Molecular Biology Commons^™

Sarracenia Purpurea As A Model System For Aquatic Ecosystem State Changes And Their Impact On Bacterial Communities, Amanda Claire Northrop

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Aquatic ecosystems can undergo abrupt and long-lasting transitions from one state to another, often with negative ecological and economic consequences. With anthropogenic enrichment, aquatic ecosystems such as lakes and ponds may shift rapidly from an oligotrophic, clear water state to a eutrophic, turbid state. These shifts, or state changes, generally occur due to a phenomenon called hysteresis in which the relationship between a driving variable and ecosystem variable depend on the current state of the ecosystem. Such dynamics often make recovery difficult or impossible. Though state changes in aquatic ecosystems have been studied extensively since the 1970s, there have been …

The Utilization Of Host-Derived Compounds By Gram-Negative Bacteria, Lauren Alexandra Hinkel

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

The increase in multidrug resistance (MDR) among bacterial pathogens is an ongoing threat to public health, with the CDC estimating more than 2.8 million MDR infections in the United States each year, and greater than 35,000 deaths annually. Gram-negative bacteria possess intrinsic mechanisms to resist available therapeutics and are frequently responsible for difficult-to-treat nosocomial, blood stream, and soft tissue infections. In addition to biophysical and genetic MDR mechanisms, Gram negatives are metabolically versatile, enabling them to utilize host-derived nutrients to promote proliferation and colonization within the host. The metabolic versatility of Gram-negative bacteria is due, in part, to the transcription …

Detection Of The Lung Environment By Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens, Graham Geier Willsey

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Nosocomial lung infections are a growing concern in the United States, with more than 300,000 cases reported annually. More than 30 % of which are caused by the Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Similarly, Gram-negative bacteria establish chronic infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) that are difficult or impossible to eradicate.P. aeruginosa has historically been one of the most prevalent pathogens of adults with CF. However, as antipseudomonal therapy has improved, more antibiotic resistant species have taken hold, including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which now colonizes more than 10 % of individuals with CF. Regardless of …

Target Identification Strategies For Mmv Malaria Box Inhibitors Of Toxoplasma Gondii Growth, Jenna Elizabeth Foderaro

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Small molecule screening is commonly used to discover lead compounds for drug development, but it can also be a powerful way to identify chemical probes for studying biological mechanisms. Our lab uses small molecules to study the mechanisms by which the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects and replicates within its hosts. In this work, we employed a fluorescence-based assay to screen the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Open Access Malaria box for compounds that affect T. gondii growth. The box contains 400 previously identified small-molecule inhibitors of the related parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. We identified 79 hits, including a 2,4-diaminoquinazoline (MMV006169; …

Rumen Microbial Ecology And Rumen-Derived Fatty Acids: Determinants Of And Relationship To Dairy Cow Production Performance, Laura Marie Cersosimo

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Rumen microbiota enable dairy cattle to breakdown fiber into useable energy for milk production. Rumen bacteria, protozoa, and fungi ferment feedstuff into volatile fatty acids (VFA), the main energy source, while methanogens utilize fermentation by-products to produce methane. Milk fat contains several bioactive rumen-derived fatty acids (FA), including odd-chain FA (OCFA) and branched-chain FA (BCFA), important for maintenance of human health. The overarching dissertation goal was to determine which factors affect rumen methanogen and protozoal community structures and their metabolism products, while defining relationships between rumen microbiota and animal performance. Results presented contribute to the goals of providing new knowledge …

Functional Consequences Of Ama1-Ron2 Interaction During Host Cell Invasion By Toxoplasma., Shruthi Krishnamurthy

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

T.gondii is a model organism of the phylum Apicomplexa that infects one third of the human population. While the majority of infections are asymptomatic or manifest with mild flu-like symptoms, toxoplasmosis can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals and in the developing fetus. The lytic cycle of tachyzoite-stage parasites causes damage to the host by repeated rounds of host cell invasion, intracellular replication and lysis of the host cell upon egress.

Invasion is a key step for the parasite to maintain its intracellular lifestyle. Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) is an adhesin released from a unique set of secretory organelles called …

A Comparative Analysis Of The Moose Rumen Microbiota And The Pursuit Of Improving Fibrolytic Systems., Suzanne Ishaq Pellegrini

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

The goal of the work presented herein was to further our understanding of the rumen microbiota and microbiome of wild moose, and to use that understanding to improve other processes. The moose has adapted to eating a diet of woody browse, which is very high in fiber, but low in digestibility due to the complexity of the plant polysaccharides, and the presence of tannins, lignin, and other plant-secondary compounds. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the moose would host novel microorganisms that would be capable of a wide variety of enzymatic functions, such as improved fiber breakdown, metabolism of digestibility-reducing or …