Life Sciences Commons^™

Quercetin In Sports And Exercise: A Review, Jennifer Kurtz, Trisha Vandusseldorp, Jeff Otis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 1334-1384, 2023. This paper systematically reviews the latest evidence regarding Quercetin’s (Q) effect following exercise performance, aerobic and anaerobic exercise, muscle-damaging bouts and highlights blood biomarkers associated with muscle damage and recovery. Google Scholar, Web of Science, and MedLine (PubMed) searches were conducted through July- December 2021. Peer-reviewed studies that investigated Q as a single ingredient or in combination with other ingredients at dosages of 500 mg - 3000 mg, ranging from 15 min-to-1 h prior to exercise bout or chronic dose (7 days - 8 weeks) of consumption were included. A total of …

Effects Of Varying Load Intensity On Skeletal Muscle Damage Between Two Isovolumic Resistance Exercise Bouts, Lee J. Winchester, Cody E. Morris, Patton Allen, Teresa Wiczynski, Scott W. Arnett, T. Scott Lyons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 1212-1221, 2022. There are limited data comparing the efficacy of resistance loads within the hypertrophy range for promoting muscular growth, particularly when similar training volumes are utilized. The purpose of this study was to determine if two similar volume-loads, utilizing different intensities, would produce dissimilar muscular damage and inflammation. Eleven resistance-trained, college-aged males participated in this study. After testing 1RM barbell squats, participants completed two similar volume-load barbell squat sessions at two different resistance loads (67% and 85% of 1RM) on two separate visits. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and one hour …

Downhill Running Impairs Peripheral But Not Central Neuromuscular Indices In Elbow Flexor Muscles, Xin Ye, Robert J. Benton, William M. Miller, Sunggun Jeon, Jun Seob Song

Faculty and Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 1-h downhill running exercise on the elbow flexor muscles’ neuromuscular functions. Seventeen adults (Control [CON]: n = 9; Experimental [EXP]: n = 8) completed this study. The CON rested for 30 min while the EXP performed the downhill running. Before, 10 min, 24 h, and 48 h after the interventions, dependent variables (knee extensor muscle soreness, elbow flexion and knee extension isometric strength, elbow flexion resting twitch and voluntary activation [VA], and the biceps surface electromyography [EMG] amplitude) were measured. Knee extensor muscle soreness was significantly greater in …

Changes In Plasma Hydroxyproline And Plasma Cell-Free Dna Concentrations After Higher- Versus Lower-Intensity Eccentric Cycling, Georgios Mavropalias, Leslie Calapre, Michael Morici, Tomoko Koeda, Wayne C. K. Poon, Oliver R. Barley, Elin Gray, Anthony J. Blazevich, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose:

We examined changes in plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, hydroxyproline and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations in relation to changes in maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following a session of volume-matched higher- (HI) versus lower-intensity (LI) eccentric cycling exercise.

Methods:

Healthy young men performed either 5 × 1-min HI at 20% of peak power output (n = 11) or 5 × 4-min LI eccentric cycling at 5% of peak power output (n = 9). Changes in knee extensor MVIC torque, DOMS, plasma CK activity, and hydroxyproline and cfDNA concentrations before, immediately after, and 24–72 …

Impact Of Varying Dosages Of Fish Oil On Recovery And Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Kurt A. Escobar, Kelly E. Johnson, Matthew T. Statton, Terrence Moriarty, Chad M. Kerksick, Gerald T. Mangine, Alyssa J. Holmes, Matthew Lee, Marvin R. Endito, Christine M. Mermier

Faculty Scholarship

Fish oils (FOs) are rich in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have been purported to enhance recovery of muscular performance and reduce soreness post-exercise. However, the most effective FO dose for optimizing recovery remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of FO supplementation dosing on the recovery of measures of muscular performance, perceived soreness, and markers of muscle damage following a rigorous bout of eccentric exercise. Thirty-two college-aged resistance-trained males (~23.6 years, 71.6 kg, 172.1 cm) were supplemented with 2, 4, 6 g/day (G) FO or placebo (PL) for ~7.5 weeks. Following 7 weeks …

Effect Of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementationon Recovery Following Acute Eccentric Exercise, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Kurt A. Escobar, Kelly E. Johnson, Matthew T. Stratton, Terence Moriarty, Nathan Cole, James J. Mccormick, Chad M. Kersick, Roger A. Vaughan, Karol Dokladny, Len Kravitz, Christine M. Mermier

Faculty Articles

This study investigated the effect of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementationon recovery from eccentric exercise. Twenty males ingested either a BCAA supplement or placebo(PLCB) prior to and following eccentric exercise. Creatine kinase (CK), vertical jump (VJ), maximalvoluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), jump squat (JS) and perceived soreness were assessed.No significant (p> 0.05) group by time interaction effects were observed for CK, soreness, MVIC, VJ,or JS. CK concentrations were elevated above baseline (p< 0.001) in both groups at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hr,while CK was lower (p= 0.02) in the BCAA group at 48 hr compared to PLCB. Soreness increasedsignificantly from baseline (p< 0.01) in both groups at all time-points; however, BCAA supplementedindividuals reported less soreness (p< 0.01) at the 48 and 72 hr time-points. MVIC force outputreturned to baseline levels (p> 0.05) at 24, 48 and 72 hr for BCAA individuals. No significant differencebetween groups (p> 0.05) was detected for VJ or JS. BCAA supplementation may mitigate musclesoreness following muscle-damaging …

Myonuclear Domain Flexibility Challenges Rigid Assumptions On Satellite Cell Contribution To Skeletal Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy, Kevin A. Murach, Davis A. Englund, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, John J. Mccarthy, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

Satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion is thought to be required for skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy, and even drive hypertrophy by preceding growth. Recent studies in humans and rodents provide evidence that challenge this axiom. Specifically, Type 2 muscle fibers reliably demonstrate a substantial capacity to hypertrophy in the absence of myonuclear accretion, challenging the notion of a tightly regulated myonuclear domain (i.e., area that each myonucleus transcriptionally governs). In fact, a “myonuclear domain ceiling”, or upper limit of transcriptional output per nucleus to support hypertrophy, has yet to be identified. Satellite cells respond to muscle damage, and also play an important …

Exertional Rhabdomyolysis After An Extreme Conditioning Competition: A Case Report, Ramires Alsamir Tibana, Nuno Manuel Frade De Sousa, Gabriel Veloso Cunha, Jonato Prestes, James W. Navalta, Fabricio Azevedo Voltarelli

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

This case report describes an instance of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis caused by an extreme conditioning program (ECP) competition. A 35-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and soreness, which began one day after she completed two days of ECPcompetition composed of five workouts. Three days after competition, creatine kinase (CK) was 77,590 U/L accompanied by myalgia and abnormal liver function tests, while renal function was normal and this resulted in a diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. A follow-up examination revealed that her serum level of CK was still elevated to 3034 U/L on day 10 and 1257 U/L on day 25 following the ECP …

Comparison Of A Pneumatic Compression Device To A Compression Garment During Recovery From Doms, Molly Winke, Shelby Williamson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 375-383, 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a pneumatic compression device (PCD) compared to a continuously-worn compression sleeve (CS) during a five-day recovery period from delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the elbow flexors. Eight college-aged students participated in this crossover design study. The muscle-damage protocol consisted of four sets of 25 repetitions of isokinetic concentric elbow flexion followed by eccentric elbow extension at 60 ^o/second. Immediately following the muscle-damage protocol, subjects either wore a CS continually for five days or completed daily, 20-minute PCD treatments for five …

The Role Of The Innate And Adaptive Immunity In Exercise Induced Muscle Damage And Repair, B Jones, G Hoyne

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

The immune system plays a crucial role in regulating tissue repair processes following damage. The cellular basis of tissue repair has best been studied in toxin-induced models due to their reliability and reproducible kinetics. These models have established a crucial role for innate and adaptive immune cells that follow a temporally regulated response that begins with a proinflammatory response that is subsequently replaced by a regulatory type 2 immune response to facilitate tissue repair and restore homeostasis. Inflammation is a crucial first response to cell damage that is modulated by the response of innate lymphoid cells and tissue resident regulatory …

Timing Influence Of Carbohydrate-Protein Ingestion On Muscle Soreness And Next-Day Running Performance, Beau Greer, Anna Greer, Brett Jones

Anna E. Greer

The present study investigates timing effects of a carbohydrate-protein (CHO-PROT) beverage on indicators of muscle damage and next day running performance. Nine trained subjects completed three trials of a 30 min downhill run, followed by a 1.5 mile treadmill running time trial 24 hours later in a blinded, crossover design. Either a CHO-PROT or non-caloric placebo beverage was given 30 min and 5 min prior to, at the 15 min mark during, immediately after, and 30 min after the downhill running protocol. In the first treatment (T1), a total of 360 kilocalories was given 30 min and 5 min prior …

Changes In Creatine Phosphokinase Isoenzymes After Varying Levels Of Resistance Exercise, Ashley Lamar, Yunsuk Koh, Jin K. Park, Farzana Alam

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Creatine phosphokinase (CK) isoenzymes are found in various tissues, such as skeletal muscle (CK-MM), cardiac muscle (CK-MB), and the brain (CK-BB). Elevated CK isoenzymes indicate damage or injury to specific tissue. Using CK isoenzymes as a marker in order to indicate muscle damage as a result of different degrees of resistance exercise has not been clearly examined. Purpose: To determine the changes in CK isoenzymes following resistance exercise at different intensities. Methods: Ten healthy recreationally resistance-trained (at least 3 - 6 days per week for a minimum of one year) men participated in the study. The participants performed …

Downhill Treadmill Running Does Not Induce Muscle Damage In Fvb Mice, Brenda Benson

Theses and Dissertations

Downhill treadmill running is a commonly used method to cause exercise-induced muscle damage, especially in rodents. Previous studies have evaluated which muscles in rats are more prone to damage. However research using downhill run mice (DHR) has shown some inconsistencies in which muscle is best analyzed for damage. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the damage in various muscles in a mouse after a single bout of DHR. Methods: Male FVB mice (5 months) were injected with Evans Blue dye (EBD) and then either used as control (CON) or run downhill (-16°) at 20 meters per minute …

Assessment Of Neutrophil Functional Activity Following Prolonged Endurance Exercise, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Kaoru Sugama, Kayo Yoshitani, Koso Shiraishi, Takashi Kometani, Shigeki Miura, Hiroshi Yoshioka, Yuichi Mori

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Neutrophils not only play an important role in host defense by migrating to the site of infection and producing reactive oxygen species (RO S), but also mediate pathological process in inflammatory tissue damage. Therefore, it is import ant not only to assess but also modulate neutrophil activities for disease prevention. We hav e reported that exhaustive exercise causes neutrophil priming (Suzuki et al. J. Appl. Physiol. , 81, 1213-1222, 1996) which might be associated wi th muscle damage (Suzuki et al. J. Appl. Physiol. , 87, 1360-1367, 1999), but antioxidant capacity is also activated following exercise (Suzuki et al. …

Assessment Of Neutrophil Functional Activity Following Prolonged Endurance Exercise, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Kaoru Sugama, Kayo Yoshitani, Koso Shiraishi, Takashi Kometani, Shigeki Miura, Hiroshi Yoshioka, Yuichi Mori

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ntroduction: Neutrophils not only play an important role in host defense by migrating to the site of infection and producing reactive oxygen species (RO S), but also mediate pathological process in inflammatory tissue damage. Therefore, it is import ant not only to assess but also modulate neutrophil activities for disease prevention. We hav e reported that exhaustive exercise causes neutrophil priming (Suzuki et al. J. Appl. Physiol. , 81, 1213-1222, 1996) which might be associated wi th muscle damage (Suzuki et al. J. Appl. Physiol. , 87, 1360-1367, 1999), but antioxidant capacity is also activated following exercise (Suzuki et al. …

Pain Assessment And Possible Mechanism Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Wing Yin Lau

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Muscle pain is felt during exercise or daily activities for several days after performing unaccustomed exercise, which is referred to as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Many people experience DOMS, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. One of the challenges in the investigation of DOMS is its subjective nature, which makes the assessment ambiguous, thus establishing a standardised protocol is necessary. The present thesis scrutinised muscle pain assessments (Study 1, Study 2), developed a new assessment of muscle pain focusing on muscle fascia (Study 3), and investigated why DOMS is reduced after the second than the first bout …

Changes In Markers Of Muscle Damage After Half-Ironman Triathlon, Marcos Bürger-Mendonça, Fernanda Coutinho Retondaro-Barbosa, Raquel Carius Da Silveira, Denisvaldo Vieira Silveira

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Triathlon is a unique endurance sport that comprises a sequential swim, swim-to cycle transition, cycle, cycle-to-run transition, and run. The aim of present was to analyze the effect of half-ironman triathlon over biochemistry parameters related of muscle damage. Six well-trained male amateurs’ triathletes who completed the 2004 half-ironman triathlon participated in the study. Blood samples from six athletes were collected before and immediately after the triathlon competition. Creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. Pre and post race values were compared by paired t-tests. Significant changes after triathlon completion were found for CK (P= 0.001) and LDH (P= …

Effect Of Varying Rest Intervals Between Sets Of Assistance Exercises On Creatine Kinase And Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses, Marco Machado, Alexander J. Koch, Jeffrey Willardson, Luis Prereira, Isabel M. Cardoso, Michela Ks Motta, Rafael Prereira, Andre N. Monteiro

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Effect of varying rest intervals between sets of assistance exercises on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase responses. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1339-1345, 2011-To examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets on serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 10 men (age = 25.6 ± 2.2 years, height = 173.1 ± 7.1 cm, and body mass = 75.9 ± 10.0 kg) participated in a randomized within-subject design that involved 4 resistance exercise sessions. Each session consisted of 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 repetition maximum loads for the chest press, pullover, biceps curl, triceps extension, …

Effect Of Varying Rest Intervals Between Sets Of Assistance Exercises On Creatine Kinase And Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses, Marco Machado, Alexander J. Koch, Jeffrey Willardson, Luis Prereira, Isabel M. Cardoso, Michela Ks Motta, Rafael Prereira, Andre N. Monteiro

Jeffrey Willardson

Effect of varying rest intervals between sets of assistance exercises on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase responses. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1339-1345, 2011-To examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets on serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 10 men (age = 25.6 ± 2.2 years, height = 173.1 ± 7.1 cm, and body mass = 75.9 ± 10.0 kg) participated in a randomized within-subject design that involved 4 resistance exercise sessions. Each session consisted of 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 repetition maximum loads for the chest press, pullover, biceps curl, triceps extension, …

Influence Of Genotype Variations On Markers Of Skeletal Muscle Recovery From Heavy Endurance Exercise, And On Responses To Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation, Qingnian Goh

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Purpose: This study examined the influence of genotype polymorphisms (specifically ACTN3 R577X, IGF-II C13790C, IGF-II G17200A, IGF2AS A1364C, IGF2AS G11711T) on markers of skeletal muscle recovery following an acute bout of heavy endurance exercise, and assessed their role in determining individual responses to carbohydrate-protein supplementation. Methods: Twelve trained male cyclists completed repeated cycling trials, each consisting of an initial session of glycogen-depleting exercise, followed four hours later by a >1 hr time-trial on a computerized cycle ergometer (VeloTron, Racermate, Inc). Subjects were randomly administered a high-carbohydrate low-protein (HCLP), or carbohydrate-only (CHO) beverage, which was consumed immediately and 2-hours post glycogen …

Effects Of Estrogen On Muscle Damage In Response To An Acute Resistance Exercise Protocol, Megan R. Wolf

Honors Scholar Theses

Creatine Kinase (CK) is used as a measure of exercise-induced muscle membrane damage. During acute eccentric (muscle lengthening) exercise, muscle sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and Z-lines are damaged, thus causing muscle proteins and enzymes to leak into the interstitial fluid.

Strenuous eccentric exercise produces an elevation of oxygen free radicals, which further increases muscle damage. Muscle soreness and fatigue can be attributed to this membrane damage. Estradiol, however, may preserve membrane stability post-exercise (Brancaccio, Maffulli, & Limongelli, 2007; Carter, Dobridge, & Hackney, 2001; Tiidus, 2001). Because estradiol has a similar structure to Vitamin E, which is known to have antioxidant properties, …

Physioacoustic Therapy: Placebo Effect On Recovery From Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Peter M. Tiidus, Roula Markoulakis, D. Murray, Pam Bryden Dr., Heidi Ahonen-Eerikäinen

Music Faculty Publications

We evaluated claims that physioacoustic therapy can enhance muscle healing following damaging exercise. Untrained subjects were randomly assigned to control (C), placebo (P) or treatment (T) groups. All groups performed 70 eccentric triceps contractions followed by; no treatment (C), sham physioacoustic treatment (P), or actual physioacoustic therapy (T) on days 1–4 post-exercise. Muscle soreness and isometric and concentric triceps peak torque were determined preexercise and on days 1–4 and 7 post-exercise. The T group received physioacoustic therapy for 30 min/day on the treatment days. The P group believed they received physioacoustic therapy, although the chairs were turned off. Peak torques …

A Light Load Eccentric Exercise Confers Protection Against A Subsequent Bout Of More Demanding Eccentric Exercise, Andrew Lavender, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs pre 2011

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Carbohydrate-Protein Supplement Timing On Acute Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, James P. White, Jacob M. Wilson, Krista G. Austin, Beau K. Greer, Noah St. John, Lynn B. Panton

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

Purpose:

To determine if timing of a supplement would have an effect on muscle damage, function and soreness.

Methods:

Twenty-seven untrained men (21 ± 3 yrs) were given a supplement before or after exercise. Subjects were randomly assigned to a pre exercise (n = 9), received carbohydrate/protein drink before exercise and placebo after, a post exercise (n = 9), received placebo before exercise and carbohydrate/protein drink after, or a control group (n = 9), received placebo before and after exercise. Subjects performed 50 eccentric quadriceps contractions on an isokinetic dynamometer. Tests for creatine kinase (CK), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and …

Effects Of High-Load Eccentric Exercise Training On Rat Soleus Muscle Myofibrillar Disruption Following One-Week Of Hindlimb Suspension Unloading And Subsequent Reloading, Rhonda Dianne Prisby

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Purpose: This investigation evaluated the effects of a high-load (50% body weight) eccentric exercise training protocol on reloading myofibrillar damage in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in rats following 7 days (d) of hindlimb suspension unloading (HSU). Methods: 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly stratified to four experimental groups; exercise + hindlimb suspension unloading (ExHSU), hindlimb suspension unloading (HSU), exercise (Ex) and control (C). The ExHSU and Ex groups underwent a high-load eccentric exercise protocol for ~2.5 weeks. Following exercise training, the ExHSU and HSU groups underwent 7 d of hindlimb suspension unloading and a subsequent 16-19 …

Five Myofibrillar Lesion Types In Eccentrically Challenged, Unloaded Rat Adductor Longus Muscle—A Test Model, Joyce L. Thompson, Edward Michael Balog, Robert H. Fitts, Danny A. Riley

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Sarcomere disruptions are observed in the adductor longus (AL) muscles following voluntary reloading of spaceflown and hindlimb suspension unloaded (HSU) rat, which resemble lesions in eccentrically challenged muscle. We devised and tested an eccentric contraction (ECCON) test system for the 14-day HSU rat AL. Six to 7 hours following ECCON, ALs were fixed to allow immunostaining and electron microscopy (EM). Toluidine blue-stained histology semithin sections were screened for lesion density (#/mm²). Serial semithin sections from the ECCON group were characterized for myosin immunointensity of lesions. Five myofibrillar lesion types were identified in histological semithin sections: focal contractions; wide …

G93-1159 Feedlot Lameness, Dee Griffin, Louis Perino, Don Hudson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the causes, treatment and prevention of lameness in feedlot cattle.

Lameness in feedlot cattle is a serious economic problem. There are many causes for lameness. It is important that the problem be diagnosed correctly and treated quickly to minimize economic losses.