likely contributes to the concurrent expansion in the distribution of human Lyme disease cases in the Northeastern, North-Central and Mid-Atlantic states. Identifying counties that contain …

An Update Of The Captive Management And Reintroduction Of The Salt Creek Tiger Beetle, Cicindela Nevadica Lincolniana (Coleoptera:Carabidae) At Omaha’S Henry Doorly Zoo & Aquarium, Sarah Jenkins, Traci Clevenger

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Tiger beetles are a high speed predator, both as larvae and adults. There are over 2,600 species found worldwide. They are so fast that their eyes can’t gather enough light to process visual information while running and the beetles have to pause during pursuit to regain sight of their target. The fastest known tiger beetle can run up to 8 kilometers per hour (5 mph) which is comparable to a human running 772.5 kph (480 mph) when adjusted for body length (Yong, 2014). The adults are sexually dimorphic, with males possessing short white hairs on the inside of the tarsi …

La Tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) En El Perú / The Tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) In Peru, Luis Figueroa, William D. Edmonds, Norberta Martínez Luján

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

La presencia de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en el Perú fue revisada en base a la colección del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima) y literatura especializada. Cada especie es presentada con citas para su diagnosis y datos de distribución y algunos comentarios. En este estudio se registran 30 especies que pertenecen a diez géneros: Coprophanaeus, Dendropaemon, Gromphas, Diabroctis, Oruscatus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus, Tetramereia y Megatharsis. La especie Oruscatus davus es la única especie distribuida en la parte alta y occidental de …

Odonata Species Of Special Concern For Oklahoma, Usa, Michael A. Patten, Brenda D. Smith-Patten

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Assessment of conservation status is a necessary step before management plans can be formulated. Historically such assessments have a strong bias toward vertebrates, particularly endothermic terrestrial vertebrates (i.e. birds and mammals). Invertebrates, by contrast, tend to be ignored, and many insect groups, despite being species rich and reasonably well studied, such as the Odonata (damselflies and dragonflies), have not been assessed or have been assessed only at a broad geographic level (e.g. internationally or continentally). Assessment at a state level recognizes that states often are at the front of regional and local conservation and management planning and implementation. On the …

Elevational Distribution And Conservation Biogeography Of Phanaeine Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) In Bolivia, Sebastian K. Herzog, A. Caroli Hamel-Leigue, Trond H. Larsen, Darren J. Mann, Rodrigo W. Soria- Auza, Bruce D. Gill, William D. Edmonds, Sacha Spector

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Insect macroecology and conservation biogeography studies are disproportionately scarce, especially in the Neotropics. Dung beetles are an ideal focal taxon for biodiversity research and conservation. Using distribution and body size data on the ecologically important Phanaeini, the best-known Neotropical dung beetle tribe, we determined elevational patterns of species richness, endemism, body size, and elevational range in Bolivia, specifically testing Bergmann’s and Rapoport’s rule. Richness of all 39 species and of 15 ecoregional endemics showed a hump-shaped pattern peaking at 400 m, but overall declined strongly with elevation up to 4000 m. The relationship between endemic and total species richness appeared …

Biological Control Of Rubber Tree Lace Bug By Endophytic Parasitoid In Brazil, Rodrigo Souza Santos Rss

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The rubber tree is a plant cultivated with the purpose of extraction of the natural rubber (latex), being an important segment of the Brazil economy. Among the main curses that attack the culture, he stands out the tingid, Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and among their main natural enemies they stand out the lace wings, the mushroom Sporothrix insectorum and the egg parasitoid Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). The objective of the work was to report the potential of this natural enemy use, as auxiliary in programs of integrated handling of this pest of rubber plantations. The study …

Sugar In Moderation: Sugar Diets Affect Short-Term Parasitoid Behaviour, Danielle Lightle, Mario Ambrosino, Jana C. Lee

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The biological control potential of parasitic wasps in the field is expected to increase with the provisioning of sugar sources, which increase longevity and replenish carbohydrate reserves. Apanteles aristoteliae is an important parasitoid of Argyrotaenia franciscana, the orange tortrix, an economic pest in fruit crops. In the present study, the effect of sugar diet on the physiological status of A. aristoteliae is investigated in the laboratory, as well as the effects of nutritional status on short-term olfactory orientation and parasitism behaviour, and the association between olfactory orientation and immediate parasitism activity. Levels of glycogen, fructose, total sugars, proportional weight …

Fortuitous Establishment Of Rhyzobius Lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) And Aphytis Lingnanesis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) In South Texas On The Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Aulacaspis Yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Daniel Flores, Jason Carlson

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi, is currently found in China, Singapore, Hong Kong, Cayman Islands, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Hawaii, and Florida (Germain and Hodges 2007). It was originally described from specimens collected on a Cycas sp., in Bangkok, Thailand, in 1972 (Takagi 1977). In recent years, finds have also been reported in California, Georgia, and Nevada (IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group 2009). In 2006, severe outbreaks of cycad aulacaspis scale were reported in South Texas where sago palms, Cycas revoluta Thunb., adorn landscapes and are important ornamental plants for commercial nursery growers (Bográn et al. 2006). Of …

Hypoxia Tolerance In Adult And Larval Cicindela Tiger Beetles Varies By Life History But Not Habitat Association, Mathew L. Brust, W. Wyatt Hoback

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Flooding exposes terrestrial organisms to severe hypoxia. Among the best-studied insects that are frequently exposed to flooding are tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) larvae. In previous studies with a limited number of species, a correlation was found between habitat and hypoxia tolerance. In the current study, we examined hypoxia tolerance among third instars of six Cicindela species that vary in habitat association; we also tested adult survival of these species. We found that larvae of the different species survived an average of between 60 and 120 h of submersion in severely hypoxic water at 20°C, with larvae that occur in dry …

Supercooling Point Plasticity During Cold Storage In The Freeze-Tolerant Sugarbeet Root Maggot Tetanops Myopaeformis, Joseph Rinehart, George Yocum, Anitha Chirumamilla-Chapara, Mark Boetel

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The sugarbeet root maggot Tetanops myopaeformis (Röder) overwinters as a freeze-tolerant third-instar larva. Although most larvae are considered to overwinter for only 1 year, some may exhibit prolonged diapause in the field. In the laboratory, they can live for over 5 years using a combination of diapause and post-diapause quiescence. In the present study, the cold survival strategies of these larvae during storage is investigated by measuring their supercooling points in combination with survival data. Supercooling points (SCPs) change significantly during storage, highlighted by a marked increase in the range of SCPs recorded, although the ability to tolerate freezing is …

Book Review: Ratcliffe, B. C And M. J. Paulsen. 2008. The Scarabaeoid Beetles Of Nebraska. Bulletin Of The University Of Nebraska State Museum 22, 570 P., Donald B. Thomas

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Book review of The Scarabaeoid Beetles of Nebraska by Brett C. Ratcliffe and Matt J. Paulsen. Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 22, 2008, 570 p.

Protein Digestion In Larvae Of The Red Oak Borer Enaphalodes Rufulus, Damon Crook, Sheila Prabhakar, Brenda Oppert

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

In the Ozark Mountains of the U.S.A., the red oak borer Enaphalodes rufulus contributes to the destruction of red oaks. To understand nutrient digestion in E. rufulus larvae, digestive proteinases are compared in both larvae fed heartwood phloem and those transferred to artificial diet. The pH of gut extracts is approximately 6.3 in the midgut and foregut and decreases to 5.5 in the hindgut region. The hydrolysis of casein by midgut extracts from E. rufulus larvae fed either artificial diet or phloem from tree sections increases in buffers greater than pH 6.19, with maximum hydrolysis being observed at pH 10.1. …

Mortalités, Effondrements Et Affaiblissements Des Colonies D’Abeilles, Julie Chiron, Anne-Marie Hattenberger

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Depuis plusieurs dizaines d’années, une diminution notoire des populations de pollinisateurs a été signalée dans de nombreux pays par les professionnels et les scientifiques. L’enjeu économique et écologique représenté par la perte de ces individus a déterminé la mise en oeuvre de nombreuses études sur le sujet. Plusieurs hypothèses de facteurs de risques ont été avancées pour tenter d’expliquer ce phénomène. En France, notamment, les apiculteurs ont alerté les pouvoirs publics quant à un effet potentiel de certains traitements phytopharmaceutiques à usage agricole sur la vitalité des colonies d’abeilles domestiques (Apis mellifera), entraînant la décision par le Ministre …

Resource Heterogeneity Moderates The Biodiversity-Function Relationship In Real World Ecosystems, Jason M. Tylianakis, Tatyana A. Rand, Ansgar Kahman, Alexandra-Maria Klein, Nina Buchmann, Jörg Perner, Teja Tscharntke

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Numerous recent studies have tested the effects of plant, pollinator, and predator diversity on primary productivity, pollination, and consumption, respectively. Many have shown a positive relationship, particularly in controlled experiments, but variability in results has emphasized the context-dependency of these relationships. Complementary resource use may lead to a positive relationship between diversity and these processes, but only when a diverse array of niches is available to be partitioned among species. Therefore, the slope of the diversity-function relationship may change across differing levels of heterogeneity, but empirical evaluations of this pattern are lacking. Here we examine three important functions/properties in different …

Biology Of Dendroctonus Murrayanae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) In Idaho And Montana And Comparative Taxonomic Notes, Malcolm M. Furniss, Sandra J. Kegley

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

We studied the biology of Dendroctonus murrayanae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas, in Idaho and Montana. The beetle was not a primary agent of tree mortality. Susceptible host trees were physically damaged, had thin foliage, or were otherwise predisposed to infestation. Beetles attacked individual trees, not in groups, near ground level and at low density. Life stages and their behavior are described. Egg galleries were constructed upward and usually had short spurs. Mating occurred in the egg gallery. Eggs were laid in an elongated group, not in niches, in a shallow excavation along only one …

Thermal Conditioning Of Fifth-Instar Cydia Pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Affects Hsp70 Accumulation And Insect Mortality, X. Yin, S. Wang, J. Tang, J. D. Hansen, S. Lurie

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Levels of HSP70 protein of fifth-instar codling moth [Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] are determined after conditioning at 35 °C for different times and also after recovery at 22 °C. Protein samples from larvae conditioned for different times are separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis electrophoresis. Sub-lethal thermal conditioning at 35 °C for 40 min, 2, 6 and 18 h induces new protein bands in the extracts from treated codling moth larvae. Immunodetection with an antibody to a heat-inducible HSP70 indicates a stronger reaction after 35 °C for 2, 6 and 18 h than after 35 °C for …

Cowpea Weevil Flights To A Point Source Of Female Sex Pheromone: Analyses Of Flight Tracks At Three Wind Speeds, L. P. S. Kuenen, H. C. Rowe

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Two-day-old male cowpea weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus, fly upwind to a point source of female sex pheromone at three wind speeds. All beetles initiating flight along the pheromone plume make contact with the pheromone source. Analysis of digitized flight tracks indicates that C. maculatus males respond similarly to moths tested at several wind speeds. Beetles’ mean net upwind speeds and speeds along their track are similar (P > 0.05) across wind speeds, whereas airspeeds increase (P < 0.01) with increasing wind speed. Beetles adjust their course angles to fly more directly upwind in higher wind speeds, whereas track angles are almost identical at each wind speed. The zigzag flight paths are generally narrow compared with most moth flight tracks and interturn distances are similar (P > 0.05) at the wind speeds employed. The frequency of these counterturns across the wind line is almost constant regardless of wind speed, and there is …

Olfactory Cues And Nest Recognition In The Solitary Bee Osmia Lignaria, Christelle Guedot, Theresa Pitts-Singer, James Buckner, Jordi Bosch, William Kemp

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The use of olfactory cues for nest recognition by the solitary bee Osmia lignaria is studied in a greenhouse environment. Glass tubes are provided as nesting cavities to allow the in-nest behavior of bees to be observed. In addition, each glass tube is cut into three sections for experimental manipulation and for subsequent chemical analysis. Nesting females drag their abdomen along the tube before exiting, spiral inside the tube, and sometimes deposit fluid droplets from the tip of the abdomen. For the manipulation, the outer section, the middle section, or both sections are removed and replaced with similar clean glass …

Sperm Stratification And Paternity Success In Red Flour Beetles, Sara M. Lewis, Annika Kobel, Tatyana Fedina, Richard W. Beeman

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

When females are inseminated by multiple males, male paternity success (sperm precedence) is determined by the underlying processes of sperm storage and sperm utilization. Although informative for many questions, two-male sperm competition experiments may offer limited insight into natural mating scenarios when females are likely to mate with several males. In this study, genetic markers in Tribolium castaneum are used to trace paternity for multiple sires, and to determine whether displacement of stored sperm that occurs after a third mating equally affects both previous mates, or if fertilizations are disproportionately lost by the female’s most recent mate. For 20 days …

Rice-Feeding Insects And Selected Natural Enemies In West Africa: Biology, Ecology, Identification, E. A. Heinrichs, Alberto T. Barrion

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

FOREWORD • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • INTRODUCTION • RICE IN AFRICA • RICE-FEEDING INSECTS • CLIMATIC ZONES AND RICE ECOSYSTEMS AS HABITATS • CONSTRAINTS TO RICE PRODUCTION • SPECIES IN WEST AFRICA • DIRECT DAMAGE • ROLE IN DISEASE TRANSMISSION

BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF RICE-FEEDING INSECTS

ROOT FEEDERS : Mole crickets, Gryllotalpa africana Palisot de Beauvois; Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae • Root aphids, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki); Hemiptera (suborder Homoptera): Aphididae • Termites, Macrotermes, Microtermes, and Trinervitermes spp.; Isoptera: Termitidae • Black beetles, Heteronychus mosambicus Peringuey (= H. oryzae Britton); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae • Rice water weevils, Afroryzophilus djibai Lyal; Coleoptera: Curculionidae • …

Kairomonal Effect Of Walking Traces From Euschistus Heros (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) On Two Strains Of Telenomus Podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Miguel Borges, Stefano Colazza, Pamela Ramirez-Lucas, Kamlesh R. Chauhan, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Jeffrey Richard Aldrich

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The semiochemical cues used by geographically isolated strains of the parasitoid, Telenomus podisi (Ashmed), to find eggs of the stink bug Euschistus heros were investigated.

Effects Of Sucrose Concentrations And Fly Age On Feeding Responses And Survival Of Female And Male Western Cherry Fruit Flies, Rhagoletis Indifferens, Wee L. Lee

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The effects of single meals of different sucrose concentrations on feeding responses and survival of 8–24-h-old, 1–2-, 10–12- and 31–36-day-old female and male western cherry fruit flies, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were determined. Feeding time and food consumption response patterns in both sexes within age groups were curvilinear. Feeding times increased as sucrose concentrations increased, and were longest when the sucrose concentration was 100% (dry). Consumption of dilute wet sucrose was low, whereas consumption of concentrated wet sucrose was high. However, consumption of dry, 100%sucrose was also low. One to 2-day-old flies of both sexes that had not previously fed consumed …

The Presence Of The Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus Hampei, In Puerto Rico: Fact Or Fiction?, Fernando E. Vega, R. A. Franqui, Pablo Benavides

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is widely considered to be the most devastating pest of coffee. Endemic to Central Africa, the coffee berry borer can now be found in most coffee growing regions throughout the world (Le Pelley 1968). Annual losses caused by this insect have been estimated at over $500 million annually (P. Baker, CABI Bioscience, UK; personal communication). One of the most widely cited references on coffee berry borer presence in different countries is that of Le Pelley (1968), where more than 20 countries, including Puerto Rico, are listed as having the insect.

Molecular Evidence For A Species Complex In The Genus Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), With Additional Data On Aphidiine Phylogeny (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Yi Chen, Kristopher L Giles, Matthew H. Greenstone

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Mitochondrial 16srDNAwas sequenced from nine different populations of Aphelinidae and 10 of aphidiinae. Sequence divergences between populations within a species are low, ranging from 0 to 0.38%. Divergences among species within the same genus range from 0 to 8.71%. Aphelinus asychis Walker has a sequence divergence from the other Aphelinus spp. of 8.71%, which is even higher than the divergences among the aphidiine genera Lysiphlebus, Aphidius and Diaeretiella. Our 16s rDNA phylogeny for aphidiines is concordant with a previously published NADH1 dehydrogenase phylogeny. Our analysis identiÞes a complex comprising A. albipodus (Hayat & Fatima), A. varipes (Foerster), and A. …

Thermotolerance And Rapid Cold Hardening Ameliorate The Negative Effects Of Brief Exposures To High Or Low Temperatures On Fecundity In The Flesh Fly, Sarcophaga Crassipalpis, Joseph Rinehart, George Yocum, David Denlinger

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Although the immediate effects of temperature stress are well documented, the longer-term effects of such stresses are more poorly known. In these experiments, we investigate the effects of suboptimal and supraoptimal temperatures during pharate adult development on fecundity in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart. A 1 h cold shock at -10°C during the red-eye pharate adult stage decreases the fecundity of both sexes. Induction of rapid cold hardening by pre-treatment at 0°C for 2 h partially prevents reproductive impairment. Heat shock of pharate adults for 1 h at 45°C also reduces fecundity in both sexes, but inducing thermotolerance by …

Effects Of Dietary Precursors To Biogenic Amines On The Behavioural Response From Groups Of Caged Worker Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) To The Alarm Pheromone Component Isopentyl Acetate, Jeffrey W. Harris, Joseph Woodring

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The sound or `buzzing response' from groups of fifteen worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L., to the presentation of isopentyl acetate, an alarm pheromone component, was recorded through a microphone connected via a digital±analogue converter into a computer. The effects of ingested biogenic amine precursors 5-hydroxytryptophan, L-DOPA and tryptophan were tested on three variables measurable from the sound traces: onset of the buzzing response after presentation of the pheromone stimulus, the duration of the buzzing event, and the maximal sound frequency produced during the buzzing event. Bees fed high doses of 5-hydroxytrytophan were found to react significantly more slowly and …

Male Crucifer Flea Beetles Produce An Aggregation Pheromone, Chengwang Peng, Robert J. Bartelt, Michael J. Weiss

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of crucifer crops throughout most of North America (Lamb, 1989). Adult beetle feeding on crucifer vegetables causes small pits in the epidermis, which affects the marketability (Vaughn & Hoy, 1993). Larger population of beetles can kill or stunt seedlings. In the northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada, this species is the most serious pest of spring-planted oilseed rape, Brassica napus and B. rapa (Lamb, 1989; Weiss et al., 1991). Overwintering adults feed on the cotyledons and stems, resulting in seedling mortality and causing the crop to mature unevenly …

Effects Of Food Deprivation, Age, Time Of Day, And Gamma Irradiation On Attraction Of Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) To Two Synthetic Lures In A Wind Tunnel, David C. Robacker

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The physiological condition of Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), affected their attraction to 2 similar but qualitatively different synthetic lures in wind-tunnel bioassays. The 2 lures were BioLure (ammonium acetate and putrescine) and AMPu (ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCI, and putrescine) . Effects of food deprivation on attraction to the lures were smaller than the effects of sex, time of day, and irradiation. Sugar-fed, protein-starved flies were attracted more strongly than other hunger-status groups to the lures. Sugar-starved, protein-starved females were less responsive than other groups of females to AMPu. Protein-starved males were more responsive than protein-fed males to BioLure. …

Distribution Of The Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) Within Cotton Plants, Gordon Snodgrass

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The within-plant distribution of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., was determined during June through the 1st week in August in 1992 and 1993 at Stoneville, MS. Locations of adults and nymphs in cotton were determined weekly using visual searches of whole plants or plant sections (mainstem terminals, upper and lower plant halves below the mainstem terminals). The distributions of adults and nymphs found in the morning (0900-1100 hours) in 1992 were not significantly different from their distributions found in the afternoon (1300-1500 hours). Adults had a significantly different distribution than nymphs …

Depth Of Pupation And Survival Of Fruit Fly (Anastrepha Spp.: Tephritidae) Pupae In A Range Of Agricultural Habitats, P. Jane Hodgson, L John Sivinski, Gemma Quintero, Martin Aluja

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

In central Veracruz State, Mexico, tephritid fruit fly pupae are commonly attacked by ants, staphylinid beetles, and other predators. Excavations in 2 sites with different soil characteristics revealed that Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae typically burrowed no >2 cm before pupating and rarely burrowed >5 cm. At 4 field sites, pupae of the most commonly encountered local Anastrepha sp. (A. obliqua, ludens, and striata or fraterculus) were placed on the soil surface and at depths of 2.5 and 5 cm and were subsequently sampled daily for 10 d. Pupae on the surface invariably disappeared at a greater …