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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Molecular Biology
The Impact Of Nitric Oxide On Dendritic Cell Metabolism, Julia Priscilla Snyder
The Impact Of Nitric Oxide On Dendritic Cell Metabolism, Julia Priscilla Snyder
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinel immune cells capable of directly sensing and responding to pathogens. Upon pathogen recognition, DCs undergo a process of activation that allows them to participate in the proinflammatory response at the site of infection and to initiate the adaptive immune response through antigen presentation to T cells. Because activated DCs serve as the critical link between innate and adaptive immunity, modulating DC activation could be a powerful tool in various clinical contexts such as vaccine design. DC activation is accompanied by widespread changes in metabolism including the rapid upregulation of glycolysis, which is sustained in DCs …
The Maintenance Of Genomic Stability: Impacts Of The Loss Of Kif18a, Leslie Anne Sepaniac
The Maintenance Of Genomic Stability: Impacts Of The Loss Of Kif18a, Leslie Anne Sepaniac
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Regulated and repeated cell division is necessary for the development, growth, and reproduction of multicellular organisms. A central purpose of mitosis is to faithfully pass hereditary information from one cell onto two genetically identical daughter cells, thus maintaining genomic stability. Cells employ several mechanisms for maintaining genomic stability, including well-characterized cell cycle checkpoints. However, chromosome segregation errors can occur in spite of these regulatory mechanisms. Such errors can result in an improper number of chromosomes being distributed to daughter cells – termed aneuploidy – or improper localization of chromosomes into separate satellite nuclei – termed micronuclei. What, if any, additional …
Glutathionylation/Glutaredoxin Axis And The Regulation Of Epithelial Cell Plasticity And Fibroblast Activation In Airway Fibrosis, Shi Biao Chia
Glutathionylation/Glutaredoxin Axis And The Regulation Of Epithelial Cell Plasticity And Fibroblast Activation In Airway Fibrosis, Shi Biao Chia
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Asthma is a complex lung disorder that affects more than 200 million people across the globe. About 10% of asthmatics have severe disease accompanied by structural airway remodeling, including subepithelial fibrosis, airway smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, goblet metaplasia, and increased vascularization. Oxidative stress has been well-linked to asthma pathogenesis; however, the precise redox mechanisms governing the pathological states are slowly being teased apart in the recent years. Protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) is a posttranslational modification where a three amino acid-peptide, glutathione, forms a disulfide bond with reactive cysteines of a protein thereby potentially changing the protein’s biological functions. Glutaredoxins are members …
Anti-Tumor Signaling Of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta In Breast And Thyroid Cancer Cells, Eric Bolf
Anti-Tumor Signaling Of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta In Breast And Thyroid Cancer Cells, Eric Bolf
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Dysregulation of the tumor suppressor thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ) is a frequent event in a number of solid tumors. As a nuclear hormone receptor, the primary function of TRβ is to regulate transcriptional activity in a ligand-dependent manner. However, TRβ activity is not well-defined and the pathways it regulates are not yet fully delineated. The two cancer types where TRβ is best studied are thyroid cancer and breast cancer. Interestingly, thyroid cancer is a risk factor for breast cancer and breast cancer is a risk factor for thyroid cancer, suggestive of an etiological link. Determining the molecular mechanisms of …
Exosomes And Their Role In Asbestos Exposure And Mesothelioma, Phillip Blake Munson
Exosomes And Their Role In Asbestos Exposure And Mesothelioma, Phillip Blake Munson
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a locally invasive and highly aggressive cancer arising on the mesothelial surface of organ cavities (mainly pleural) as a direct result of asbestos exposure. The latency period of MM is long (20-50yrs) after initial asbestos exposure, and the prognostic outcomes are dismal with median life expectancy of 6-12 months post-diagnosis. There are no useful biomarkers for early MM diagnosis, no successful therapeutic interventions. These vast voids of knowledge led to our hypotheses that secreted vesicles, termed exosomes, play an important role in MM development and tumorigenic properties. Exosomes are nano-sized particles secreted from all cell types …
Effects Of Tumor-Related Factors And Chemotherapy On Skeletal Muscle And The Protective Effects Of Exercise, Blas Anselmo Guigni
Effects Of Tumor-Related Factors And Chemotherapy On Skeletal Muscle And The Protective Effects Of Exercise, Blas Anselmo Guigni
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Cancer patients often experience cachexia, a form of weight loss consisting mostly of skeletal muscle wasting. Muscle wasting leads to physical disability, poor quality of life, reduced tolerance to treatments and shorter survival. Although the causes of cancer-related muscle atrophy have been studied for decades, the exact mechanisms through which cancer and its treatments promote muscle wasting have yet to be defined.
The overall aim of this dissertation is to examine the mediators of muscle wasting in cancer patients during their treatment and examine the modulatory role of exercise to maintain muscle size and function. To address these aims, we …
Evidence For The Involvement Of Runx1 And Runx2 In Maintenance Of The Breast Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype, Mark Fitzgerald
Evidence For The Involvement Of Runx1 And Runx2 In Maintenance Of The Breast Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype, Mark Fitzgerald
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
In the United States, metastatic breast cancer kills approximately 40,000 women and 400 men annually, and approximately 200,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year. Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Despite advances in the detection and treatment of metastatic breast cancer, mortality rates from this disease remain high because the fact is that once metastatic, it is virtually incurable. It is widely accepted that a major reason breast cancer continues to exhibit recurrence after remission is that current therapies are insufficient for targeting and eliminating therapy-resistant cancer cells. Emerging research has …
The Role Of Inflammasomes In Asbestos-Induced Mesothelial To Fibroblastic Transition, Joyce K. Thompson
The Role Of Inflammasomes In Asbestos-Induced Mesothelial To Fibroblastic Transition, Joyce K. Thompson
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a fatal disease with a low median survival between 8 to 12 months after diagnosis. MM has a long latency period (10-60 years), is causally related to asbestos exposure, and is refractory to all available modes of therapy. Despite the causal association between asbestos exposure and MM however, the mechanisms by which asbestos induces this deadly disease remain unclear. Chronic inflammation due to the presence of asbestos fibers is believed to play an important role in all aspects of MM pathogenesis, from development to progression and resistance. Chronic inflammation has been shown to promote dysregulated wound …
Functional And Mechanistic Consequences Of Dual Oxidase 1 Suppression In Lung Cancer, Andrew Charles Little
Functional And Mechanistic Consequences Of Dual Oxidase 1 Suppression In Lung Cancer, Andrew Charles Little
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The NADPH oxidase homolog, dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1), is an H2O2 producing transmembrane enzyme highly expressed in the airway epithelium. DUOX1-dependent redox signaling has been characterized to regulate many homeostatic processes in the lung epithelium, such as host defense, wound healing, and type II immune responses. Intriguingly, DUOX1 has been found to be suppressed in many epithelial cancers, including lung cancer, by hypermethylation of its promoter. Epigenetic silencing of DUOX1 in cancer is paradoxical to the understanding that tumors harbor elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that DUOX1 may be a tumor suppressor.
Since DUOX1 loss occurs in …
Epicardial Cell Engraftment And Signaling Promote Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction, Krithika Rao
Epicardial Cell Engraftment And Signaling Promote Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction, Krithika Rao
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The epicardium is a single layer of epithelial (mesothelial) cells that covers the entire heart surface, but whose function in adult mammals is poorly understood. Defining the role of epicardial cells during homeostasis, growth and injury has potential to provide new treatment strategies for human diseases that result in heart failure, due to extensive loss of viable cardiac tissue. We hypothesized that epicardial cells contribute to repair as transplantable progenitor cells for cellular regeneration and as a source of secreted growth factors for cell protection after myocardial infarction.
Adult epicardial cells were prospectively isolated as uncommitted epithelial cells using epithelial-specific …