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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Diploid Males And Their Triploid Offspring In The Paper Wasp Polistes Dominulus, Aviva Liebert, Annagiri Sumana, Philip Starks
Diploid Males And Their Triploid Offspring In The Paper Wasp Polistes Dominulus, Aviva Liebert, Annagiri Sumana, Philip Starks
Aviva E Liebert
Although the hymenopteran sex-determining mechanism generally results in haploid males and diploid females, diploid males can be produced via homozygosity at the sex-determining locus. Diploid males have low fitness because they are effectively sterile or produce presumably sterile triploid offspring. Previously, triploid females were observed in three species of North American Polistes paper wasps, and this was interpreted as indirect evidence of diploid males. Here we report what is, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence: four of five early male-producing Polistes dominulus nests from three populations contained diploid males. Because haploid males were also found, however, the adaptive value …
Brca1 Dna-Binding Activity Is Stimulated By Bard1, Amanda Simons, Andrew Horwitz, Lea Starita, Karen Griffin, R Williams, J.N. Glover, Jeffrey Parvin
Brca1 Dna-Binding Activity Is Stimulated By Bard1, Amanda Simons, Andrew Horwitz, Lea Starita, Karen Griffin, R Williams, J.N. Glover, Jeffrey Parvin
Amanda Simons
The breast- and ovarian-specific tumor suppressor BRCA1 has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including transcription, ubiquitination, and DNA repair. Its tumor suppression activity is tightly linked to that of BARD1, a protein that heterodimerizes with BRCA1. It has been previously shown that BRCA1 binds to DNA, an interesting functional observation in light of the genetic data linking BRCA1 to DNA repair pathways. In this work, we reexamine the DNA-binding properties of BRCA1, comparing them with the DNA-binding properties of the BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer. Because nuclear BRCA1 exists as a heterodimer with BARD1, it is likely that in vitro studies of …
Direct Dna Binding Activity Of The Fanconi Anemia D2 Protein, Woo-Hyun Park, Steven Margossian, Andrew Horwitz, Amanda Simons, Alan D'Andrea, Jeffrey Parvin
Direct Dna Binding Activity Of The Fanconi Anemia D2 Protein, Woo-Hyun Park, Steven Margossian, Andrew Horwitz, Amanda Simons, Alan D'Andrea, Jeffrey Parvin
Amanda Simons
It is known that the Fanconi anemia D2 protein is vital for protecting the genome from DNA damage, but what activities this protein has are unknown. In these experiments we purified full-length Fanconi anemia protein D2 (FANCD2), and we found that FANCD2 bound to DNA with specificity for certain structures: double strand DNA ends and Holliday junctions. Proteins containing patient-derived mutations or artificial variants of the FANCD2 protein were similarly expressed and purified, and each variant bound to the Holliday junction DNA with similar affinity as did the wild-type protein. There was no single discrete domain of FANCD2 protein that …
Fanconi Anemia Protein Fancd2 Inhibits Trf1 Polyadp-Ribosylation Through Tankyrase1-Dependent Manner, Alex Lyakhovich, Maria Ramirez, Andres Castella, Amanda Simons, Jeffrey Parvin, Jordi Suralles
Fanconi Anemia Protein Fancd2 Inhibits Trf1 Polyadp-Ribosylation Through Tankyrase1-Dependent Manner, Alex Lyakhovich, Maria Ramirez, Andres Castella, Amanda Simons, Jeffrey Parvin, Jordi Suralles
Amanda Simons
Background: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by developmental abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, and predisposition to cancer. The key FA protein FANCD2 crosstalks with members of DNA damage and repair pathways that also play a role at telomeres. Therefore, we investigated whether FANCD2 has a similar involvement at telomeres. Results: We reveal that FANCD2 may perform a novel function separate to the FANCD2/BRCA pathway. This function includes FANCD2 interaction with one of the telomere components, the PARP family member tankyrase-1. Moreover, FANCD2 inhibits tankyrase-1 activity in vitro. In turn, FANCD2 deficiency increases the polyADPribosylation of …
Transactional Skew And Assured Fitness Return Models Fail To Predict Patterns Of Cooperation In Wasps, Peter Nonacs, Aviva Liebert, Philip Starks
Transactional Skew And Assured Fitness Return Models Fail To Predict Patterns Of Cooperation In Wasps, Peter Nonacs, Aviva Liebert, Philip Starks
Aviva E Liebert
Cooperative breeders often exhibit reproductive skew, where dominant individuals reproduce more than subordinates. Two approaches derived from Hamilton’s inclusive fitness model predict when subordinate behavior is favored over living solitarily. The assured fitness return (AFR) model predicts that subordinates help when they are highly likely to gain immediate indirect fitness. Transactional skew models predict dominants and subordinates “agree” on a level of reproductive skew that induces subordinates to join groups. We show the AFR model to be a special case of transactional skew models that assumes no direct reproduction by subordinates. We use data from 11 populations of four wasp …
Identification Of Genetic Risk Associated With Prostate Cancer Using Ancestry Informative Markers, Bradford Wilson
Identification Of Genetic Risk Associated With Prostate Cancer Using Ancestry Informative Markers, Bradford Wilson
Bradford Wilson
When Should Judges Admit Or Compel Genetic Tests?, Diane Hoffmann, Karen Rothenberg
When Should Judges Admit Or Compel Genetic Tests?, Diane Hoffmann, Karen Rothenberg
Diane Hoffmann
No abstract provided.
Clustering With Exclusion Zones: Genomic Applications, Mark Segal, Yuanyuan Xiao, Fred Huffer
Clustering With Exclusion Zones: Genomic Applications, Mark Segal, Yuanyuan Xiao, Fred Huffer
Mark R Segal
Methods for formally evaluating the clustering of events in space or time, notably the scan statistic, have been richly developed and widely applied. In order to utilize the scan statistic and related approaches, it is necessary to know the extent of the spatial or temporal domains wherein the events arise. Implicit in their usage is that these domains have no “holes”—hereafter “exclusion zones”—regions in which events a priori cannot occur. However, in many contexts, this requirement is not met. When the exclusion zones are known, it is straightforward to correct the scan statistic for their occurrence by simply adjusting the …
Non-Standard Sources In A Standardized World: Responsible Practice And Ethics Of Acquiring Turtle Specimens For Scientific Use, Edgar Lehr, Russell Burke, Linda Ford, Steve Mockford, Peter Pritchard, Jose Rosado, Darrell Senneke, Bryan Stuart
Non-Standard Sources In A Standardized World: Responsible Practice And Ethics Of Acquiring Turtle Specimens For Scientific Use, Edgar Lehr, Russell Burke, Linda Ford, Steve Mockford, Peter Pritchard, Jose Rosado, Darrell Senneke, Bryan Stuart
Edgar Lehr
No abstract provided.
Genetics And Biochemistry Of Protein Glycosylation In Campylobacter Jejuni, Alexandra Merkx-Jacques, S. Vijayakumar, M. Demendi, D. Ratnayake, C. Dozois, C. Creuzenet
Genetics And Biochemistry Of Protein Glycosylation In Campylobacter Jejuni, Alexandra Merkx-Jacques, S. Vijayakumar, M. Demendi, D. Ratnayake, C. Dozois, C. Creuzenet
Alexandra Merkx-Jacques
BACKGROUND: C. jejuni produces numerous glycoproteins, including flagellins, which are important for virulence. The flagellins harbour pseudaminic acid (PA) whereas other glycoproteins harbour diacetamidobacillosamine (DAB). We are investigating the genetics and biochemistry of protein glycosylation in C. jejuni to identify the enzymes involved, and determine their activity and roles in virulence. We focused on two homologous pathways comprising each a putative dehydratase, aminotransferase and acetyltransferase, namely {Cj1293, Cj1294 and Cj1298} and {Cj1120c, Cj1121c and Cj1123c}.
METHODS: All enzymes were overexpressed and purified before monitoring their activity by capillary electrophoresis. The cj1121c and cj1294 genes were disrupted by a chloramphenicol resistance …
Molecular Genetics Of The Caenorhabditis Elegans Heterochronic Gene Lin-14, Gary Ruvkun, Victor Ambros, Alan Coulson, Robert Waterston, John Sulston, H. Horvitz
Molecular Genetics Of The Caenorhabditis Elegans Heterochronic Gene Lin-14, Gary Ruvkun, Victor Ambros, Alan Coulson, Robert Waterston, John Sulston, H. Horvitz
Victor R. Ambros
We describe a general strategy for the genetic mapping in parallel of multiple restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci. This approach allows the systematic identification for cloning of physical genetic loci within about 100 kb of any gene in Caenorhabditis elegans. We have used this strategy of parallel RFLP mapping to clone the heterochronic gene lin-14, which controls the timing and sequence of many C. elegans postembryonic developmental events. We found that of about 400 polymorphic loci in the C. elegans genome associated with the Tc1 family of repetitive elements, six are within 0.3 map unit of lin-14. The three …