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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Biotechnology
The Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Recombinant Dna Vaccine For Brucella Abortus And Brucella Melitensis, Stephanie Lynn Korle
The Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Recombinant Dna Vaccine For Brucella Abortus And Brucella Melitensis, Stephanie Lynn Korle
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Brucella spp. are a bacterium that cause brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, which is commonly seen in cattle, sheep, goats, swine, and canines. Brucellosis is a problem worldwide, although it is eradicated in some countries (Garin-Bastuji et al. 1998). The reason for designing recombinant DNA (rDNA) vaccines opposed to utilizing the live-attenuated vaccines on the market is that they cannot be given to pregnant animals without potentially causing abortion, while an rDNA vaccine should be safe for pregnant animals since it does not contain viable bacteria. Also, there are no serological tests that can accurately distinguish between an animal vaccinated …
Reproducibility Of Individual Dna Deposits Detected Through Cellular Fluorescence, Natalee Small-Davidson
Reproducibility Of Individual Dna Deposits Detected Through Cellular Fluorescence, Natalee Small-Davidson
Student Theses
Contact traces are an important part of DNA casework, but the probative value of any identified associations depends on the possibility of passive transfer. There is known individual variation in DNA left behind during contact, this DNA shedding propensity has an effect on whose DNA is detected. This study evaluated this variability using a cell staining approach. Volunteers were asked to deposit a fingerprint on a clean glass slide, then wash their hands and deposit a second fingerprint after a 30-minute wait without touching anything. Three sets of samples were collected over three consecutive weeks. Fingerprints were stained with a …
Understanding The Genetics Of Schizophrenia, Matthew Toohey
Understanding The Genetics Of Schizophrenia, Matthew Toohey
Thinking Matters Symposium
Schizophrenia has been considered heritable for a long time, but only with the advent of new technologies such as whole-genome sequencing and genome-wide association studies can we begin to identify specific molecular causes of schizophrenia. This poster will review some of the genetic variants that research groups have associated with schizophrenia. Current research has indicated that schizophrenia is a polygenic disease and has been linked to many genes. Some of these common risk variants are in protein coding sections of the DNA. These proteins are often linked to neurological development or immune system function. Other variants that have been associated …
Additive Modulation Of Dna-Dna Interactions By Interstitial Ions, Wei Meng, Raju Timsina, Abby Bull, Kurt Andresen, Xiangyun Qiu
Additive Modulation Of Dna-Dna Interactions By Interstitial Ions, Wei Meng, Raju Timsina, Abby Bull, Kurt Andresen, Xiangyun Qiu
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
Quantitative understanding of biomolecular electrostatics, particularly involving multivalent ions and highly charged surfaces, remains lacking. Ion-modulated interactions between nucleic acids provide a model system in which electrostatics plays a dominant role. Using ordered DNA arrays neutralized by spherical cobalt3+ hexammine and Mg2+ ions, we investigate how the interstitial ions modulate DNA-DNA interactions. Using methods of ion counting, osmotic stress, and x-ray diffraction, we systematically determine thermodynamic quantities, including ion chemical potentials, ion partition, DNA osmotic pressure and force, and DNA-DNA spacing. Analyses of the multidimensional data provide quantitative insights into their interdependencies. The key finding of this study is that …
Student Understanding Of Dna Structure–Function Relationships Improves From Using 3d Learning Modules With Dynamic 3d Printed Models, Michelle E. Howell, Christine S. Booth, Sharmin M. Sikich, Tomáš Helikar, Rebecca Roston, Brain A. Couch, Karin Van Dijk
Student Understanding Of Dna Structure–Function Relationships Improves From Using 3d Learning Modules With Dynamic 3d Printed Models, Michelle E. Howell, Christine S. Booth, Sharmin M. Sikich, Tomáš Helikar, Rebecca Roston, Brain A. Couch, Karin Van Dijk
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Understanding the relationship between molecular structure and function represents an important goal of undergraduate life sciences. Although evidence suggests that handling physical models supports gains in student understanding of structure–function relationships, such models have not been widely implemented in biochemistry classrooms. Three-dimensional (3D) printing represents an emerging cost-effective means of producing molecular models to help students investigate structure–function concepts. We developed three interactive learning modules with dynamic 3D printed models to help biochemistry students visualize biomolecular structures and address particular misconceptions. These modules targeted specific learning objectives related to DNA and RNA structure, transcription factor-DNA interactions, and DNA supercoiling dynamics. …
Development Of Lc-Ms For The Identification And Characterization Of Non-Adjacent Dna Photoproduct Formation In G-Quadruplex Forming Sequences, Claudia Posadas
Development Of Lc-Ms For The Identification And Characterization Of Non-Adjacent Dna Photoproduct Formation In G-Quadruplex Forming Sequences, Claudia Posadas
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ultraviolet light is well known to induce cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone photoproducts in duplex DNA, which interfere with DNA replication and transcription. Recently, a new class of DNA photoproducts known as anti cyclobutanepyrimidine dimers have been discovered, which form in G-quadruplex forming sequences in solution. G-quadruplex structures have been proposed to form in human DNA telomeres and certain promoters in vivo but evidence for their existence has been lacking. Since anti-cyclobutante pyrimidine dimers have been shown to form in G-quadruplex forming sequences, their formation in irradiated human cells could be used to confirm the existence …
Dna Sequencing Activity, Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll
Dna Sequencing Activity, Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll
Sequencing & Genome Mining
This activity is meant to introduce students to basic DNA sequencing techniques. Using a hands-on approach helps them understand the fundamentals of what is happening in the lab, and the questions that accompany the activity can lead to more in depth discussions about sequencing, and the development of the next generation sequencing techniques.
Ex Vivo Dna Cloning, Adam B. Fisher
Ex Vivo Dna Cloning, Adam B. Fisher
Theses and Dissertations
Genetic engineering of microbes has developed rapidly along with our ability to synthesize DNA de novo. Yet, even with decreasing DNA synthesis costs there remains a need for inexpensive, rapid and reliable methods for assembling synthetic DNA into larger constructs or combinatorial libraries. While technological advances have resulted in powerful techniques for in vitro and in vivo assembly of DNA, each suffers inherent disadvantages. Here, an ex vivo DNA cloning suite using crude cellular lysates derived from E. coli is demonstrated to amplify and assemble DNA containing small sequence homologies. Further, the advantages of an ex vivo approach are …
Metagenomic Identification Of A Novel Salt Tolerance Gene From The Human Gut Microbiome Which Encodes A Membrane Protein With Homology To A Brp/Blh-Family Beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase, Eamonn P. Culligan, Roy D. Sleator, Julian R. Marchesi, Colin Hill
Metagenomic Identification Of A Novel Salt Tolerance Gene From The Human Gut Microbiome Which Encodes A Membrane Protein With Homology To A Brp/Blh-Family Beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase, Eamonn P. Culligan, Roy D. Sleator, Julian R. Marchesi, Colin Hill
Department of Biological Sciences Publications
The human gut microbiome consists of at least 3 million non-redundant genes, 150 times that of the core human genome. Herein, we report the identification and characterisation of a novel stress tolerance gene from the human gut metagenome. The locus, assigned brpA, encodes a membrane protein with homology to a brp/blh-family β-carotene monooxygenase. Cloning and heterologous expression of brpA in Escherichia coli confers a significant salt tolerance phenotype. Furthermore, when cultured in the presence of exogenous β-carotene, cell pellets adopt a red/orange pigmentation indicating the incorporation of carotenoids in the cell membrane.
Diagnostic Patents At The Supreme Court, Arti K. Rai
Diagnostic Patents At The Supreme Court, Arti K. Rai
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Electrotransfer Of Single-Stranded Or Double-Stranded Dna Induces Complete Regression Of Palpable B16.F10 Mouse Melanomas, Loree Heller, Vesba Todorovic, Maja Cemazar
Electrotransfer Of Single-Stranded Or Double-Stranded Dna Induces Complete Regression Of Palpable B16.F10 Mouse Melanomas, Loree Heller, Vesba Todorovic, Maja Cemazar
Bioelectrics Publications
Enhanced tumor delivery of plasmid DNA with electric pulses in vivo has been confirmed in many preclinical models. Intratumor electrotransfer of plasmids encoding therapeutic molecules has reached Phase II clinical trials. In multiple preclinical studies, a reduction in tumor growth, increased survival or complete tumor regression have been observed in control groups in which vector or backbone plasmid DNA electrotransfer was performed. This study explores factors that could produce this antitumor effect. The specific electrotransfer pulse protocol employed significantly potentiated the regression. Tumor regression was observed after delivery of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA with or without CpG motifs in both …
Dna Purification Process Optimization At Life Technologies Corporation, Trevor J. Shepherd
Dna Purification Process Optimization At Life Technologies Corporation, Trevor J. Shepherd
Master's Theses
This project focused on optimizing the plasmid DNA purification process at Life Technologies. These plasmids are designed to code for specialized proteins used by research universities, national laboratories, or research companies. Once cultivated and harvested, the plasmids must be analyzed for quality and quantity. The project is divided into improving three aspects of the process: 1) plasmid identification, 2) plasmid purity evaluation, and 3) process yield. Plasmid identification is now simpler, more robust and has zero ambiguity. Plasmid purity evaluation is now measured with computer software, which reduces user error and eliminates subjectivity. Using the nascent metrics provided by the …
Detection And Quantification Of Methylation In Dna Using Solid-State Nanopores., Jiwook Shim, Gwendolyn I Humphreys, Bala Murali Venkatesan, Jan Marie Munz, Xueqing Zou, Chaitanya Sathe, Klaus Schulten, Farhad Kosari, Ann M Nardulli, George Vasmatzis, Rashid Bashir
Detection And Quantification Of Methylation In Dna Using Solid-State Nanopores., Jiwook Shim, Gwendolyn I Humphreys, Bala Murali Venkatesan, Jan Marie Munz, Xueqing Zou, Chaitanya Sathe, Klaus Schulten, Farhad Kosari, Ann M Nardulli, George Vasmatzis, Rashid Bashir
Faculty Scholarship for the College of Science & Mathematics
Epigenetic modifications in eukaryotic genomes occur primarily in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5 mC). These modifications are heavily involved in transcriptional repression, gene regulation, development and the progression of diseases including cancer. We report a new single-molecule assay for the detection of DNA methylation using solid-state nanopores. Methylation is detected by selectively labeling methylation sites with MBD1 (MBD-1x) proteins, the complex inducing a 3 fold increase in ionic blockage current relative to unmethylated DNA. Furthermore, the discrimination of methylated and unmethylated DNA is demonstrated in the presence of only a single bound protein, thereby giving a resolution of a single …
Biomedical Patents At The Supreme Court: A Path Forward, Arti K. Rai
Biomedical Patents At The Supreme Court: A Path Forward, Arti K. Rai
Faculty Scholarship
Although most would argue that software patents pose a bigger challenge, the U.S. Supreme Court has recently focused on biomedical patents. Two of the Court's recent decisions scaling back such patents, Mayo v. Prometheus and AMP v. Myriad, have provoked justifiable anxiety for those concerned about biomedical innovation, particularly in the area of personalized medicine. While acknowledging significant limitations in the Court's reasoning in both cases, this Essay sketches a reading that is consistent with the results and innovation-friendly.
Dcm Methylation Is Detrimental To Plasmid Transformation In Clostridium Thermocellum, Adam M. Guss, Daniel G. Olson, Nicky C. Caiazza, Lee R. Lynd
Dcm Methylation Is Detrimental To Plasmid Transformation In Clostridium Thermocellum, Adam M. Guss, Daniel G. Olson, Nicky C. Caiazza, Lee R. Lynd
Dartmouth Scholarship
Background: Industrial production of biofuels and other products by cellulolytic microorganisms is of interest but hindered by the nascent state of genetic tools. Although a genetic system for Clostridium thermocellum DSM1313 has recently been developed, available methods achieve relatively low efficiency and similar plasmids can transform C. thermocellum at dramatically different efficiencies. Results: We report an increase in transformation efficiency of C. thermocellum for a variety of plasmids by using DNA that has been methylated by Escherichia coli Dam but not Dcm methylases. When isolated from a dam + dcm + E. coli strain, pAMG206 transforms C. thermocellum 100-fold better …
Electrically Mediated Delivery Of Plasmid Dna To The Skin, Using A Multielectrode Array, Richard Heller, Yolmari Criz, Loree C. Heller, Richard A. Gilbert, Mark J. Jaroszeski
Electrically Mediated Delivery Of Plasmid Dna To The Skin, Using A Multielectrode Array, Richard Heller, Yolmari Criz, Loree C. Heller, Richard A. Gilbert, Mark J. Jaroszeski
Bioelectrics Publications
The easy accessibility of skin makes it an excellent target for gene transfer protocols. To take full advantage of skin as a target for gene transfer, it is important to establish an efficient and reproducible delivery system. Electroporation is a strong candidate to meet this delivery criterion. Electroporation of the skin is a simple, direct, in vivo method to deliver genes for therapy. Previously, delivery to the skin was performed by means of applicators with relatively large distances between electrodes, resulting in significant muscle stimulation and pain. These applicators also had limitations in controlling the directionality of the applied field. …
Electroporation-Mediated Delivery Of A Naked Dna Plasmid Expressing Vegf To The Porcine Heart Enhances Protein Expression, W. G. Marshall Jr., B. A. Boone, J. D. Burgos, S. I. Gografe, M. K. Baldwin, M. L. Danielson, M. J. Larson, D. R. Caretto, Y. Cruz, B. Ferraro, L. C. Heller, K. E. Ugen, M. J. Jaroszeski, R. Heller
Electroporation-Mediated Delivery Of A Naked Dna Plasmid Expressing Vegf To The Porcine Heart Enhances Protein Expression, W. G. Marshall Jr., B. A. Boone, J. D. Burgos, S. I. Gografe, M. K. Baldwin, M. L. Danielson, M. J. Larson, D. R. Caretto, Y. Cruz, B. Ferraro, L. C. Heller, K. E. Ugen, M. J. Jaroszeski, R. Heller
Bioelectrics Publications
Gene therapy is an attractive method for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, using current strategies, induction of gene expression at therapeutic levels is often inefficient. In this study, we show a novel electroporation (EP) method to enhance the delivery of a plasmid expressing an angiogenic growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), which is a molecule previously documented to stimulate revascularization in coronary artery disease. DNA expression plasmids were delivered in vivo to the porcine heart with or without coadministered EP to determine the potential effect of electrically mediated delivery. The results showed that plasmid delivery through EP significantly …
N-Glycan Modification In Aspergillus Species, Elke Kainz, Andreas Gallmetzer, Christian Hatzl, Juergen H. Nett, Huijuan Li, Thorsten Schinko, Robert Pachlinger, Harald Berger, Yazmid Reyes-Dominguez, Andreas Bernreiter, Tillmann Gerngross, Stefan Wildt, Joseph Strauss
N-Glycan Modification In Aspergillus Species, Elke Kainz, Andreas Gallmetzer, Christian Hatzl, Juergen H. Nett, Huijuan Li, Thorsten Schinko, Robert Pachlinger, Harald Berger, Yazmid Reyes-Dominguez, Andreas Bernreiter, Tillmann Gerngross, Stefan Wildt, Joseph Strauss
Dartmouth Scholarship
The production by filamentous fungi of therapeutic glycoproteins intended for use in mammals is held back by the inherent difference in protein N-glycosylation and by the inability of the fungal cell to modify proteins with mammalian glycosylation structures. Here, we report protein N-glycan engineering in two Aspergillus species. We functionally expressed in the fungal hosts heterologous chimeric fusion proteins containing different localization peptides and catalytic domains. . This strategy allowed the isolation of a strain with a functional -1,2-mannosidase producing increased amounts of N-glycans of the Man 5 GlcNAc 2 type. This strain was further engineered by the introduction of …
Water. New Waters And New Life, Juan Enriquez
Water. New Waters And New Life, Juan Enriquez
New England Journal of Public Policy
An excerpt from an article about life sciences taken from the proceedings of the Education for Public Inquiry and International Citizenship (EPIIC) Symposium held at Tufts University in Massachusetts in February 2005 is presented.
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae-Based Molecular Tool Kit For Manipulation Of Genes From Gram-Negative Bacteria, Robert M. Q. Shanks, Nicky C. Caiazza, Shannon M. Hinsa, Christine M. Toutain, George A. O'Toole
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae-Based Molecular Tool Kit For Manipulation Of Genes From Gram-Negative Bacteria, Robert M. Q. Shanks, Nicky C. Caiazza, Shannon M. Hinsa, Christine M. Toutain, George A. O'Toole
Dartmouth Scholarship
A tool kit of vectors was designed to manipulate and express genes from a wide range of gram-negative species by using in vivo recombination. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use its native recombination proteins to combine several amplicons in a single transformation step with high efficiency. We show that this technology is particularly useful for vector design. Shuttle, suicide, and expression vectors useful in a diverse group of bacteria are described and utilized. This report describes the use of these vectors to mutate clpX and clpP of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to explore their roles in biofilm formation and surface …
Comparison Of Methods For Dna Isolation From Food Samples For Detection Of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli By Real-Time Pcr, Loree C. Heller, Carisa R. Davis, K. Kealy Peak, David Wingfield, Andrew C. Cannons, Philip T. Amuso, Jacqueline Cattani
Comparison Of Methods For Dna Isolation From Food Samples For Detection Of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli By Real-Time Pcr, Loree C. Heller, Carisa R. Davis, K. Kealy Peak, David Wingfield, Andrew C. Cannons, Philip T. Amuso, Jacqueline Cattani
Bioelectrics Publications
In this study, food samples were intentionally contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, and then DNA was isolated by using four commercial kits. The isolated DNA samples were compared by using real-time PCR detection of the Shiga toxin genes. The four kits tested worked similarly.
Cationic Surfactant Mediated Hybridization And Hydrophobization Of Dna Molecules At The Liquid/Liquid Interface And Their Phase Transfer, Murali Sastry, Ashavani Kumar, Mrunalini Pattarkine, Vidya Ramakrishnan, Krishna N. Ganesh
Cationic Surfactant Mediated Hybridization And Hydrophobization Of Dna Molecules At The Liquid/Liquid Interface And Their Phase Transfer, Murali Sastry, Ashavani Kumar, Mrunalini Pattarkine, Vidya Ramakrishnan, Krishna N. Ganesh
Faculty Works
Hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides mediated by a cationic surfactant at the water/hexane interface leads to hydrophobic, double-helical DNA which may be readily phase transferred to the organic phase and cast into thin films on solid substrates.
Pregnant With Ambiguity: Credibility And The Pto Utility Guidelines In Light Of Brenner, Andrew T. Kight
Pregnant With Ambiguity: Credibility And The Pto Utility Guidelines In Light Of Brenner, Andrew T. Kight
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Springfield Biotechnology Study, Umass Amherst Center Economic Development
Springfield Biotechnology Study, Umass Amherst Center Economic Development
Center for Economic Development Technical Reports
This study investigated the biotechnology industry and the potential for the City of Springfield, Massachusetts to attract and nurture biotechnology firms. To investigate biotechnology location factors, over 20 interviews with experts in biotechnology field were conducted, ten case studies of existing biotechnology centers around the country were analyzed and a literature review was compiled.
Biotechnology : Exposing The Myths & Realities, Sue Sutherland, Alan Lymbery
Biotechnology : Exposing The Myths & Realities, Sue Sutherland, Alan Lymbery
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
Biotechnology has become one of the buzz words of the 1990s. Sounds impressive but what's it all about? Sue Sutherland and Alan Lymbery unravel some of the jargon and explore its potential for Western Australian agriculture.
Molecular Cloning And Rare Cleavage Mapping Of Human 2p, 6q, 8q, 12q, And 18q Telomeres, Roberto A. Macina, Ken Morii, Xue-Lan Hu, Dimitri G. Negorev, Chrysanthe Spais, Lisa A. Ruthig, Harold C. Riethman
Molecular Cloning And Rare Cleavage Mapping Of Human 2p, 6q, 8q, 12q, And 18q Telomeres, Roberto A. Macina, Ken Morii, Xue-Lan Hu, Dimitri G. Negorev, Chrysanthe Spais, Lisa A. Ruthig, Harold C. Riethman
Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Faculty Publications
Large terminal fragments of human chromosomes 2p, 6q, 8q, 12q, and 18q were cloned using yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). RecA-assisted restriction endonuclease (RARE) cleavage analysis of genomic DNA samples from 11 unrelated individuals using YAC-derived probes confirmed the telomeric localizations of the half-YACs studied. The cloned Fragments provide telomeric closure of maps for the respective chromosome arms and will supply the reagents needed for analyzing and sequencing these distal subtelomeric regions.
Origins Of The Human Genome Project, Robert Mullan Cook-Deegan
Origins Of The Human Genome Project, Robert Mullan Cook-Deegan
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Cook-Deegan recounts some of the scientific and political history leading to controversy about the proper mix of private and public roles in pursuing genome research and bringing its fruits to bear, e.g., in preventing and curing disease.
Overview Of Potential Intellectual Property Protection For Biotechnology, Kate H. Murashige
Overview Of Potential Intellectual Property Protection For Biotechnology, Kate H. Murashige
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Murashige compares the function and value of copyright, patent and trade secret laws in recovering investments in developing genome-related biotechnology.
Recombinant Dna Debate, Harry Cook