Life Sciences Commons^™

Nebraska Plant Distribution, David M. Sutherland, Robert B. Kaul

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Distribution notes based on recent collections and herbarium work are provided for 46 Nebraska plant taxa, including 43 flowering plants, two ferns, and one liverwort. The list includes several plants that are new to the State and provides range extensions within the State for many others. Several previously published distribution records believed to be erroneous are also discussed.

Three New Species Of North American Polyphylla Harris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), Ronald M. Young

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Polyphylla brownae from Alabama, Polyphylla ratcliffei from Utah, and Polyphylla stellata from California are described as new. They are correlated with existing keys, and each holotype is illustrated.

Quantitation And Identification Of Organic N-Chloramines Formed In Stomach Fluid On Ingestion Of Aqueous Hypochlorite, Frank E. Scully Jr., Katherine Mazina, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Frederick Kopfler

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The chemical reactions that hypochlorite undergoes in the body when chlorinated water is ingested have received very little attention. Because amino nitrogen compounds are important components of the average diet, the reactions of hypochlorite with amino compounds in the stomach were investigated. Stomach fluid was recovered from Sprague-Dawley rats that had been fasted for 48 hr and administered 4 mL deionized water. The chlorine demand of the stomach fluid was determined. An average volume-independent demand of 2.7 mg chlorine was measured. At doses below 40 mg/L chlorine reducing reactions appeared to account for reduction of all oxidizing species within 15 …

Effect Of Active Immunization Against Lhrh Or Lh In Boars: Reproductive Consequences And Performance Traits, R. E. Falvo, V. Chandrashekar, R. D. Arthur, A. R. Kuenstler, T. Hasson, C. Awcniyi, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Forty crossbred boars were equally divided into eight groups at birth. Four groups were immunized (200 μg/boar) at 12 wk of age against either luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) conjugated to human serum globulin (LHRH-hSG) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), LHRH-hSG in muramyldipeptide adjuvant (PEP), procine luteinizing hormone (LH) conjugated to hSG (pLH-hSG) in CFA or ovine LH (oLH) in CFA. Equal doses of boosters were given in either PEP or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) at 16 and 18 wk of age. Two groups of boars were immunized with either hSG + CFA or hSG + PEP (adjuvant controls). Two groups …

Seventh Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Accuracy And Utility Of Sarcomere Length Assessment By Laser Diffraction, Peter A. Koolmees, Frank Korteknie, Frans J.M. Smulders

Food Structure

In two experiments the computation of sarcomere length from laser diffraction patterns was tested for accuracy against phase-contrast microscopy . Particular attention was paid to methodological factors such as sampling location and computation formulae. Correlation coefficients between the laser diffraction technique and the microscopical method were high (r= 0.96) in both experiments. However, when computed from a simplified formula, the sarcomere length values, determined by laser diffraction patterns tended to be approximately 0. 10 lJm lower. It is recommended to use the correct formula in computing the laser diffraction data and to investigate a limited number of fibres (3) in …

Observations On The Microstructure And Rheology Of Ovalbumin Gels, I. Heertje, F. S.M. Kleef

Food Structure

Understanding the gelation behaviour of proteins is of importance in order to be able to influence the properties of many food systems and it may lead to proposals for product or process improvement . In this context the formation of heat-set ovdl bumin gels. in different media , has been studied by microstrucmral. rheological and conformational observations. An oval bumin/ water geL prepared at pH 5, shows a granular. inhomogeneous microstructure. At this pH the re are both many interand intramolecu lar interactions. and network formation occurs via aggregates of folded, globular protein chains. On the other hand , gels …

Ultrastructure Of Cooked Spaghetti, M. A. Pagani, D. J. Gallant, B. Bouchet, P. Resmini

Food Structure

Several electron microscopy (EM) complementary techniques (scanning electron microscopy, freeze-fracturing and thin-sectioning) have been applied in the ultrastructural study of spaghetti.

Experimental spaghetti have been produced starting from two semolinas from the same wheat cultivar and using a low temperature (LT) and very high temperature (VHT) drying schemes.

Cooking quality of these products was not related to the quantity of the main components present in semolina. however, the drying conditions (temperature and humidity) and the nature of the cooking water greatly influenced cooking characteristics.

The three EM techniques were used to detected differences in protein and starch organization in relationship …

Ultrastructure Of Maize Starch Granules. A Review, Daniel J. Gallant, Brigitte Bouchet

Food Structure

History of starch granule ultrastructure and the principal data obtained on maize starch granules are analyzed. New results are developed: i) growth and development of the maize starch granules during maturation depend on the maize varieties and the tissue site in the kernel, especially the horny and flloury endosperms; ii) cytochemical studies of the starch granules differing from their amylose/amylopectin ratio show important differences in the distribution of their crystalline and amorphous zones that explain their behaviour under some hydrolytic treatments; iii) complexing between colloidal gold labelled concanavalin-A and starch (amylopectin) permits new and greater specificity to ultrastructural study of …

Mechanical Properties Of Cheese, Cheese Analogues And Protein Gels In Relation To Composition And Microstructure, M. L. Green, K. R. Langley, R. J. Marshall, B. E. Brooker, A. Willis, J. F. V. Vincent

Food Structure

Samples of commercial Cheddar cheese, experimental Cheddar cheeses made from heated, ultrafiltration-concentrated mllks, processed cheese analogues and whey protein gels of defined composition were examined microscopically and some fracture and deformation properties were determined. Surfaces of cheese prepared by critical point drying and those examined frozen were comparable in microstructure. As the concentration factor of the milk used for experimental c heesemaking increased, the cheese became more resistant to reversible deformation, the work required to cut with a wire or break wf th a hammer increased and the microstructure showed that the protein matrix was coarser. The force to deform …

Effects Of Processing And Cooking On The Structural And Microchemical Composition Of Oats, S. H. Yiu

Food Structure

Fluorescence microscopy was used to analyze the structural and microchemical organization of oat constituents in cooked and uncooked products of whole grain and three commercial ly available rolled oats. Results of the microscopic examination indicated that proteins and lipids in the endosperm tissue were most susceptible to processing. Instead of being individually packaged in distinct structural units like those found in unprocessed groats, both proteins and lipids appeared as aggregated masses after processing. Cooking induced further aggregation. Starch grains in the uncooked rolled oat samples still retained their granular. polygonal structures. although some compound grains were broken up into individual …

Structural Characteristics Of Eleusine Corocana (Finger Millet) Using Scanning Electron And Fluorescence Microscopy, C. M. Mcdonough, L. W. Rooney, C. F. Earp

Food Structure

The objective of this study was to document the microstructure of finger millet wlth scanning electron and fluorescence microscopies. Finger millet is an utricle which is spheri ca 1 and about 1 . 5 ITlT1 in diameter. The membranous peri carp of finger millet was loosely associated with the seed at maturity. Beneath the loose pericarp wa s a five-layered testa that varied from red to purple in color. The outer layer was the only testa layer that autofl uoresced, suggesting the presence of phenolic acids, i .e., ferulic acid. The aleurone layer was beneath the testa , and was …

Fluorescence Characterization Of The Mature Caryopsis Of Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench, C. F. Earp, L. W. Rooney

Food Structure

Fluorescence microscopy was used to characterize the mature car yaps is of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench . Acid Fuchsin, a protein specific dye used in bright field microscopy, caused protein bodies and matrix in the sorghum endosperm to fluoresce. ANS (8-ani lino-1- naphthal e ne sulfonic acid) also caused the protein bodi es and matrix in the endosperm to fluoresce. Varietal differences in endosperm protein dist r ibution were evident when viewed after sta · ning with Acid Fuchsin . Nile Blue A caused fl uorescence in neutral lipids such as those in :he lipid bodies in the aleurone and …

The Effect Of A Bacteriophage On The Competition Of Rhizobium Japonicum Strains For Nodulation Of Glycine Max (L.) Merr, Lori Kelley

Masters Theses

The symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium japonicum (Kir.) Buch. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. was the concern of this thesis. This relationship occurs naturally in soybean fields. In the field there are many different strains of Rhizobium. Some of these strains fix atmospheric nitrogen more efficiently than others resulting in a higher crop yield. The problem is the more efficient nitrogen fixers are out-competed by less efficient nitrogen fixers. In order to solve this problem the more competitive strains have to be controlled. There are two main ways to do this. One is to increase the number of the desired …

Ectoparasites Of Geomys Bursarius Illinoensis, Rick L. Miller

Masters Theses

This study was conducted to determine what ectoparasitic organisms are found on the pairie pocket gophers, Geomys burasrius, occurring in an isolated population in northeastern Illinois. The study area was a five hectare grassland community composed predominately of sandy soil, located in northeastern Iriquois Co., two miles north and three miles east of Beaverville, IL.

A total of 19 pocket gophers were captured from October 2 to November 17, 1983. Blood was collected and smears were made in the field. Hosts were examined for ectoparasites in the laboratory. Six hundred and nine ectoparasitic organisms were isolated representing a mean …

Analysis Of The Charleston, Illinois Water Supply For The Presence Of Organic Mutagens Utilizing The Ames Salmonella/Microsome Assay, Steven Lee Washburn

Masters Theses

Water samples from the Charleston, Illinois water supply and selected agricultural run-off areas were tested for the presence of organic mutagenic chemicals. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay utilizing strains TA98 and TA100 was used to analyze concentrated water samples. A special set of samples was exposed to the S9 activation system coupled with the TA98 strain to simulate the mammalian metabolic system.

No mutagens were detected in any of the samples tested. Several positive and negative control systems were included in the testing system. Negative control systems were used to determine the average spontaneous reversion rates for each strain for …

Nebraska Plant Distribution, David M. Sutherland, Robert B. Kaul

Biology Faculty Publications

Distribution notes based on recent collections and herbarium work are provided for 46 Nebraska plant taxa, including 43 flowering plants, two ferns, and one liverwort. The list includes several plants that are new to the State and provides range extensions within the State for many others. Several previously- published distribution records believed to be erroneous are also discussed.

G86-783 Complete Rations -- Should You Feed Them?, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the advantages and disadvantages of feeding complete rations to dairy herds.

Using the complete ration system for feeding dairy cows has become increasingly popular. Nutritionists generally consider it the ideal method of feeding dairy cattle. Milk production per cow can be maximized, and feed and labor costs minimized, with this system. However, the necessary equipment is expensive and may be excessive for loose-housed herds of less than 100 cows.

G86-778 Do You Practice Good Milking Procedures?, Gerald R. Bodman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide outlines good milking procedures to follow to assure high quality milk production while minimizing mastitis and other health problems.

Milking, or harvesting the milk crop, is a critical step between planting crops, building facilities, and paying bills on a dairy farm. While highly productive cows and a properly functioning milking system are essential, how the cows are handled and the milking system is used are equally important. Proper milking procedures are necessary to assure a bountiful harvest of high quality milk.

The nature of milk-secreting tissue and the anatomy of the udder make harvesting the milk crop impossible …

G86-820 How To Maximize Income By Managing Days Dry, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide discusses the benefits of maintaining the optimum calving interval and offers suggestions for accomplishing this reproductive management technique.

Most dairy producers are aware that an optimum calving interval is 365 days. This is a normal lactation length of 305 days with a dry period of 60 days. This interval is often looked at as a goal to strive toward rather than a goal that must be reached to maximize income from the sale of milk.

G86-796 Growing Degree Day Requirements And Freeze Risk As A Guide To Selecting And Planting Corn Hybrids, Ralph E. Neild

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the growing degree day requirements for Nebraska's four corn-growing regions, and how using these requirements can aid in planting date decisions.

Variations between locations, between seasons at a particular location, between planting times at a particular location and season, and between the requirements of different hybrids result in differences in the number of days it takes for corn to mature. These variations in days are all closely related to differences in temperatures when the corn is being grown.

Ec86-113 A Guide For Planning And Analyzing A Year-Round Forage Program, Steven S. Waller, Lowell E. Moser, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Efficient grazing management programs cannot succeed without proper stocing rates. However, proper stocking rate alone will not insure a successful grazing program. Successful grazing management only occurs when all factors affecting production are manipulated properly: season of use; kind, class, and/or combination of animals; grazing distribution; grazing program; fertilization; pest control; and water management as well as stocking rate. The following suggestions in this circular are a guide to initial planning of new pastures and the modification of existing grazing programs.

Ec86-1539 Common Household Pests

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. This publications shows the following insects:

1. Oriential cockroach 2. American cockroach
3. German cockroach
4. Brown-banded cockroach
5. House fly
6. Black carpet beetle
7. Webbing clothes moth
8. Silverfish
9. Flea
10. Brown dog tick
11. Pavement ant
12. Subterranean termite
13. Powder-post beetle
14. Carpenter ant
15. Boxelder bug

G86-814 Using Ram Lambs For Breeding, Ted Doane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide explains how ram lambs can be most efficiently used in a breeding program and provides management suggestions for a successful program.

Are you planning to use a ram lamb this breeding season? If so, you should consider the capabilities and limitations of ram lambs.

It may be true that some well-grown, aggressive, vigorous, highly fertile ram lambs can settle 50 ewes and maybe more. However, these rams are exceptions. A good rule to follow for practical ram management is 15 to 20 ewes for a ram lamb and 35 to 50 ewes for a mature ram.

G86-815 Reproductive Problems In Rams, Alan R. Doster, Dale M. Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Systematic examination of all males to be used for breeding can prevent reproductive failure, minimize nonpregnant ewes, and increase numbers of lambs born early during lambing season.

The importance of using only highly fertile, healthy rams in breeding programs cannot be overemphasized. This is especially true in the case of small producers where only one ram is required. The ram represents an often neglected part of sheep production.

Repair-Deficient Xeroderma Pigmentosum Cells Made Uv Light Resistant By Fusion With X-Ray-Inactivated Chinese Hamster Cells, Deneb Karentz, James E. Cleaver

Biology Faculty Publications

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive human disease, characterized by an extreme sensitivity to sunlight, caused by the inability of cells to repair UV light-induced damage to DNA. Cell fusion was used to transfer fragments of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) chromosomes into XP cells. The hybrid cells exhibited UV resistance and DNA repair characteristics comparable to those expressed by CHO cells, and their DNA had greater homology with CHO DNA than did the DNA from XP cells. Control experiments consisted of fusion of irradiated and unirradiated XP cells and repeated exposure of unfused XP cells to UV doses used …

The Genera Of Elatinaceae In The Southeastern United States, Gordon C. Tucker

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Fawn Breeding In A South Carolina Deer Herd, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., James M. Novak, Michael H. Smith, Paul E. Johns

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Annual variation in breeding success among female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns on the Savannah River Plant (1967 to 1985) was determined from direct counts of pregnancy in spring-collected fawn females and evidence of lactation and measurements of udder thickness in fall-harvested 1. 5-yearolds. Percent lactation in 1.5-year-old females collected during September and October gave the best estimate of fawn breeding in the previous year. The overall mean fawn breeding estimate from September and October was 41 % , and the yearly variation in fawn breeding was significant. An estimate of the average yearly contribution to recruitment was 43 fetuses …

Plant Breeding For The Home Gardener, Henry R. Owen

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

New Mesoamerican Species Of Cyperus (Cyperaceae), Gordon C. Tucker

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Four species of the genus Cyperus are described, illustrated, and compared to their nearest relatives. These are: C. matudae and C. breedlovei (Subgenus Protocyperus) from the Pacific slope of Chiapas, Mexico; and C. wilburii and C. svensonii (Subgenus Cyperus) from the lowlands of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and from the uplands of Chiapas, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, respectively.