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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Nonconsumptive Effects Of Crustaceans And An Echinoderm On Spat Of The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791), Maria Rosa, Mike Gilman, Sarah Anderson, Adrian Beckford, Ben Gilfond, Nicole Wright, David M. Hudson
Nonconsumptive Effects Of Crustaceans And An Echinoderm On Spat Of The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791), Maria Rosa, Mike Gilman, Sarah Anderson, Adrian Beckford, Ben Gilfond, Nicole Wright, David M. Hudson
Biology Faculty Publications
Predation by crustaceans and echinoderms is a significant driver of mortality for sessile invertebrates in near-shore marine ecosystems. As a response, shellfish growers use predator exclusion cages to grow their product. Oysters grown in these cages and clams in and under nets have been observed to exhibit thinner, brittle shells, which is not optimal for market, nor for those being grown for restoration purposes. Here, the nonconsumptive predator effects of several native and nonnative predators on shell morphology of Crassostrea virginica oyster spat. Juvenile (1–3 mm) seed oysters were exposed separately to chemical cues of five different predators and one …
Metaplasia Of Respiratory And Digestive Tissues In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica Associated With The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Deanne Roopnarine, Peter D. Roopnarine, Laurie C. Anderson, Ji Hae Hwang, Swati Patel
Metaplasia Of Respiratory And Digestive Tissues In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica Associated With The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Deanne Roopnarine, Peter D. Roopnarine, Laurie C. Anderson, Ji Hae Hwang, Swati Patel
Biology Faculty Articles
Metaplasia is a well documented and deleterious effect of crude oil components on bivalved molluscs, including oysters. This reversible transformation of one cell type to another, is a common response to petroleum-product exposure in molluscs. It has been shown experimentally in previous work that eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) exposed to petroleum products will exhibit metaplasia of digestive tissues. Here we document for the first time that wild adult oysters inhabiting coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico during and in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010) exhibited metaplasia in both ctenidia and digestive epithelia …
Differential Effects Of Bivalves On Sediment Nitrogen Cycling In A Shallow Coastal Bay, Ashley Smyth, Anna E. Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Bk Song
Differential Effects Of Bivalves On Sediment Nitrogen Cycling In A Shallow Coastal Bay, Ashley Smyth, Anna E. Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Bk Song
VIMS Articles
In coastal ecosystems, suspension-feeding bivalves can remove nitrogen though uptake and assimilation or enhanced denitrification. Bivalves may also retain nitrogen through increased mineralization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). This study investigated the effects of oyster reefs and clam aquaculture on denitrification, DNRA, and nutrient fluxes (NOx, NH4 6 +, O2). Core incubations were conducted seasonally on sediments adjacent to restored oyster reefs (Crassostrea virginica), clam aquaculture beds (Mercenaria mercenaria) which contained live clams, and bare sediments from Smith Island Bay, Virginia, USA. Denitrification was significantly higher at oyster reef sediments and clam aquaculture site than bare sediment in …
Innervation Of Gill Lateral Cells In The Bivalve Mollusc Crassostrea Virginica Affects Cellular Membrane Potential And Cilia Activity, Edward J. Catapane, Michael Nelson, Trevon Adams, Margaret A. Carroll
Innervation Of Gill Lateral Cells In The Bivalve Mollusc Crassostrea Virginica Affects Cellular Membrane Potential And Cilia Activity, Edward J. Catapane, Michael Nelson, Trevon Adams, Margaret A. Carroll
Publications and Research
Gill lateral cells of Crassostrea virginica are innervated by the branchial nerve, which contains serotonergic and dopaminergic fibers that regulate cilia beating rate. Terminal release of serotonin or dopamine results in an increase or decrease, respectively, of cilia beating rate in lateral gill cells. In this study we used the voltage sensitive fluorescent probe DiBAC4(3) to quantify changes in gill lateral cell membrane potential in response to electrical stimulation of the branchial nerve or to applications of serotonin and dopamine, and correlate these changes to cilia beating rates. Application of serotonin to gill lateral cells caused prolonged membrane depolarization, similar …
Effects Of Inter-Specific Density And Food Supply On Survivorship And Growth Of Newly Settled Benthos, Roman Zajac, Robert B. Whitlatch, Richard W. Osman
Effects Of Inter-Specific Density And Food Supply On Survivorship And Growth Of Newly Settled Benthos, Roman Zajac, Robert B. Whitlatch, Richard W. Osman
Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications
Using a laboratory model system comprised of newly settled oysters Crassostrea virginica and established fouling species (Botrylloides sp. initially, and others including Styela clava and Ciona intestinalis as the experiment progressed), we tested how differences in food supply and competitor density may affect post-settlement surivorship and growth of sessile marine invertebrates over a 44 d period. After 15 d, results were mixed but indicated that both food and density conditions affected growth and survivorship significantly, with some suggestion of high food levels ameliorating high density effects However, 44 d after settlement, oysters had reduced survivorship and growth when competitors …
Effects Of Resident Species On Recruitment Into A Community: Larval Settlement Versus Post-Settlement Mortality In The Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Roman Zajac, Richard W. Osman, Robert B. Whitlatch
Effects Of Resident Species On Recruitment Into A Community: Larval Settlement Versus Post-Settlement Mortality In The Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Roman Zajac, Richard W. Osman, Robert B. Whitlatch
Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications
Laboratory and field experiments revealed that a variety of species of common, sessile invertebrates, including barnacles, ascidians, and bryozoans, affected the settlement and post-settlement abundance of the oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). While the nature of the effects varied, most species both reduced oyster settlement by covering and removing substrate available for attachment, and increased settlement on adjacent surfaces. The solitary ascidians Ciona intestinalis (L.) and Styela clava (Herdman), were found to be predators of oyster larvae. Post-settlement survivorship and growth were also strongly affected by the presence of sessile species. In most cases the effects were negative and correlated with …