Entomology Commons^™

Effects Of Selection For Halothane Resistance On Lipid Concentration And Composition In Drosophilia Melanogaster, Paula S. Fritsch, Dave Dapkus

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Drosophila melanogaster is increasingly used as a model system for anesthesia studies. Lipids may play a role in anesthetic resistance by sequestering the hydrophobic anesthetics from nervous tissue. Alternatively, changes in membrane lipid composition (phospholipids and/or cholesterols) may contribute to resistance through alteration of neurological membranes. This project studied the relationship of lipids to anesthetic resistance in a strain of Drosophilia melanogasier with a high level of halothane resistance produced by 13 generations of mass selection. The estimated dose of anesthetic needed to produce anesthesia in one-half of the flies tested (ED50( for this strain was 2.3 times that of …

The Effects Of Density And Ddt On An Inversion Polymorphism In Drosophila Melanogaster, Paul H. Zuzick, Dave Dapkus

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Inversion polymorphism may be maintained by some form of balancing selection, A laboratory population maintained for many years at small size should contain little genetic variation due to the effects of genetic drift. This study analyzed a Drosophila population which exhibits a persistent inversion polymorphism. The population has been subjected to selection for DDT resistance since 1959. The purpose of this study was to determine if: a) balancing selection was involved and b) if the selection was DDT-related. To study these questions, three pairs of populations were set up at different inversion frequencies: 95%, 55% (equilibrium value) and 5%. One …

Introduction Of An Integrated Pest Management Program To A Greenhouse: Establishing And Monitoring Predatory And Parasitic Insects For Biological Control, Siobhan E. O'Reilly, Christopher T. Cole

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

An experimental Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program was developed to reduce the use of pesticides m me greenhouses at the University of Minnesota, Morris. Six predatory or parasitic insect species were released to control populations of aphid, scale, mealybug, thrips, whitefly, and spider mite. Beneficial insect populations were supplemented several times. Pest and beneficial insect populations were monitored weekly for one' year. No pest species were eliminated but all except scale were effectively controlled. Aphid and whitefly control was effective within the first two months; control of the other pest insects took from 5 to 6 months to a year. …

Hexagenia Mayflies: Biological Monitors Of Water Quality In The Upper Mississippi River, Calvin R. Fremling

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

ABSTRACT-Analysis of Hexageniamayfiy distribution patterns has proven to be a simple, inexpensive method of monitoring water quality in the Upper Mississippi River. Burrowing Hexagenia nymphs live at the mudwater interface intimately associated with organically enriched sediments that have a strong affinity for contaminants. By their presence or absence in silted habitats, they assess the synergistic effects of hypoxia, toxins, and other stresses throughout the year. Adults are large and easily collected, providing inexpensive water quality monitoring on a river so large that comprehensive chemical, physical, and biological analyses are not logistically feasible or affordable. Pollution abatement in metropolitan Minneapolis-St. Paul …

Ecological And Evolutionary Considerations Of Large Scale Mosquito Control Programs, Harrison B. Tordoff

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

A Brief Overview Of The Life History, Physiology, And Ecology Of Minnesota Mosquitoes, Roger D. Moon

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The 51 species of mosquitoes known to occur in Minnesota share many biological attributes. They develop through seven life stages: an egg, four larval instars, a pupa, and an adult. Females lay eggs either on water or in substrates likely to be submerged later. Larvae and pupae occur in still , shallow water. Habitats vary among species and include tree holes, temporary snowmelt pools, rain pools, semi-permanent marshes, ponds, and riverside lagoons. Duration of the stages can be affected by diapause, temperature, and nutrition. Many species overwinter as dormant eggs, while some overwinter as larvae and others as diapausing females. …

Physical, Chemical, And Biological Controls: Modern And Future Approaches To Mosquito Control, Max V. Meisch

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Effective mosquito management depends on a blending of many techniques. The primary technologies available are physical, chemical, and biological; and their continued improved usage is demanded. Chemicals are more contemporary. Modern organic insecticides were first used in 1943 with the advent of DDT usage. The judicious use of pesticides remains imperative in control methodology. However, a program optimizing non-chemical applications offers the best method for long-term success. A systems approach is needed regardless of strategies used. Basing strategies on objectives differs according to objectives of disease, annoyance, or livestock protection. The strategy is predicated on knowledge of the biology of …

Currently Existing Mosquito Control Programs In Minnesota, Arthur H. Mason, Doree A. Maser

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Mosquito Control in Minnesota is governed by three statutes: Local Pest Control 18.021 -18.022, Mosquito Abatement 18.041 -18.161, and Mosquito Control 473.701 -473.717. Of these only two are actively utilized, 18.021 -18.022 in outstate Minnesota and 473.701 -473.717 in the seven county metropolitan area. Local Pest Control Statute 18.021 -18.022 governs the control of many pests including mosquitoes. The statute is enforced by the Municipal Pest Control Section of the Division of Plant Industry in the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. Pesticides are generally applied to kill adult mosquitoes upon citizen demand.

Chemicals Used In Personal Mosquito Control (A Review), Thomas A. Lajiness

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The use of chemicals in personal mosquito control is summarized. The historical developments in chemical control agents are traced from essential oils to synthetic organic materials. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed, and the implications of SAR approaches in the development of future personal mosquito repellents are explored.

Allergies Related To Mosquitoes, Repellents, And Insecticides, James T.C. Li, Charles E. Reed

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Man's skin response to the mosquito bite exhibits great individual variability. The everyday immediate reaction consists o f a red, or erythematous wheal that lasts only one or two hours. Twenty to 24 hours after the mosquito bite, a delayed reaction of erythema, swelling, and itching may also occur. An individual may exhibit an immediate reaction, delayed reaction, both reactions, or neither reaction. Studies suggest that sensitization to mosquito saliva may be responsible for the inflammatory response. This hypothesis is supported by histologic studies which demonstrate striking infiltration of inflammatory cells at the site of mosquito bites. Severe local reactions …

Mosquitoes As Vectors Of Disease In Minnesota, John W. Washburn

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Diseases due to mosquito-borne viruses occur every summer in Minnesota. The incidence of Western encephalitis and LaCrosse encephalitis is usually low, but outbreaks of Western encephalitis have occurred in the past. Evidence of Jamestown Canyon virus activity has been found in Minnesota. This virus may represent a newly-recognized cause of central nervous system disease and encephalitis. The epidemiology of the mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses found in Minnesota and the methods of disease surveillance and control are discussed.

Technical Session - Panel Discussion And Questions

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Minnesota's Response: The Mosquito Research Program, John Washburn, Nancy Read

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The Minnesota Mosquito Research Program (MMRP) was established in September 1984 in response to a request by Governor Perpich. The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), as the lead agency, brought together a Working Group of distinguished North American experts to discuss the problems related to mosquito research and control. This Working Group- with advice from legislators and representatives from the community, environmental groups, and state and federal agencies- made recommendations for the development of a mosquito research and control program in Minnesota.

The Working Group divided its recommendations into two areas, research and administrative structure. An extensive research program in …

Technical Session - Panel Discussion, Questions, And Concluding Remarks

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Technical Session Summaries: Issues Relating To Mosquitoes And Their Management

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Public And Legislative Session Summaries

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

European Corn Borer Parasitoids; Distribution In Southern Minnesota, W. V. Winnie, D. D. Sreenivasam, H. C. Chiang

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

During the 1940's and 1950's seven exotic parasitoids of the European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), were released in Minnesota. This study was done to determine which introduced parasitoids became established and their distribution in Minnesota. The experiment was conducted during the summer of 1977 and fall of 1977, 78, 79- and 80 in conjunction with the annual ECB population surveys in southern Minnesota by the State Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry. Three introduced parasitoids, Macrocentrus grandii Goidanich, Eriborus Terebrans (Gravenhorst), and Sympiesis viridula (Thomson) and two native parasitoids, lshnus inquisitorius artricollaris (Walsh) and Aplomya caesar (Aldrich) …

Nest Architecture Of Polistine Wasps, James M. Poff

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Wasps of the genus Polistes build two basic types of unenclosed paper nests. The mesocaulus type nest has fewer peripheral cells and comes closer to having the minimum number of total cell walls than the acrocaulus type nest. It is suggested that natural selection has favored this more economical nest form in regions with short growing seasons.

Attempts To Enrich The Parasite Fauna Of The European Corn Borer In Minnesota, H. C. Chiang, D. F. Palmer

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Four parasitic insect species were tested in laboratory experimentation for adaptability to the European corn borer (ECB). Apanreles sesamiae, Apanteles flavipes and Chelonus knabi did not adapt to the ECB, Lixophaga diatraeae was able to survive on ECB. Three other species. Macrocentrus grandii, Eriborus terebrans and Lydella rhompsoni, all known parasites of ECB, were obtained and reared in the laboratory on ECB for propagation, release and ecological studies. Methodology for experimentation and propagation of parasites was described.

Thermal Shock Effects On Larvae Of Caddis Fly Brachycentrus Americanus, Jack A. Salmela, Richard L. Anderson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Wild-collected Brachycentrus americanus larvae were subjected to thermal shocks of 30-minute and 60-minute duration in June, September, and December of 1976. Temperatures at collection were 14.7 , 10.4 , and 1.2 C, respectively. The TL50's for both 30-minute and 60-minute shock durations ranged from 33.3 C to 34.0 C for each month, except for a 30-minute exposure in September, which had a TL 50 of 34.6 C. Larvae from a December exposure were held for 16 days to observe postexposure behavior. Feeding was reduced 50 percent among specimens exposed to temperatures 1.2 C below the 30-minute TL 50 and 3.6 …

Partial Sterility In Drosophila Melanogaster: Schemes For Complex Chromosome Rearrangements, Richard V. Kowles, John Richards, Christine Adams, Jeni Lichtenfels, Robert Trauscht, Robert Husfield

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

These investigations are pilot studies of possible chromosome rearrangements to effect sterility in insects . Techniques of oviposition and partial sterility in Drosophila melanogaster are described. Partial sterility is measured for a number of different crossing combinations using wildtype stocks, heterozygous translocation stocks, and homozygous translocation stocks : the highest percent partial sterility occurring when F-1 intercross translocation stocks are used as one of the parents. Three different crossing schemes to gain more complex chromosome rearrangements and their outcomes are reported, though tests indicated negative results in these . Methods devised to distinguish between simple and complex translocation stocks in …

Comparison Of Phototactic Behavior Of Three Populations Of Dropsophila Melanogaster, Ross S. Anderson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Phototactic response of three distinct breeding populations of Drosophila melanogaster are compared through experimental maze runs and under differing light stimuli. While it is suggested that more meaningful results may depend on intensified selection pressure and studies of a greater number of generations, evidence from these observations indicates a clear difference in photo tactic behavior between the fly population drawn from laboratory stock subject to in-breeding and the positive responses of the two populations captured "wild" and thus reflecting the selection process of nature.

Synanthropic Spiders Araneae Of The Twin Cities Area, Bruce Cutler

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A review of those spiders which are most likely to enter manmade structures or which occur on highly disturbed ground is presented. The nine species which are dependent on man's activities are discussed in more detail. Along with the species names there is a reference to illustrations in two available field guides to aid in identification.

Aquatic Stages Of Stratiomys Normula Unilimbata Loew. (Diptera: Stratiomyiidae), Blanchard O. Krogstad

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A study of the life cycle and behavior of the Stratiomys normula unilimbata Loew. in a pond in Itasca State Pork, Minnesota, showed that larvae overwinter in the bottom of the shallow pond and emerge in July. Some of the mortality factors are suggested, including the ichneumonid parasite, Ceratophygadeuon sp., reared from the larva and drowning of the pupa following a sudden increase in water level. Drastic reduction of the water level would also result in larval mortality.

Terrestrial Isopods Of Minnesota, James E. Sargent

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Eight species of terrestrial isopods (sub-order Oniscoidea) were collected in Minnesota. Six of them had not been recorded previously. Observations on habitat, distribution, size and coloration were noted. An analytical key to the species within the state is included.

Distribution And Habitat Preference Of Minnesota Dragonfly Species (Odonata, Anisoptera) Ll., Charles L. Hamrum, Myron A. Anderson, Marilee Boole

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

ABSTRACT - Five of the 70 Anisopteran species listed in this study represent new Minnesota recordings. Habitat zones are described and distribution of species within these zones are recorded by county of occurrence.

Siphonaptera From Itasca State Park Region, Allen H. Benton, Omer R. Larson, Bradley A. Ven Huizen

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Northern And Western Corn Rootworms In Minnesota, H. C. Chiang, R. G. Flaskerd

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The occurrence and population changes of the northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica longicornis (Say), and the western corn rootworm, D. virgifera LeConte, were reviewed on the basis of information assembled at the Department of Agriculture of the State of Minnesota; and the Department of Entomology, Fisheries, and Wildlife and the Extension Entomologist's Office of the University of Minnesota.

The review shows no record of the northern species in Minnesota before 1899, but it appeared between 1899 and 1915. Populations were probably very law until 1932. Sporadic infestations were reported between 1932 and l 953. Progressive increase in infestation from 1954 paralleled …

Protein Patterns Of Dragonfly Hemolymph As Shown By Gel Disc Electrophoresis, Myron Anderson, Lee Halgren, Louis Nuti

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of the hemolymph of nymphs of the families Libellulidae and Aeschnidae showed a difference in the mobility of their protein components. Simultaneous comparisons of Anax iunius, Aeschna umbrosa, and Libellula pulchella gave clear separation of the species. Changes in protein composition associated with stage of nymphal development and transition from nymph to adult were apparent.

Mayfly Cholinesterase: Solubilization And Partial Purification, Burton C. Lidgerding, Donald J. Kraft

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A method hos been developed for the solubilization of cholinesterase from whole mayflies (Hexagenia bilineata, Soy). Solubilization is enhanced through the use of: (1) protamine sulfate, (2) sephadex, (3) sodium taurocholate, and (4) ammonium sulfate-sodium bicarbonate treatments. Partial purification of the enzyme is also reported. Fractions representing a final activity of 246 units and a purification factor of 17.79 are presented.