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2001

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Articles 1 - 30 of 724

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Evaluation Of Striped Bass Stocks In Virginia, Monitoring And Tagging Studies, 1999-2003 Annual Report, 1 September 2000 - 31 October 2001, Philip W. Sadler, Robert J. Latour, Robert E. Harris, John E. Olney Dec 2001

Evaluation Of Striped Bass Stocks In Virginia, Monitoring And Tagging Studies, 1999-2003 Annual Report, 1 September 2000 - 31 October 2001, Philip W. Sadler, Robert J. Latour, Robert E. Harris, John E. Olney

Reports

This report presents the results of striped bass (Marone saxatilis) tagging and monitoring activities in Virginia during the penod 1 September 2000 through 31 October 2001. It includes an assessment of the biological characteristics of striped bass taken from the 2001 spring spawning run, estimates of annual survtval based on annual spring tagging, and the results of the fall 2000 directed mortality study that is cooperative with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. The information contained in this report is required by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission and is used to implement a coordinated management plan for striped bass …

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Traversing The Internet For Useful Information, Julie Walker, Kory Bierle Dec 2001

Traversing The Internet For Useful Information, Julie Walker, Kory Bierle

Range Beef Cow Symposium

In the fast paced livestock industry, producers are looking for information that can give them an edge in a timely manner. Never before has so much information been at our fingertips. The Internet is an excellent tool that can be used for obtaining good research-based information. The type of information available on the Internet is endless. Daily, weekly, and yearly reports such as market reports can be found on free sites as well as private sites. When questions arise the Internet can be a resource finder. In addition, e-mail allows you to communicate with individuals on your time schedule.

Obtaining …

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Managing Young Cows, Dick Pruitt Dec 2001

Managing Young Cows, Dick Pruitt

Range Beef Cow Symposium

In a recent analysis of SPA records from the Northern Great Plains, pregnancy percentage, calving percentage and weaning percentage were important production variables related to profit (Dunn, 2000). The high profit group did not wean heavier calves than the medium profit group. Consistent with other studies, the high profit group had lower investment and total expenditures per cow than the medium or low profit groups. Although describing what makes a cow-calf enterprise profitable is not as simple as we might like, there is strong evidence that relatively high reproductive rate in combination with low cost of production is a very …

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Fat Supplementation For Beef Cows, Ivan G. Rush Dec 2001

Fat Supplementation For Beef Cows, Ivan G. Rush

Range Beef Cow Symposium

It has long been known that adequate energy is required for high reproduction in beef cows. Historically, most high energy supplements contained starch from grains such as corn, barley, etc., which may cause some negative effects on forage digestion when fed at relatively high levels. This is especially true when the ration is deficient in protein. An alternative to energy supplementation is utilizing plant and animal fat, which are much higher in energy than grains such as corn or barley. Early research has shown that very high levels of fat in the diet (in excess of 6-8% fat in the …

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Economics Of Young Female Management, Dillon M. Feuz Dec 2001

Economics Of Young Female Management, Dillon M. Feuz

Range Beef Cow Symposium

What is the value of a heifer calf, a bred heifer, or a re-bred 2nd calf cow? How does that value compare to the current market price? What is your cost of raising a heifer calf, bred heifer, or re-bred 2nd calf cow? How many pencils have been worn dull or how many spreadsheets have been created to answer these questions? The unrealistic objective of this paper is to answer these questions. Perhaps a more realistic objective is to answer some of these questions and to provide you the framework to answer some of the questions for your own operation. …

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Muscle Profiling, Chris R. Calkins Dec 2001

Muscle Profiling, Chris R. Calkins

Range Beef Cow Symposium

In the mid-90's, Cattle Fax released some alarming data. They showed that over the previous 5-year period the value of the beef rib and loin had increased by just 3-4% while the value of the chuck and round had dropped by 24-25%. Given that these later two primals make up the more than 56% of the carcass, it was clear that dramatic action was needed to reverse the trend. Increasing the value of the chuck and round meant knowing more about the muscles which comprise these cuts. Therefore, the University of Nebraska and the University of Florida joined together and …

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Beef Market Outlook, Randy Blach Dec 2001

Beef Market Outlook, Randy Blach

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Beef Business Facts:

1. The beef industry is changing rapidly

2. Competition will be tougher and margins will narrow

3. Risk is increasing

4. Approaches to marketing are changing

5. An increased percentage of beef will be sold under a brand name

6. Environmental and food safety issues will increase

7. General observations

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Leasing Arrangements For Cattle, Richard T. Clark, Duane Griffith, Kevin Dhuyvetter, Damona Doye Dec 2001

Leasing Arrangements For Cattle, Richard T. Clark, Duane Griffith, Kevin Dhuyvetter, Damona Doye

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Agriculturists have long used leasing arrangements as a means of farming or ranching with more than owned resources. Most commonly, land has been leased, but other resources can be acquired in a similar manner. Beef cows are leased between parties on either a cash or share of calf crop basis, but share leases seem to be predominant. Bulls, when not part of a cow share agreement, are primarily leased for cash.

Leasing arrangements may be considered in several situations. Producers can use leases, calf share in particular, to transfer ownership of cows to others over time with possibly less income …

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Purchasing Versus Raising Replacement Females: To Outsource Or Not To Outsource?, Jack C. Whittier Dec 2001

Purchasing Versus Raising Replacement Females: To Outsource Or Not To Outsource?, Jack C. Whittier

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The beef cattle industry is experiencing changes in the way it does business. Some have suggested that there is more change occurring now than in any other period of the industry’s history. Among these changes are indications, driven by real incentives, that more uniformity of production is evolving. Alliances and coordinated supply systems are developing that suggest - even specify - certain genetic and production parameters for those who supply calves into their production programs.

Establishing and maintaining a logical, economical, practical and effective system for replenishing the cowherd is a necessary (some would say a necessary evil) component of …

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The Role Of Undegradable Intake Protein In Management Of The Young Beef Female, Trey Patterson Dec 2001

The Role Of Undegradable Intake Protein In Management Of The Young Beef Female, Trey Patterson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Reproductive failure in young cows is expensive to many beef operations in the Northern Great Plains. Scientists, nutritionists, and producers have typically placed great effort into heifer development and mature cow management at the expense of two- and three-year-old cows. Meek et al. (1999), working with a ranch in the Nebraska Sandhills, found that the net present value (current animal value accounting for time value of money) of beef females peaked at four years old. Why were bred heifers and pregnant two-year-olds not more valuable than four-year-old cows? Reproductive failure in the young cows did not allow them to stay …

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What Are We Doing To Prevent Entry Of Potentially Catastrophic Foreign Animal Diseases Into The Usa, Gary C. Smith Dec 2001

What Are We Doing To Prevent Entry Of Potentially Catastrophic Foreign Animal Diseases Into The Usa, Gary C. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

What are Foreign Animal Diseases? By definition, a Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) is one which originates in another country and can, or does, enter the USA. An agency of our federal government, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), is charged with responsibility for preventing entry of FADs into our country and is especially vigilant regarding those FADs which would have potentially catastrophic effects on farm-animal populations, the agricultural economy and/or the public (human) health. Activities of APHIS specifically related to FADs include (USDA/APHIS, 2001): (a) Guarding our borders against foreign agricultural …

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Packing Industry Innovations As We Move To The Future?, H. Glen Dolezal Dec 2001

Packing Industry Innovations As We Move To The Future?, H. Glen Dolezal

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The beef industry has overcome numerous challenges in the past and has adopted and implemented new and innovative ideas to improve beef demand. A key change in the beef industry philosophy has been the switch from a mindset of commodity production to one of consumer focus for product safety, quality, convenience, and price point. The packing industry is well known for adopting technology. As we move into the future, technological advancements will continue in food safety and processing, as well as vision grading, case-ready solutions, value-added products, and product quality. Hopefully, these improvements will be made in cooperation with producers …

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National Market Cow And Bull Beef Quality Audit - 1999, Deborah Roeber, Keith E. Belk, Thomas G. Field, John A. Scanga, Gary L. Cowman, Gary C. Smith Dec 2001

National Market Cow And Bull Beef Quality Audit - 1999, Deborah Roeber, Keith E. Belk, Thomas G. Field, John A. Scanga, Gary L. Cowman, Gary C. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The National Non-Fed Beef Quality Audit – 1994 (NNFBQA-94) was conducted to benchmark the quality characteristics of market cows and bulls in the beef and dairy industries for purposes of encouraging implementation of quality management practices within the beef industry. From this audit, it was determined that producers were losing $69.90 for each market cow and bull harvested due to quality defects. As a means of recovering the lost value, producers were provided three means by which they could begin to recapture the lost value: 1) Manage market cows and bulls to minimize defects and quality deficiencies, 2) Monitor the …

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Environmental Challenges For The Ranching Community, Ron Micheli Dec 2001

Environmental Challenges For The Ranching Community, Ron Micheli

Range Beef Cow Symposium

My grandfather used to love to tell the story of a preacher who came to the ranch to visit. “My goodness, Joe, you have a beautiful place,” said the minister. “The green grass blowing in the wind, the cottonwood trees filled with singing birds, the abundant wildlife, and the sparkling streams, it is amazing what you and the good Lord have done.”

“Yes,” my grandfather said, “It is beautiful. But you should have seen it when the Lord was doing it by himself.”

There is a great message in that story. Man can improve the environment. Man can enhance mother …

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Beyond The Borders: International Marketing Developments And The Effects On Cattle Producers, Wendy Radakovich Dec 2001

Beyond The Borders: International Marketing Developments And The Effects On Cattle Producers, Wendy Radakovich

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The international market for U.S. beef has grown dramatically in the past decade to the benefit of beef producers. In 1990 U.S. beef and beef variety meat exports amounted to 508,109 metric tons worth $1.88 billion. By 2000 U.S. beef and beef variety exports grew to 1,237,000 metric tons worth $3.6 billion.

Why is the international market important to beef producers? There are several examples that demonstrate the importance of the export market to U.S. beef producers. U.S. beef exports represented 13% of production in 2000. This is equivalent to 2.7 billion pounds. 2000 was also the first year the …

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Vertical Communication: The Aligning Of The Beef Industry Segments, Dave True Dec 2001

Vertical Communication: The Aligning Of The Beef Industry Segments, Dave True

Range Beef Cow Symposium

During this presentation, I hope to convey why True Ranches, a family owned cow/calf producer and feeder in Wyoming has joined forces with Future Beef Operations (FBO). In brief summary, we believe that True Ranches fits well with FBO’s strategy and there is a clear, well identified target towards which the entire system is striving.

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From The Ranch To The Feedlot – What Works And What Doesn’T?, John Mcneill Dec 2001

From The Ranch To The Feedlot – What Works And What Doesn’T?, John Mcneill

Range Beef Cow Symposium

It has always been the mindset of ranchers to produce a calf crop as cheap as possible, pass it off to the next phase of production, and then focus on doing the same thing to the next year’s production. Asking them to do something that adds value down the production chain that does not add value or saleable pounds at the ranch of origin generally falls on deaf ears. However, in recent years market signals are being sent to not only heighten their awareness of things they can do at the ranch to create value, but in many cases make …

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An Update On Clostridial Diseases/Abomasal Ulcers, R. G. Mortimer, R. P. Ellis Dec 2001

An Update On Clostridial Diseases/Abomasal Ulcers, R. G. Mortimer, R. P. Ellis

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Losses of calves in beef herds to Clostridial diseases continues to be a problem. In a large 1991 Colorado study of 47 herds with 11,767 cows reported that two of the most common causes of calf mortality were enteric and sudden death diseases. Both of these entities are consistent with Clostridial disease. Unfortunately, less than 1% of the calves that died were ever presented to a diagnostic lab for confirmation of death and 99% was based on producer perception. A smaller study conducted in 1992-93 of 15 beef herds in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska with 3,273 calves born attempted to …

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Diseases And Medications Associated With The Food Animal Profession, Tim Holt Dec 2001

Diseases And Medications Associated With The Food Animal Profession, Tim Holt

Range Beef Cow Symposium

I. DRUG CLASSIFICATION

II. COMMON USES FOR ABOVE MEDICATIONS

III. PRACTICAL APPROACH TO THE SICK ANIMAL (ADR)

IV. NORMAL PARAMETERS

V. Gross Pathology of Food Animals (Necropsy)

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The Use Of Ultrasound Technology In Genetic Selection Decisions, William Herring, David Kemp Dec 2001

The Use Of Ultrasound Technology In Genetic Selection Decisions, William Herring, David Kemp

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Today, real-time ultrasound (RTU) can be used to gather live cattle data that subsequently can be used for the genetic prediction of carcass cutability and meat quality traits. Initially, identification of sires that were superior for carcass merit could only be accomplished through progeny testing, an expensive, slow and logistically complicated process. Today, breed associations use RTU data solely or in combination with actual carcass data for computation of carcass EPD. While much research should be done to improve the accuracy and cost of the technology, RTU provides a valuable tool for genetic selection of carcass merit.

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Emerging Protocols To Synchronize Estrus In Replacement Beef Heifers And Postpartum Cows, D. J. Patterson, J. E. Stegner, G. A. Perry, F. N. Kojima, M. F. Smith Dec 2001

Emerging Protocols To Synchronize Estrus In Replacement Beef Heifers And Postpartum Cows, D. J. Patterson, J. E. Stegner, G. A. Perry, F. N. Kojima, M. F. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The beef cattle industry has seen rapid gains in economically desirable traits largely due to the selection and expanded use of genetically superior sires made available through artificial insemination (AI). Recent surveys indicate, however that less than 5 percent of the beef cows in the United States are bred by AI, and only half of the cattle producers who practice AI use any form of estrus synchronization to facilitate their AI programs. The inability to predict time of estrus for individual cows or heifers in a group often makes it impractical to use AI because of the labor required for …

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Effects Of Mineral Nutrition Of Immune Function And Factors That Affect Trace Mineral Requirements Of Beef Cattle, Terry E. Engle Dec 2001

Effects Of Mineral Nutrition Of Immune Function And Factors That Affect Trace Mineral Requirements Of Beef Cattle, Terry E. Engle

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Trace minerals exist in cells and tissues of the animal body in a variety of chemical combinations, and in characteristic concentrations, which vary with the trace mineral and tissue (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). The concentrations of trace minerals must usually be maintained within quite narrow limits if the functional and structural integrity of the tissue is to be maintained and the growth, health, and productivity of the animal are to remain unimpaired (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Ingestion of diets that are deficient, imbalanced, or excessively high in trace minerals may induce changes in the …

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The Value Of Corn As A Hay Replacement For Cows, Cody Wright Dec 2001

The Value Of Corn As A Hay Replacement For Cows, Cody Wright

Range Beef Cow Symposium

In many western cattle operations, harvested forages have traditionally been considered the most economical feedstuffs for wintering beef cows. However, in certain situations, the nutrient content of standing or harvested forages may be inadequate to meet the nutritional requirements of the beef cow for maintenance, gestation, or lactation. Furthermore, the availability of standing or harvested forages may be limited, especially during drought years and(or) severe winters when the cost of medium- to low-quality forages may reach $80-100 per ton. Feeding corn grain may represent an economically viable alternative in each of these scenarios.

Producers commonly ask “how much corn can …

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“The Best And Worst Decisions I’Ve Made”, Bob Budd Dec 2001

“The Best And Worst Decisions I’Ve Made”, Bob Budd

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Given the amount of time I have driven around, or stood around thinking about this topic, I can now definitively say that it is one of the meanest assignments Professor Hixon has ever given out. The fact that he gave me several weeks to ruminate on the topic only makes it more distressing, and the loss of sleep has been severe. If the time frame were more strict, such as what is the worst or best decision you made yesterday, or last week, this would not be nearly as stressful, but to force me to think of every stupid thing …

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Intensification Of Cow/Calf Production: A History, John Maddux Dec 2001

Intensification Of Cow/Calf Production: A History, John Maddux

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The Cow-Calf sector of the beef industry has undergone a period of increasing intensification and tremendous changes in productivity over the past 25 years. Improved technology, new production systems and changing economics have driven the Cow-Calf sector to higher and higher production levels. In this presentation I will lay out the underlying reasons for this increased production and intensification and why it will continue in the future.

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Considerations When Selecting A Calving Season, R. Burke Teichert Dec 2001

Considerations When Selecting A Calving Season, R. Burke Teichert

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The selection of a calving season could well be one of the most important economic decisions made on a ranch. Changes in calving season and weaning date can cause or require many other changes in a cow-calf production system. Therefore, a systems approach should be used wherein every variable that one can think of should be considered to get the best estimate of the overall effect. The economic rewards of selecting the “best” calving season can make the analysis worthwhile.

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Vertical Communication: The Aligning Of Beef Industry Segments, Charlie Peters Dec 2001

Vertical Communication: The Aligning Of Beef Industry Segments, Charlie Peters

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Relative to competing proteins, the beef industry has lagged in its ability to integrate productions segments. The inherent nature of protein production from ruminants dictates that some obstacles to vertical integration in the beef industry are relatively permanent in nature. Simply the vast differences in environments across the country and the way seedstock producers, cow-calf producers, backgrounders and feedyards respond by implementing more localized production and management practices creates a setting where “one-size-fits-all” is virtually impossible. True vertical integration requires control from start to finish. Control from start to finish of production and marketing occurs most readily with complete ownership. …

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Vertical Communication: The Aligning Of Beef Industry Segments, Larry Corah, Steve Suther Dec 2001

Vertical Communication: The Aligning Of Beef Industry Segments, Larry Corah, Steve Suther

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Cow-calf producers can count on erratic weather, day-to-day market swings and continuing changes in everything else that affects them. In the last five or six years especially, structural and technological changes in the industry occurred so rapidly as to seem more threatening than those more familiar variables of weather and markets. But there is a silver lining to this storm of change: you can ride it out and come out on top if you understand it and take action.

Consolidation in the feedlot, retail, food service and packing segments has caused many cow-calf and stocker operations to ask that basic …

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Pine Needle Abortion – What We Know As Well As How To Predict/Prevent The Problem, Stephen P. Ford Dec 2001

Pine Needle Abortion – What We Know As Well As How To Predict/Prevent The Problem, Stephen P. Ford

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Pinus ponderosa or western yellow pine (Pinnace) is widely distributed in the U.S., but is most abundant in the Western U.S. and Western Canada. In the late 1920’s cattle stockmen and ranchers first suspected that ingestion of needles and buds from ponderosa pine trees caused an abortion. Original claims of ponderosa pine needles (PPN) being an abortifacient were discounted because of the many other known causes of abortions such as infectious diseases (brucellosis, leptospirosis), phosphorus and Vitamin A deficiencies. It wasn’t until 1952 that McDonald provided the first definitive evidence for a direct effect of a toxin in PPN needles …

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Dna Assisted Selection – A Realistic Perspective, Daniel Pomp Dec 2001

Dna Assisted Selection – A Realistic Perspective, Daniel Pomp

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Breathtaking advances are occurring in the knowledge and understanding of the structure, sequence and function of DNA. The entire genetic blueprint, or DNA code, has now been deciphered for humans, mice and a variety of other organisms. This modern-day “Genomic Revolution” may be one of the most important periods in the scientific history of humankind, promising diagnostics and therapeutics for numerous diseases and maladies.

In animal agriculture, and particularly in beef cattle improvement, the payoffs of the “Genomic Revolution” have seemingly been few and far between. DNA information on cattle is now routinely used for determining parentage and for quality …

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