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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Discrimination And Aggregative Patterns Among And Between Populations Of Entamoeba Spp., Katelyn M. Higgins
Discrimination And Aggregative Patterns Among And Between Populations Of Entamoeba Spp., Katelyn M. Higgins
Honors Theses
Kin recognition facilitates the evolution of cooperation in animals, but its relevance in microorganisms and their behavior toward relatives remains unclear. The Entamoeba lineage constitutes an ideal model to determine the behavioral and signaling cues needed for aggregative preference. Chemical cues have been reported for E. histolytica but not E. dispar, suggesting cell-communication between con-specifics and behavioral differences with relevance for disease. Entamoeba varieties have been reported as ‘morphologically undistinguishable’. Two strains of E. invadens have been isolated from different hosts (VK-1: NS - Varanus komodoensis and IP1- serpentes) but were classified within the same ‘species’. Trophozoites …
Co-Crystallization And Polymorphism Of Naturally Occurring Peptide Derivatives, Kevin Crowley
Co-Crystallization And Polymorphism Of Naturally Occurring Peptide Derivatives, Kevin Crowley
Honors Theses
Carnosine is a dipeptide compound that is found in many dietary supplements and food products. Carnosine has many functions in the body, such as alleviating oxidative stress on tissues by acting as an antioxidant compound. Carnosine, therefore, has important anti-aging properties. Carnosine is also capable of forming protective sequestration structures around heavy metal ions; this process of chelating metals ions in solutions is very beneficial for maintaining the well-being of cells in the body. Thus, carnosine could be useful in pharmaceutical products for creating anti-aging drugs that would reduce tissue stress and promote a healthy cellular environment. I attempted to …
Lesson Not Learned: Deepwater Horizon Research And Media Coverage Exposes Gaps In Knowledge And Risky Protocol Within The Oil Industry, Lauren Haller
Lesson Not Learned: Deepwater Horizon Research And Media Coverage Exposes Gaps In Knowledge And Risky Protocol Within The Oil Industry, Lauren Haller
Honors Theses
An insatiable thirst for oil has led poorly coordinated, risk-prone megasystems deeper into the ocean in search of new oil reserves. Profit-driven agendas at the corporate level have a top-down effect within these megasystems. Cost-cutting and risk-downplaying leaves the field employees unprepared to handle emergencies. A series of costly mistakes led to the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which caused extensive damage to an already fragile ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico. The wealth and political influence of the oil industry overpowers lax regulatory agencies and legislation-even though media and research has exposed frustrating parallels between the Deepwater Horizon …
The Involvement Of 26s Proteasome Complex In Selenium Toxicity, Melissa Sabbagh
The Involvement Of 26s Proteasome Complex In Selenium Toxicity, Melissa Sabbagh
Honors Theses
Plants that hyperaccumulate elements like selenium to potentially toxic levels may use proteasome complexes to reduce toxicity. The 26S proteasome complex may be a pathway that these plants take to rid themselves of selenium toxicity by destroying damaged proteins caused by selenium. A method to test this hypothesis is to use a hyperaccumulator of selenium Stanleya pinnata and nonhyperaccumulators Populous tremula and Arabdopsis thaliana to evaluate their proteasome abundance without and with selenium. To compare these species western blots were made to show the differences in proteasome abundance. Also to compare the amount of oxidized and an ubiquinated protein in …
Selectivity Of Prey Capture Based On Prey Size In The Venus Fly Trap (Dionaea Muscipula Ellis), Jessica Humenik
Selectivity Of Prey Capture Based On Prey Size In The Venus Fly Trap (Dionaea Muscipula Ellis), Jessica Humenik
Honors Theses
Venus fly traps (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) are carnivorous plants that live in nutrient poor soils and must digest insects to supplement their diets. When a Venus fly trap captures an insect, the plant's traps do not fully close for several minutes, which may allow small prey to escape. It would be beneficial for the plant to consume a large, nutrient-rich prey item as opposed to a small prey item. We tested the hypothesis that Venus fly traps select larger prey by offering plants small and large crickets. A Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to test significance …
Influence Of Spring Nitrogen Rates On Wheat Yield And Quality In Northeast Texas, Carlee Archer
Influence Of Spring Nitrogen Rates On Wheat Yield And Quality In Northeast Texas, Carlee Archer
Honors Theses
No abstract provided.
Farmers Motivations To Practice Sustainable Agriculture, Kimberly A. Floeser
Farmers Motivations To Practice Sustainable Agriculture, Kimberly A. Floeser
Honors Theses
An increasing awareness of human and environmental health issues and the destruction of family farms and rural communities have caused a significant change in the way many farmers, consumers, and policy‐makers are thinking about and relating to food, the results of which can be seen largely in the growth of the organic and sustainable food industry. This paper attempts to examine and explain farmers’ attitudes towards sustainable agriculture, and their motivations to use sustainable methods of production. A survey was distributed to 533 farms that are members of the Northeast Organic Food Association of New York (NOFA‐NY). The data obtained …
Fsh Treated Cells And The Effects On Cell Signaling, Brian H. Goldman
Fsh Treated Cells And The Effects On Cell Signaling, Brian H. Goldman
Honors Theses
The endocrine system is essential to the management of homeostasis (source 1). The endocrine system is such an integral part of human survival and homeostasis because it involves almost every cell, tissue, and organ within the body. The endocrine system functions by the secretion of chemical signals, referred to as hormones, by a collection of cells called glands. These hormones are passed through the blood stream to reach their target, which possesses a receptor specific to a given hormone. These endocrine glands are not to be confused with exocrine glands, which secretes chemical signals through a gland’s duct opening to …
Electrophysiological Indices Of Aesthetically Stimulated Processes In Art-Experienced Individuals As Compared To Art-Naïve Individuals, Katharine E. Hartnack
Electrophysiological Indices Of Aesthetically Stimulated Processes In Art-Experienced Individuals As Compared To Art-Naïve Individuals, Katharine E. Hartnack
Honors Theses
Aesthetic judgment processes were investigated in art-experienced and art-naïve individuals. Previous electrophysiological data suggest that aesthetic judgment is a two-stage process (Hofel & Jacobson, 2007). The first stage of aesthetic judgment is impression formation which is not spontaneous, and is reflected by an early Event Related Potential (ERP) frontocentral deflection. The second stage reflected by a lateralized late ERP positivity, evaluative categorization is also not spontaneous. Participants in the current study were instructed to either simply view black and white geometric patterns or were instructed to contemplate the beauty of the patterns. Results suggest that aesthetically stimulated processes differ between …
The Neuropsychological Effects Of Combined Physical And Mental Exercise In Schizophrenia, Maggie M. Manning
The Neuropsychological Effects Of Combined Physical And Mental Exercise In Schizophrenia, Maggie M. Manning
Honors Theses
People suffering from severe mental disorders encounter many debilitating side effects. Those diagnosed with schizophrenia face a large number of challenges each day. Not only must they endure symptoms, like hallucinations and delusions, commonly associated with the illness, but their higher-level cognitive functioning is further impaired in numerous ways. People with schizophrenia, suffering from thought disorder, battle with a pattern of disorganized thinking in which seemingly simple tasks, i.e attention and memory, are difficult. Negative symptoms include the inability to establish social relationships, and hinder their everyday experiences, including work. Their extremely sedentary lifestyle also negatively impacts engagement in other …
Elucidating A Role For Hoxd13 During Gut Development In The Chick And Skate, Elizabeth R. Ackley
Elucidating A Role For Hoxd13 During Gut Development In The Chick And Skate, Elizabeth R. Ackley
Honors Theses
The Hox genes are a family of highly conserved transcription factors that are critical during embryonic development. Although the function of Hox genes is to pattern the embryo from head to tail, the mechanism by which Hox genes do this is unknown. Elucidating the mechanism for Hox gene function can provide insights into how morphologies are formed in a variety of organisms. I am investigating the role of Hoxd13 in patterning the colon in the developing chick. We virally misexpressed the chick ortholog, cHoxd13, in the midgut mesoderm of the chick to validate that transformation to hindgut morphology would occur. …
Old Father Hudson: The Three Stages Of Environmental Activism In The Hudson River Valley, Gregory P. Cannillo
Old Father Hudson: The Three Stages Of Environmental Activism In The Hudson River Valley, Gregory P. Cannillo
Honors Theses
Consequences of development have threatened the health of the Hudson River for decades. These have included the prospect of destroying scenic value of the Hudson River Valley with the a hydroelectric power plant on Storm King Mountain, as well as the pollution of the river itself by a variety of industrial sources. Since the 1960s, a long lineage of environmental activism in the Hudson River Valley has emerged to address those issues. The example of the Hudson River supplies an excellent case study of how environmental issues began to be addressed in the later half of the 20th century. I …
The Tradeoff Between Polyuronic Acid Content And Photosynthesis Rates In Sphagnum, Michael J. Danise
The Tradeoff Between Polyuronic Acid Content And Photosynthesis Rates In Sphagnum, Michael J. Danise
Honors Theses
Sphagnum mosses often dominate peatland ecosystems. Because of the low availability of nutrients in these environments, Sphagnum mosses have developed a cation exchange system within their cell walls to take up nutrients using polyuronic acids (PUA). Increasing amounts of PUA may come at a physiological tradeoff and cause decreasing photosynthetic rates. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess variation in polyuronic acid content and structure by analyzing component monomers from three different Sphagnum species representative of different microhabitats, 2) to investigate how this variation affects the cation exchange capacity of the peat moss species, and 3) to evaluate …
Hemispheric Specialization For Musical Structure Processing: A Dichotic Listening Study, Deirdre M. Finnegan
Hemispheric Specialization For Musical Structure Processing: A Dichotic Listening Study, Deirdre M. Finnegan
Honors Theses
In a dichotic listening study using a musical priming paradigm Hoch and Tillman (2010) found a left-ear advantage for the tonal function effect on spoken syllable identification, suggesting a right-hemispheric specialization for musical structure processing. A pilot study was performed using healthy right-handed non-musician participants to investigate the possible moderating effects of the Hoch and Tillman (2010) findings caused by alternating response hand as well as response key orientation. Several interactions were found which indicated that response hand and response key orientation moderated task performance. Modulations appeared to be due to a Coherence between response hand and response key orientation, …
Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Resides In Detergent Resistant Membrane Microdomains, Johanna Geoghegan
Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Resides In Detergent Resistant Membrane Microdomains, Johanna Geoghegan
Honors Theses
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is an anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormone crucial for proper spermatogenesis in males and oocyte development in females. The follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a G-protein coupled receptor found exclusively on the membranes of Sertoli cells in the testes and granulosa cells in the ovaries. It has been proposed that FSHR localizes to detergent resistant portions of the membranes called lipid rafts, which are membrane microdomains that contain a high percent composition of cholesterol and sphingolipids. To determine if FSHR resides in these membrane microdomains, strong detergents were used to extract and isolate detergent resistant membranes. …
Metacaspase Gene Function In The Mushroom Fungus Schizophyllum Commune, Matthew P. Hanley
Metacaspase Gene Function In The Mushroom Fungus Schizophyllum Commune, Matthew P. Hanley
Honors Theses
The overall goal of this project was to investigate the biological role of a putative metacaspase gene present in the mushroom fungus Schizophyllum commune. For this study, we have utilized a strain of S. commune that is unable to integrate DNA via the non-homologous end joining pathway. This forces transforming DNA to integrate homologously, as is required for the purposes of gene knockout. The gene Scp1 encodes a likely member of the metacaspase protein family, which are suspected to have activity similar to caspases, the latter crucial to programmed cell death. A knockout construct containing a non-functional version of Scp1 …
Sustainable Food: New York Organic Dairy Market Conditions And Recommendations For Policy Reform, Dylan H. Hawkins
Sustainable Food: New York Organic Dairy Market Conditions And Recommendations For Policy Reform, Dylan H. Hawkins
Honors Theses
This paper questions the sustainability of the American dairy industry through an examination of the current organic milk industry of New York State, with special attention paid to three interests: consumer welfare, farmer welfare, and the environment. Many consumers envision an agrarian ideal of grazing cows on pasture when they think of a dairy farm; milk-marketing companies often perpetuate this image. Unfortunately, most dairy cows in America do not enjoy such idyllic lives. History shows that consolidation of the American food system has led to major transformations in dairy farming. As a result, consumers have had limited access to high …
Discerning Prey From Predator In Dragonflies, Melanie Lolier
Discerning Prey From Predator In Dragonflies, Melanie Lolier
Honors Theses
The dragonfly is a visual predator that feeds on small flying insects. Because of their high rate of hunting success, dragonflies must have the ability to efficiently discern prey and predator from natural surroundings. In this study, we investigated the extent to which visual flight-control neurons in dragonflies are able to differentiate stimuli that simulate prey items from those that simulate predators. To do this, we presented fourteen sets of rectangular stimuli varying in height, width, speed, and moved in four directions while recording extracellular neuronal responses from the ventral nerve cord. Each of the rectangular stimulus patterns was moved …
Investigation Of The Temporal Characteristics Of Absolute Pitch And Relative Pitch Using Eeg, Caitlin E. Miner
Investigation Of The Temporal Characteristics Of Absolute Pitch And Relative Pitch Using Eeg, Caitlin E. Miner
Honors Theses
Itoh, Suwazono, Arao, Miyazaki, and Nakada, (2005) compared relative pitch (RP), with absolute pitch (AP) and found a left posterior-temporal negative Event Related Potential (ERP) at 150ms for pitch listening and pitch naming in AP. The present study tested if AP is due to pitch expertise that is not present in RP by comparing pitch naming with instrument naming. Recordings were performed during instrument naming, instrument listening, pitch naming, and pitch listening tasks. At a negatively deflected ERP (156-228ms) a three-way interaction was found, such that voltage differed between instrument listening and instrument naming tasks, but not between pitch listening …
From Gene To Behavior: Investigation Of Ppt1 And Ppt2 Rnai Induced Knock-Down During Drosophila Neurogenesis, Patrick J. O'Hern
From Gene To Behavior: Investigation Of Ppt1 And Ppt2 Rnai Induced Knock-Down During Drosophila Neurogenesis, Patrick J. O'Hern
Honors Theses
Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (INCL) is caused by a mutation of the gene CLN1, which encodes palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). PPT1 is a lysosomal enzyme that cleaves the thioester bond connecting long chain fatty acids of palmitoylated proteins. Without PPT1, palmitoylated proteins are not degraded properly and this causes unwanted build up in neurons leading to fatality. Recently, it has been thought that a mutation in a similar enzyme, palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 2 (PPT2), another lysosomal hydrolase, may also be responsible for INCL by causing a similar effect of Ppt1 deficiency. A bioinformatics analysis in this study showed similarities between …
Evidence Of A Rudimentary Colon In Leucoraja Erinacea, Alyssa M. Simeone
Evidence Of A Rudimentary Colon In Leucoraja Erinacea, Alyssa M. Simeone
Honors Theses
During the transition of animals from water onto land, the colon is believed to have evolved as an essential water-absorbing organ in terrestrial vertebrates to prevent desiccation. The class Chondrichthyes, comprised of sharks, rays, and skates, are isotonic to their marine environment, and thus do not require a functional colon. The Chondrichthyes are an excellent organism for developmental and physiological studies in evolutionary context because they have undergone little evolutionary change since their appearance 450 million years ago. Previous histochemical studies demonstrate potential water absorbing properties in the digestive tract of the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea (Theodosiou et al., 2007). …
Color Vision And Color Discrimination In Anolis Sagrei, Rachael A. Singleton
Color Vision And Color Discrimination In Anolis Sagrei, Rachael A. Singleton
Honors Theses
Anolis is a genus of fairly common lizards; over 300 species of Anolis inhabit areas close to the equator. One of their most unique features is the dewlap, a colorful throat fan that the lizards can extend and contract to denote certain behaviors. Dewlap color and pattern varies between species, and therefore aids in species identification. For this reason, color vision and color discrimination is especially important in Anolis lizards. Over a 10-week period a series of training experiments using color markers were done with four lizards of the Anolis sagrei species. The lizards were trained to move a color …
Virtual And Live Social Facilitation While Exergaming: Competitiveness Moderates, Amanda L. Snyder
Virtual And Live Social Facilitation While Exergaming: Competitiveness Moderates, Amanda L. Snyder
Honors Theses
This study evaluated the effects of virtual and live social facilitation on exercise behavior using a cybercycle, a virtual reality-enhanced stationary bike, with 3D scenery and interactive races. Research has shown that social presence can enhance performance (Zajonc, 1965). Research with the cybercycle found that more competitive participants increased exercise intensity with the introduction of a virtual competitor (Snyder et al., 2010). The current study extended the prior experimental design by comparing virtual with live social presence. After training to ride the cybercycle, female college students rode in the presence of a virtual rider and live rider (randomly ordered); a …
Development Of A Robust Genetic Test For Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (Hypp) In Quarter Horses, Samantha Traver
Development Of A Robust Genetic Test For Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (Hypp) In Quarter Horses, Samantha Traver
Honors Theses
A single nucleotide substitution in a region of the skeletal muscle sodium channel gene (SCN4A) is known to cause an equine genetic disorder known as Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP). The clinical effects of this disorder range from little or no symptoms to frequent episodes of muscle tremors, weakness, and/or complete collapse. Oligonucleotide primer pairs were designed for both the wild type and mutant alleles of the SCN4A gene for use in Amplification Refractory Mutation System-PCR (ARMS-PCR). These primers were tested with genomic DNA isolated from whole blood, saliva swabs, and hair of individual horses. It was determined that horse hair …
Effects Of Arginine On The Kinetics Of Bovine Insulin Aggregation Studied By Dynamic Light Scattering, Michael M. Varughese
Effects Of Arginine On The Kinetics Of Bovine Insulin Aggregation Studied By Dynamic Light Scattering, Michael M. Varughese
Honors Theses
In the fields of protein science and medicine, understanding the kinetics of protein aggregation are significant in the research and treatment of certain amyloid diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Previous studies have suggested that arginine can increase the solubility of certain proteins, suppress protein aggregation, and assist in the refolding of aggregated proteins; however, the molecular mechanisms by which arginine can influence protein aggregation are still unclear. Bovine insulin was employed as a model system for further understanding the effects of arginine on protein aggregation. Using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), we studied the concentration-dependent and temperature-dependent suppression of aggregation in insulin …
Neuropsychological And Neurophysiological Effects Of Low-Intensity Strengthening Exercise On Cognition, Vadim V. Yerokhin
Neuropsychological And Neurophysiological Effects Of Low-Intensity Strengthening Exercise On Cognition, Vadim V. Yerokhin
Honors Theses
With the growing aging population, it’s becoming increasingly important to find ways to either deter or prevent dementia. To date, most research has concentrated on the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition. Unfortunately, a large portion of older adults are often contraindicated to perform aerobic exercise due to different risk factors, which increase with age. Alas, alternate ways of exercise are necessary. Low-intensity strengthening exercise is a type of exercise aimed at improving balance and strengthening muscles without requiring one to overstrain. The current 11-week long exercise study test neuropsychological effects of exercise with a neuropsychological battery and neurophysiological effects …
Recovery Of The Long-Spine Sea Urchin, Diadema Antillarum, In Discovery Bay, Jamaica, 27 Years After Its Mass Mortality, Jessica Keller
Recovery Of The Long-Spine Sea Urchin, Diadema Antillarum, In Discovery Bay, Jamaica, 27 Years After Its Mass Mortality, Jessica Keller
Honors Theses
The long-spined sea urchin, Diadema antillarum, is a well-studied keystone herbivore on Caribbean coral reefs. The sea urchin controls benthic algae populations by grazing on macroalgae. Destruction caused by Hurricane Allen in 1980, along with the mass mortality of this urchin in 1983, greatly impacted Caribbean reef systems. In Discovery Bay, Jamaica, Diadema densities have been heavily studied over the years, allowing a review of their recovery and a prediction of their future. In Discovery Bay, densities were recorded to be up to 9.3 and 13.9 ± 2.8 m-2 at 5 m depth on the forereef before the mass mortality. …
Mitochondrial Dna Inheritance In Bivalves: A Comparative Study Involving The Unique System Of Doubly Uniparental Inheritance, Sarah Heishman
Mitochondrial Dna Inheritance In Bivalves: A Comparative Study Involving The Unique System Of Doubly Uniparental Inheritance, Sarah Heishman
Honors Theses
A comparative study of Doubly Uniparental Inheritance (DUI) in the bivalve mollusks Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa has yielded unanticipated results. Around the world, it has been reported that members of the taxonomic family Mytilidae (along with the families of Unionidae and Veneridae) consistently exhibit DUI. However, the hard-to-place Geukensia demissa, which is a member of this family, has had varying reports of its DUI status. Most reports involving G. demissa vary with the location in which it is being studied, which prompts more questions than it answers. Due to many months of unsuccessful DNA purification attempts, sequencing and an …
Characterization Of Expression Of The Kcne Gene Family In Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Lauren Vernlund
Characterization Of Expression Of The Kcne Gene Family In Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Lauren Vernlund
Honors Theses
The KCNE gene family codes for five transmembrane accessory proteins, "minK related peptides" or Mirps, involved in the modification of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, K+ selective pores vital in the regulation of membrane potential and repolarization in all organisms. In mammals, all five KCNE gene members are conserved and active in the heart. In the zebrafish Danio rerio, there are no apparent orthologs for KCNE2 or KCNE5, yet they contain Kv channels with homologous structure, function, and Mirp regulatory behavior to other organisms. Sequence analysis of wildtype zebrafish KCNE1, 3 and 4, and rtPCR on RNA from zebrafish tissues …
A Review Of Literature For Osteology: Cell Biology, Tissue Biology, And The Application Of Synthetic Compounds For The Facilitation Of Bone Tissue Repair, Ryan T. Jones
Honors Theses
Bone is a dynamic matter that provides support, structure, mineral reserves, and stem cell reserves for the body. Important functions range from structural support for the body to roles in maintaining homeostasis. Structure and support for the body is the most obvious role, with the skeletal system as a whole providing a normal force for other tissues and organs to resist gravity. Protection is also inferred for tissues and organs from impacting forces, especially with axial bones covering vital organs in the thoracic cavity. Another function of bone includes the ability to store and release minerals when needed to maintain …