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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Nutrient Addition Dramatically Accelerates Microbial Community Succession, Joseph E. Knelman, Steven K. Schmidt, Ryan C. Lynch, John L. Darcy, Sarah C. Castle, Cory C. Cleveland, Diana R. Nemergut
Nutrient Addition Dramatically Accelerates Microbial Community Succession, Joseph E. Knelman, Steven K. Schmidt, Ryan C. Lynch, John L. Darcy, Sarah C. Castle, Cory C. Cleveland, Diana R. Nemergut
Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications
The ecological mechanisms driving community succession are widely debated, particularly for microorganisms. While successional soil microbial communities are known to undergo predictable changes in structure concomitant with shifts in a variety of edaphic properties, the causal mechanisms underlying these patterns are poorly understood. Thus, to specifically isolate how nutrients – important drivers of plant succession – affect soil microbial succession, we established a full factorial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization plot experiment in recently deglaciated (~3 years since exposure), unvegetated soils of the Puca Glacier forefield in Southeastern Peru. We evaluated soil properties and examined bacterial community composition in …
Modeling And Monitoring Terrestrial Primary Production In A Changing Global Environment: Toward A Multiscale Synthesis Of Observation And Simulation, Shufen Pan, Hanqin Tian, Shree R. S. Dangal, Zhiyun Ouyang, Bo Tao, Wei Ren, Chaoqun Lu, Steven W. Running
Modeling And Monitoring Terrestrial Primary Production In A Changing Global Environment: Toward A Multiscale Synthesis Of Observation And Simulation, Shufen Pan, Hanqin Tian, Shree R. S. Dangal, Zhiyun Ouyang, Bo Tao, Wei Ren, Chaoqun Lu, Steven W. Running
Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications
There is a critical need to monitor and predict terrestrial primary production, the key indicator of ecosystem functioning, in a changing global environment. Here we provide a brief review of three major approaches to monitoring and predicting terrestrial primary production: (1) ground-based field measurements, (2) satellite-based observations, and (3) process-based ecosystem modelling. Much uncertainty exists in the multi-approach estimations of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP). To improve the capacity of model simulation and prediction, it is essential to evaluate ecosystem models against ground and satellite-based measurements and observations. As a case, we have shown the …
Ecological Processes Dominate The 13C Land Disequilibrium In A Rocky Mountain Subalpine Forest, D. R. Bowling, Ashley P. Ballantyne, J. B. Miller, S. P. Burns, T. J. Conway, O. Menzer, B. B. Stephens, B. H. Vaughn
Ecological Processes Dominate The 13C Land Disequilibrium In A Rocky Mountain Subalpine Forest, D. R. Bowling, Ashley P. Ballantyne, J. B. Miller, S. P. Burns, T. J. Conway, O. Menzer, B. B. Stephens, B. H. Vaughn
Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications
Fossil fuel combustion has increased atmospheric CO2 by ≈ 115 µmol mol−1 since 1750 and decreased its carbon isotope composition (δ13C) by 1.7–2‰ (the 13C Suess effect). Because carbon is stored in the terrestrial biosphere for decades and longer, the δ13C of CO2released by terrestrial ecosystems is expected to differ from the δ13C of CO2 assimilated by land plants during photosynthesis. This isotopic difference between land-atmosphere respiration (δR) and photosynthetic assimilation (δA) fluxes gives rise to the 13C land disequilibrium …
Exposure Of U.S. National Parks To Land Use And Climate Change 1900-2100, Andrew J. Hansen, Cory Davis, Jessica Haas, David M. Theobald, John E. Gross, William B. Monahan, Tom Olliff, Steven W. Running
Exposure Of U.S. National Parks To Land Use And Climate Change 1900-2100, Andrew J. Hansen, Cory Davis, Jessica Haas, David M. Theobald, John E. Gross, William B. Monahan, Tom Olliff, Steven W. Running
Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications
Many protected areas may not be adequately safeguarding biodiversity from human activities on surrounding lands and global change. The magnitude of such change agents and the sensitivity of ecosystems to these agents vary among protected areas. Thus, there is a need to assess vulnerability across networks of protected areas to determine those most at risk and to lay the basis for developing effective adaptation strategies. We conducted an assessment of exposure of U.S. National Parks to climate and land use change and consequences for vegetation communities. We first defined park protected-area centered ecosystems (PACEs) based on ecological principles. We then …
Comparison Of Gross Primary Productivity Derived From Gimms Ndvi3g, Gimms, And Modis In Southeast Asia, Junbang Wang, Jingwei Dong, Jiyuan Liu, Mei Huang, Guicai Li, Steven W. Running, William Kolby Smith, Warwick Harris, Nobuko Saigusa, Hiroaki Kondo, Yunfen Liu, Takashi Hirano, Xiangming Xiao
Comparison Of Gross Primary Productivity Derived From Gimms Ndvi3g, Gimms, And Modis In Southeast Asia, Junbang Wang, Jingwei Dong, Jiyuan Liu, Mei Huang, Guicai Li, Steven W. Running, William Kolby Smith, Warwick Harris, Nobuko Saigusa, Hiroaki Kondo, Yunfen Liu, Takashi Hirano, Xiangming Xiao
Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications
Gross primary production (GPP) plays an important role in the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. It is particularly important to monitor GPP in Southeast Asia because of increasing rates of tropical forest degradation and deforestation in the region in recent decades. The newly available, improved, third generation Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g) from the Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) group provides a long temporal dataset, from July 1981 to December 2011, for terrestrial carbon cycle and climate response research. However, GIMMS NDVI3g-based GPP estimates are not yet available. We applied the GLOPEM-CEVSA …
Assessing Nutrient Limitation In Complex Forested Ecosystems : Alternatives To Large-Scale Fertilization Experiments, Benjamin W. Sullivan, Silvia Alvarez-Clare, Sarah C. Castle, Stephen Porder, Sasha C. Reed, Laura Schreeg, Cory C. Cleveland, Alan R. Townsend
Assessing Nutrient Limitation In Complex Forested Ecosystems : Alternatives To Large-Scale Fertilization Experiments, Benjamin W. Sullivan, Silvia Alvarez-Clare, Sarah C. Castle, Stephen Porder, Sasha C. Reed, Laura Schreeg, Cory C. Cleveland, Alan R. Townsend
Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications
Quantifying nutrient limitation of primary productivity is a fundamental task of terrestrial ecosystem ecology, but in a high carbon dioxide environment it is even more critical that we understand potential nutrient constraints on plant growth. Ecologists often manipulate nutrients with fertilizer to assess nutrient limitation, yet for a variety of reasons, nutrient fertilization experiments are either impractical or incapable of resolving ecosystem responses to some global changes. The challenges of conducting large, in situ fertilization experiments are magnified in forests, especially the high-diversity forests common throughout the lowland tropics. A number of methods, including fertilization experiments, could be seen as …
Snowshoe Hares Display Limited Phenotypic Plasticity To Mismatch In Seasonal Camouflage, Marketa Zimova, L. Scott Mills, Paul M. Lukacs, Michael S. Mitchell
Snowshoe Hares Display Limited Phenotypic Plasticity To Mismatch In Seasonal Camouflage, Marketa Zimova, L. Scott Mills, Paul M. Lukacs, Michael S. Mitchell
Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications
As duration of snow cover decreases owing to climate change, species undergoing seasonal colour moults can become colour mismatched with their background. The immediate adaptive solution to this mismatch is phenotypic plasticity, either in phenology of seasonal colour moults or in behaviours that reduce mismatch or its consequences. We observed nearly 200 snowshoe hares across a wide range of snow conditions and two study sites in Montana, USA, and found minimal plasticity in response to mismatch between coat colour and background. We found that moult phenology varied between study sites, likely due to differences in photoperiod and climate, but was …
Agricultural Conversion Without External Water And Nutrient Inputs Reduces Terrestrial Vegetation Productivity, William Kolby Smith, Cory C. Cleveland, Sasha C. Reed, Steven W. Running
Agricultural Conversion Without External Water And Nutrient Inputs Reduces Terrestrial Vegetation Productivity, William Kolby Smith, Cory C. Cleveland, Sasha C. Reed, Steven W. Running
Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications
Driven by global population and standard of living increases, humanity co-opts a growing share of the planet's natural resources resulting in many well-known environmental trade-offs. In this study, we explored the impact of agriculture on a resource fundamental to life on Earth: terrestrial vegetation growth (net primary production; NPP). We demonstrate that agricultural conversion has reduced terrestrial NPP by ~7.0%. Increases in NPP due to agricultural conversion were observed only in areas receiving external inputs (i.e., irrigation and/or fertilization). NPP reductions were found for ~88% of agricultural lands, with the largest reductions observed in areas formerly occupied by tropical forests …
Management For Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak Suppression: Does Relevant Science Support Current Policy?, Diana Six, Eric Biber, Elisabeth Long
Management For Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak Suppression: Does Relevant Science Support Current Policy?, Diana Six, Eric Biber, Elisabeth Long
Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications
While the use of timber harvests is generally accepted as an effective approach to controlling bark beetles during outbreaks, in reality there has been a dearth of monitoring to assess outcomes, and failures are often not reported. Additionally, few studies have focused on how these treatments affect forest structure and function over the long term, or our forests’ ability to adapt to climate change. Despite this, there is a widespread belief in the policy arena that timber harvesting is an effective and necessary tool to address beetle infestations. That belief has led to numerous proposals for, and enactment of, significant …