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Selection Response And Genetic Parameter Estimation For Feed Intake, Gain, And Feed Conversion, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles
Selection Response And Genetic Parameter Estimation For Feed Intake, Gain, And Feed Conversion, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Performance records of 1459 Polled Hereford cattle born from 1967 through 1979 were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters and the direct and correlated responses that were due to selection for feed conversion. Heritabilities were .24 for intake, .25 for gain, and .14 for feed conversion. The genetic correlation between average daily gain and feed conversion was -.82; correlation between average daily gain and feed intake was .42. Faster-gaining cattle have greater feed intakes and are more efficient. Feed conversion was improved by direct selection. However, it is more economically feasible for breeders to improve feed conversion by selecting for faster …
Yearling Scrotal Circumference Prediction Equation And Age Adjustment Factors For Various Breeds Of Beef Bulls, J.M. Geske, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner
Yearling Scrotal Circumference Prediction Equation And Age Adjustment Factors For Various Breeds Of Beef Bulls, J.M. Geske, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Scrotal circumference measurements and other data were collected on 4,218 Angus, Red Angus, Brangus, Charolais , Gelbvieh, Hereford, Polled Hereford, Limousine, Salers, and Simmental bulls born in the spring of 1991. All were participants in selected on-farm and central bull tests. Our objectives for the study were to develop 205-and 365-day age-adjustment factors for scrotal circumference and derive a 365-day scrotal circumference prediction equation based on adjusted 205-day scrotal circumference. We determined that a 205-day scrotal circumference of approximately 21 cm is necessary to reach 32 cm at 1 year. Age-of-dam adjustment factor for 205-day scrotal circumference is +.8 cm …
Breed And Management Comparisons And Genetic Parameters For Carcass Traits, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
Breed And Management Comparisons And Genetic Parameters For Carcass Traits, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Carcass data from 5 years of a long-term, rotational , crossbreeding project were used to calculate heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlations , and management effects and to compare breeds for marbling, ribeye area, and hot carcass weight. Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Hereford, Polled Hereford, Gelbvieh, and Simmental breeds were involved. Sixty percent of the steer calves were fed as calves and 40% as yearlings. Heritabilities were .40 for marbling, .46 for ribeye area, and .51 for carcass weight. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were high between carcass weight and ribeye area but low between marbling and the other traits. Steers fed as …
Ad Libitum Suckling By A Foster Calf In The Presence Or Absence Of The Cow's Own Calf Prolongs Postpartum Anestrus To First Ovarian Cycle, G.C. Lamb, J.M. Smith, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Ad Libitum Suckling By A Foster Calf In The Presence Or Absence Of The Cow's Own Calf Prolongs Postpartum Anestrus To First Ovarian Cycle, G.C. Lamb, J.M. Smith, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Five treatments were initiated approximately 15 days after calving: 1) calf was weaned from its dam (CW); 2) calf was present continually with its own dam (CP-O); 3) calf was present continually with its own dam but contact with the udder was restricted (CR); 4) foster calf was pre sent continually but the cow's own calf was absent (CP-F); and 5) foster calf was present continually, and the dam's own calf was present but restricted (CR+F). Cows weaned at 15 days (CW) cycled in about 2 weeks, whereas cows in the CR treatment cycled 1 week later, and cows in …
Influence Of Timing And Rate Of Gain On Puberty And Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers, J.M. Smith, G.C. Lamb, J. Ernest Minton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.C. Cochran
Influence Of Timing And Rate Of Gain On Puberty And Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers, J.M. Smith, G.C. Lamb, J. Ernest Minton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.C. Cochran
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Seventy-seven crossbred heifers (573 lb initial body weight) were developed in drylot and limit-fed a corn, sorghum silage diet predicted to produce gains of either 1 lb/day for the entire developmental period (EVENGAIN) or .25 lb/day for the first two-thirds of the period followed by 2 lb/day during the last third (LATEGAIN). Treatments began on November 15, 1993 and continued until April 25, 1994, the onset of the breeding season. Actual daily gains averaged 1.31 lb/day for EVENGAIN heifers, whereas LATEGAIN heifers averaged .55 lb/day for the first two-thirds of the feeding period and 2.5 lb daily for the last …
Pregnancy Rates In Virgin Heifers And Suckled Beef Cows After Synchronized Ovulation Using Pgf2", Norgestomet, And Gnrh, D.P. Hoffman, C.L. Krehbiel, R.M. Mckee, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, David A. Nichols
Pregnancy Rates In Virgin Heifers And Suckled Beef Cows After Synchronized Ovulation Using Pgf2", Norgestomet, And Gnrh, D.P. Hoffman, C.L. Krehbiel, R.M. Mckee, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, David A. Nichols
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One disadvantage of most estrous synchronization programs is their inability to induce cycling in prepubertal heifers and anestrous suckled beef cows. Suckled cows and virgin heifers were treated with PG F2", norgestomet, and GnRH to induce ovarian cyclicity in prepubertal heifers and anestrous suckled cows as well as to synchronize estrus in cycling females. The treatment consisted of two injections of PGF2" (day -14 and 0) plus 100 μg of GnRH and a 6 mg norgestomet implant on day -7. The implants were removed 24 h after the second injection of PGF2" (day 0). An injection of 100 μg of …
Pregnancy Rates In Mga-Prostaglandin Synchronized Heifers Bred At Estrus Or Inseminated At Fixed Times, J.M. Smith, L.R. Corah, G.C. Lamb, A.R. Spell
Pregnancy Rates In Mga-Prostaglandin Synchronized Heifers Bred At Estrus Or Inseminated At Fixed Times, J.M. Smith, L.R. Corah, G.C. Lamb, A.R. Spell
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The objective of this project was to study the effects on pregnancy rates of inseminating estrus-synchronize d heifers either at observed estrus or at a fixed time. In April, 1994, 574 yearling crossbred heifers, located on six Kansas ranches, were inseminated to achieve this objective. Her d size ranged from 38 to 293 head. The heifers were synchronized with the MGA-prostaglandin (PGF) system. Heifers were either inseminated 12 hr after the onset of estrus or, if not showing estrus, 72 hr after PGF. Pregnancy rates of 491 heifers bred on estrus averaged 56.6% (39.2 to 80.4%). Pregnancy rates for the …
Effects Of Grazing System And Stocking Rate On Cow-Calf Performance In The Flint Hills, R.C. Cochran, D.E. Johnson, K. C. Olson, David C. Hartnett, Clenton E. Owensby
Effects Of Grazing System And Stocking Rate On Cow-Calf Performance In The Flint Hills, R.C. Cochran, D.E. Johnson, K. C. Olson, David C. Hartnett, Clenton E. Owensby
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 6-year study was designed to measure the influences of stocking rate and grazing system on performance of cow-calf pairs grazing tallgrass prairie. This paper summarizes the initial 3 years. Late-season rest-rotation was compared to continuous grazing over low, moderate, and high stocking rates. No differences (P>.10) were observed in body weight of cows or calves as a result of grazing system or stocking rate. However, calf weaning weight tended (P=.20) to be greater with continuous grazing than with late season rest-rotation. Cow body condition score was unaffected (P>.10) by stocking rate or grazing system. Conception rates were …
Influence Of Increasing Proportion Of Supplemental Nitrogen From Urea On Intake And Fermentation Characteristics In Beef Steers Consuming Low-Quality, Tallgrass-Prairie Forage, H.H. Köster, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, K.K. Kreikemeier, G. St Jean, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Influence Of Increasing Proportion Of Supplemental Nitrogen From Urea On Intake And Fermentation Characteristics In Beef Steers Consuming Low-Quality, Tallgrass-Prairie Forage, H.H. Köster, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, K.K. Kreikemeier, G. St Jean, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated Angus x Hereford steers were used to determine intake and fermentation responses associated with increasing the proportion of supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) provided by urea. Steers had free access to a dormant, tallgrass-prairie forage. The supplemental DIP was provided by sodium caseinate and (or) urea , at a level that was determined previously to optimize use of a similar forage. Supplemental DIP was balanced with corn starch to provide a final supplement of 40% crude protein. Percentages of DIP from urea were: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Supplements were given intraruminally. Increasing the …
Effects Of Grazing System And Use Of A Pasture-Phase Implant On Grazing And Finishing Performance Of Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., C.T. Milton, Clenton E. Owensby
Effects Of Grazing System And Use Of A Pasture-Phase Implant On Grazing And Finishing Performance Of Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., C.T. Milton, Clenton E. Owensby
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Results are presented from the first year of a 2-year study to evaluate the effects of grazing system (intensive-early stocking or IES vs season-long grazing or SLG) with or without a pasture-phase implant (Synovex-S®) on grazing and subsequent finishing performance. Compared to a SLG system, IES resulted in faster rate of gain on pasture and more beef produced per acre, although SLG resulted in greater total pasture gain per animal. Implanting improved rate of gain and increased beef per acre, particularly for IES steers. In the feedlot, IES steers gained weight faster and more efficiently than SLG steers. However, SLG …
Wheat Middlings In High Concentrate Finishing Rations: Cattle Performance, B.S. Dalke, R.N. Jr. Sonon, D.L. Holthaus, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young
Wheat Middlings In High Concentrate Finishing Rations: Cattle Performance, B.S. Dalke, R.N. Jr. Sonon, D.L. Holthaus, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred twenty medium-framed steers were fed one of six high (90%) concentrate rations: control (0), 5, 10, or 15% pelleted wheat middlings (WM) replacing the concentrate (dry rolled corn) and 5 or 10% pelleted WM replacing the roughage (chopped alfalfa hay). Increasing WM replacement of the concentrate increased both dry matter (DM) intake and feed/gain ratio linearly, without influencing daily gain or final weight. WM replacement of the roughage decreased DM intake linearly, but it ha d no effect on daily gain, final weight, or feed efficiency . The data indicate that WM could replace only 5% of the …
Optimal Urea Level In Corn-Based Finishing Diets Containing Alfalfa As The Roughage Source, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr.
Optimal Urea Level In Corn-Based Finishing Diets Containing Alfalfa As The Roughage Source, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr.
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred medium-growth potential, crossbred yearling steers (766 lb) were used to identify the optimal level of urea in finishing diets, based on growth and carcass traits. The corn-base d diets had no urea o r contained .35, .70, 1.05, or 1.40% urea (dry matter basis) and no other supplemental protein. Alfalfa hay (10% of DM) was the roughage source and contained 16% crude protein. Feed efficiency and gain were improved by .35% urea, with little improvement from higher additions. Regression analysis indicated that the optimal level of urea for gain and feed efficiency was .5% of dietary dry matter. …
Combinations Of Ruminally Degradable And Escape Protein For Implanted Finishing Steers, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Evan C. Titgemeyer
Combinations Of Ruminally Degradable And Escape Protein For Implanted Finishing Steers, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred forty-four crossbred medium framed steers (738 lb) were used to compare urea and soybean meal as basal supplemental nitrogen sources and sources of high (blood meal:corn gluten meal; BMCG) or low (soybean meal; SBM) ruminal escape proteins as additional protein supplementation. Basal diets were formulated to contain 1 0.8% crude protein (CP) and were supplemented with either urea or SBM (.91% and 5.55% of DM, respectively). An additional 2 percentage units of CP were either provided or not provided as SBM or as a 50:50 combination (protein basis) of BMCG. Steers were implanted with Revalor-S® and fed experimental …
The Effect Of A Core Antigen Vaccine On Health And Performance Of Cattle Diagnosed With Bovine Respiratory Disease, Gerald L. Stokka, Robert T. Brandt Jr., K.K. Kreikemeier, T. Milton
The Effect Of A Core Antigen Vaccine On Health And Performance Of Cattle Diagnosed With Bovine Respiratory Disease, Gerald L. Stokka, Robert T. Brandt Jr., K.K. Kreikemeier, T. Milton
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
When studied in receiving trials at three locations, health or performance of calves receiving a core antigen vaccine was not improved.
How The Price Of Different Breeds Of Feeder Cattle Has Changed Over Time, F.K. Brazle, J.R. Mintert, J. Iii Sartwelle, R.P. Jr. Bolze, Ted C. Schroeder
How The Price Of Different Breeds Of Feeder Cattle Has Changed Over Time, F.K. Brazle, J.R. Mintert, J. Iii Sartwelle, R.P. Jr. Bolze, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Data on feeder steer characteristics, breeds, and prices were collected in 1986/87 and 1993 at Kansas and Missouri feeder cattle auctions to identify changes in buyers' preferences for various breeds. Results from models of feeder steer price/characteristics indicate that the relative value of many breeds changed over time. Relative to Hereford steers, Angus, Hereford x Angus cross, Continental cross, and low percentage Brahman steers all gained in price from 1986/87 to 1993. Longhorn Cross steers' price declined relative to Hereford steers over the same time period.
Cash Operating Income And Liquidity Management For Feeder Cattle Operations, B.D. Elliott, Michael R. Langemeier, Allen M. Featherstone
Cash Operating Income And Liquidity Management For Feeder Cattle Operations, B.D. Elliott, Michael R. Langemeier, Allen M. Featherstone
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Net cash flow measures the amount of cash remaining after all cash expense obligations are satisfied. This cash is available for additional farm investment, off-farm investment, family living, and additional debt repayment. A 5-year, average, monthly, cash-flow statement was used to determine net cash flow for 18 feeder cattle farms .Results indicate that excess cash was used primarily to invest in equipment, vehicles, and nonfarm assets. Investments in buildings increased moderately over the study period, while investment in land was minimal.
Kansas Environmental Regulations, Joseph P. Harner, L. Hess, James P. Murphy
Kansas Environmental Regulations, Joseph P. Harner, L. Hess, James P. Murphy
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) enforces two different regulation s in the state of Kansas. One set of regulation s is from the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and applies to larger operations. The other is a set of Kansas regulation s created by our state legislature for smaller operations. EPA regulations pertain to confined feeding operation s in excess of 1,000 animal units and require an EPA National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. Because an animal unit for the NPDES permit is defined as one beef animal, a feedlot with a capacity of 1,000 or …
Agronomic Performance And Silage Quality Traits Of Forage Sorghum Hybrids In 1994, M.S. Mitchem, L. Pfaff, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young
Agronomic Performance And Silage Quality Traits Of Forage Sorghum Hybrids In 1994, M.S. Mitchem, L. Pfaff, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The 1994 growing season was characterized by near norm al rainfall and temperatures. Both whole-plant DM and grain yields were excellent for all hybrid s. The middle-season Pioneer 947 hybrid had the highest grain yield. The two dual-purpose hybrids had the highest whole-plant DM yields, and the male sterile (Golden Harvest H-1) and the grain sorghum (DeKalb 42Y) had the lowest. Strong winds in the first week in September caused substantial lodging in three of the four tall middle- and late-season hybrids (DeKalb FS-5 and Golden Harvest H-2 and H-68). Two of the short height, dual purpose hybrids (Northrup King …
Relating Quality Changes To Storage Time For Baled Alfalfa, W.K. Coblentz, J.O. Fritz, K.K. Bolsen, R.C. Cochran
Relating Quality Changes To Storage Time For Baled Alfalfa, W.K. Coblentz, J.O. Fritz, K.K. Bolsen, R.C. Cochran
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The relationships between storage time and several chemical indices for forage quality were established for alfalfa hay baled at two moisture levels (29.9 and 19.7%) in conventional and laboratory bale s made at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the density o f parent, conventional bales. Bales were sampled after 0, 4, 11, 22, and 60 days. For the high-moisture bales, most quality indices indicated substantial nutrient loss early in the storage period, particularly between days 4 and 11, with little change after 22 days. A nonlinear mathematical model was constructed to describe how neutral detergent fiber and several other quality …
Changes In Nutrient Content Of Rye, Triticale, And Wheat Whole-Plant Forages With Maturity, K.L. Hanson, R.S. Schalles, L.H. Harbers, Curtis R. Thompson
Changes In Nutrient Content Of Rye, Triticale, And Wheat Whole-Plant Forages With Maturity, K.L. Hanson, R.S. Schalles, L.H. Harbers, Curtis R. Thompson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We compared upland and bottomland cereals seeded during 1991 at the KSU Agricultural Research Center - Hays. The five crops (three varieties of triticale, a winter wheat, and a winter rye) were harvested as whole plants during the latter part of the growing season. Crude protein (CP), ac id detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were estimated using near infrared spectroscopy. Compute r models were developed to describe nutrient changes. Crude protein content decreased whereas the two fiber components increased with maturity. Rye and wheat tended to have lower CP values when day 125 was used as the …
Process Intervention To Assure Sanitation Of Beef Carcasses And Cuts, R.K. Prasai, P.B. Kenney, C.M. García Zepeda, L.E. Mease, L.R. Vogt, B.L. Willard, Donald H. Kropf, Randall K. Phebus, R.E. Campbell, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle
Process Intervention To Assure Sanitation Of Beef Carcasses And Cuts, R.K. Prasai, P.B. Kenney, C.M. García Zepeda, L.E. Mease, L.R. Vogt, B.L. Willard, Donald H. Kropf, Randall K. Phebus, R.E. Campbell, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The meat industry and Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) strive to minimize carcass contamination during slaughter and subsequent processing. Because microbial contamination during slaughter cannot be avoided completely, decontamination methods must be addressed. This overview emphasizes process intervention studies conducted at Kansas State University to determine the most effective intervention points and technologies to control microbiological hazards in meat and meat products. Our research shows that trimming of gross contamination followed by washing is a reasonable approach to minimizing microbial contamination on beef carcasses. We also found that sanitation of subprimal cuts may be just as effective as treating …
Display Life And Internal Cooked Color Of Ground Beef From Vitamin E-Supplemented Cattle, C.L. Lavelle, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf
Display Life And Internal Cooked Color Of Ground Beef From Vitamin E-Supplemented Cattle, C.L. Lavelle, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Retail display life of ground beef and internal color of patties cooked to four endpoint temperatures (131, 149, 160, and 17 1EF) were determined for ground beef (9% fat) from vitamin E-supplemented (500 and 2000 IU per day) steers. Visual scores indicated that the display time required for the 500 and 2000 vitamin E samples to reach an objectionable reddish-brown/brown color was increased by 12 and 32 hours, respectively, as compared with the 0 vitamin E samples. Patties did not differ in internal cooked color regardless of vitamin E level. Vitamin E was effective in increasing retail display color stability …
Relationships Between Weaning Weight, Maternal Weaning Weight, And Milk Production In Polled Hereford Cattle, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles
Relationships Between Weaning Weight, Maternal Weaning Weight, And Milk Production In Polled Hereford Cattle, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Performance data from a Polled Hereford herd selected for improved feed conversion were used to calculate a variety of genetic parameters. Heritabilities were .14 for weaning wt, .18 for maternal weaning wt., and .19 for milk production. The genetic correlations were -.10 between weaning weight and maternal weaning weight and 0 between weaning weight and milk production. However, the genetic correlation between maternal weaning weight and milk was . 99, indicating they are essentially the same trait. Milk EPDs published by most breed associations are calculate d as the maternal weaning weight. Our study strongly supports this method of estimating …
The Effect Of Implants On Gain Of Heifers Grazing Native Grass, F.K. Brazle, D.L. Cook
The Effect Of Implants On Gain Of Heifers Grazing Native Grass, F.K. Brazle, D.L. Cook
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three hundred-ninety crossbred heifers were allotted randomly to one of three implant treatments: 1) Implus- H®, 2) Synovex-H®, and 3) Ralgro®. The heifers grazed native grass pastures for 122 days, stocked at 4 acres per head. The heifers receiving the Implus-H tended to gain faster (P<.12) than the Ralgro heifers. No difference in gain occurred between the Implus-H and Synovex-H heifers.
Wheat Middlings In High Concentrate Rations: Digestibility And Ruminal Metabolism, B.S. Dalke, K.K. Bolsen, R.N. Jr. Sonon, Matthew A. Young
Wheat Middlings In High Concentrate Rations: Digestibility And Ruminal Metabolism, B.S. Dalke, K.K. Bolsen, R.N. Jr. Sonon, Matthew A. Young
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Six medium-framed steers, fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design and fed the following six high concentrat e (90%) rations: control; 5, 10, or 15% pelleted wheat middlings (WM) replacing the concentrate (dry rolled corn); and 5 or 10% pelleted WM replacing the roughage (chopped alfalfa hay). Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and starch digestibilities decreased linearly when increasing levels of WM replaced the concentrate , but replacing the roughage increased DM and OM digestibilities linearly. WM could replace only up to 5 % of the concentrate without reducing nutrient digestibilities, but …
Factors Affecting Premature Browning In Cooked Ground Beef, Melvin C. Hunt, K.E. Warren, Donald H. Kropf, M.A. Hague, C.L. Waldner, Sally L. Stroda, Curtis L. Kastner
Factors Affecting Premature Browning In Cooked Ground Beef, Melvin C. Hunt, K.E. Warren, Donald H. Kropf, M.A. Hague, C.L. Waldner, Sally L. Stroda, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Some ground beef patties developed an internal, brown cooked color and looked well-done at temperatures as low as 13 1EF, whereas normal patties were re d to pink. The premature brown color was not relate d to percent fat; patty compaction; animal source and maturity; pH (5.5 to 5.8); or concentrations of raw patty heme and nonhemeiron, myoglobin, and total pigment. Because oxidation-reduction potential and total reducing activities were higher (P<.05) and TBA numbers were lower (P<.05) in normal than prematurely brown patties, the brown color is apparently related to greater patty oxidation.
Combinations Of Nonprotein Nitrogen And Natural Protein Affect Performance Of Finishing Steers Fed Flaked Corn Diets, B.J. Healy, Robert T. Brandt Jr., T.P. Eck
Combinations Of Nonprotein Nitrogen And Natural Protein Affect Performance Of Finishing Steers Fed Flaked Corn Diets, B.J. Healy, Robert T. Brandt Jr., T.P. Eck
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two hundred crossbred steers (7 85 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of the relative proportion of supplemental nitrogen derived from soybean meal (SBM) and urea. Treatments included an unsupplemented negative control and four 13% CP diets containing SBM:urea proportions (nitrogen basis) of 100:0, 67:33, 33: 67, and 0:100. Steers fed the control diets gained 38% slower (P<.01); ate 4% less feed (P<.10); were 33% less efficient (P<.01); and had lighter carcasses (P<.01) with less backfat (P<.01), less kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH; P<.12), less ribeye area (REA; P<.11) , and less marbling (P<.01) than nitrogen-supplemented steers. Among steers fed supplemented diets, feed intake increased linearly as proportion of SBM increased (P<.01) . Daily gain (P<.05) and feed:gain (P<.05) responded quadratically and was best for steers fed combinations of the nitrogen sources. Similarly, hot carcass weights and backfat thickness were greater (P<.06) for steers fed the mixed supplements. There was a tendency for a linear increase in KPH as proportion of urea in the diet was increased (P<.14). Yield grade, ribeye area, and marbling were unaffected by SBM:urea proportions. In high-concentrate finishing diets, at least some of the supplemental nitrogen should be derived from a natural, degradable-protein source.
Losses From Top Spoilage In Horizontal Silos, D.L. Holthaus, B.E. Brent, L. Pfaff, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young
Losses From Top Spoilage In Horizontal Silos, D.L. Holthaus, B.E. Brent, L. Pfaff, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The top 3 ft of silage from 127 horizontal silos was sampled at three locations across the width of the silo during a 4-year period (1990 through 1993). Ninety-six percent of the silages were either corn or forage sorghum, and only 18 percent of the silos were sealed with polyethylene sheeting . Losses of organic matter (OM) from spoilage were estimated by using ash content as an internal marker. Sealing silos dramatically reduced the estimated spoilage losses in the top 3 ft. All silages had greater estimated spoilage losses in the top 18 inches in 1991 and 1993 than 1990 …
Premature Browning In Cooked Ground Beef After Modifying Myoglobin, Melvin C. Hunt, K.E. Warren, Donald H. Kropf, M.A. Hague, C.L. Waldner, Sally L. Stroda, Curtis L. Kastner
Premature Browning In Cooked Ground Beef After Modifying Myoglobin, Melvin C. Hunt, K.E. Warren, Donald H. Kropf, M.A. Hague, C.L. Waldner, Sally L. Stroda, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Some ground beef patties developed an internal, brown cooked color and looked well-done at temperatures as low as 131 ÌŠF, whereas normal patties were re d to pink. The premature brown color was not relate d to percent fat; patty compaction; animal source and maturity; pH (5.5 to 5.8); or concentrations of raw patty heme and nonhemeiron, myoglobin, and total pigment. Because oxidation-reduction potential and total reducing activities were higher (P<.05) and TBA numbers were lower (P<.05) in normal than prematurely brown patties, the brown color is apparently related to greater patty oxidation.
The Effect Of Dietary Zinc Level And Source On Yearling Bull Growth And Fertility, J.D. Arthington, K.R. Johnson, L.R. Corah, C.L. Willms, D.A. Hill
The Effect Of Dietary Zinc Level And Source On Yearling Bull Growth And Fertility, J.D. Arthington, K.R. Johnson, L.R. Corah, C.L. Willms, D.A. Hill
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
To study the effect of dietary zinc level and source on bull growth and fertility, 325 yearling Angus bulls were allotted by weight into six pens (three pens of heavy and three pens of lightweight bulls). The three supplemental zinc (Zn) treatments were 1) 40 ppm inorganic Zn all supplied by Zn sulfate (ZnI); 2) 40 ppm Zn with 1/3 supplied by Zn proteinate and 2/3 supplied by Zn sulfate (ZnPI); and 3) 60 ppm ZnI all supplied by Zn sulfate (ZnHi). Initial and final liver biopsies (10 per pen) were collected and analyzed for zinc concentration. Individual weights and …