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2009

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2008, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Jan 2009

Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2008, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The 2008 Director's Report of Research in Kansas provides a list of journal articles, station publications, and other published manuscripts from scientists in our departments, centers, fields, and associated programs. On cover: July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2008

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Southwest Research-Extension Center Field Day 2009 Jan 2009

Southwest Research-Extension Center Field Day 2009

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Each Field Day report consists of individual research reports on topics specific to the region, including cultural methods for most of the major crops grown in Kansas, mitigating the effects of weeds, insects, and disease associated with those crops, and irrigation. Research is conducted and reports written by staff of the K-State Research and Extension Southwest Research Extension Center.

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2009 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 2009

2009 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Length Of The Ranch-Of-Origin Weaning Period Does Not Affect Post-Receiving Growth Or Carcass Merit Of Ranch-Direct, Early-Weaned Beef Calves, J.W. Bolte, K. C. Olson, Todd W. Schmidt, Bradley J. White, George A. Milliken, N.A. Sproul, L.A. Pacheco, M.D. Thomas, John R. Jaeger, Daniel U. Thomson Jan 2009

Length Of The Ranch-Of-Origin Weaning Period Does Not Affect Post-Receiving Growth Or Carcass Merit Of Ranch-Direct, Early-Weaned Beef Calves, J.W. Bolte, K. C. Olson, Todd W. Schmidt, Bradley J. White, George A. Milliken, N.A. Sproul, L.A. Pacheco, M.D. Thomas, John R. Jaeger, Daniel U. Thomson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most economically devastating feedlot disease. Risk factors associated with incidence of BRD include (1) stress associated with maternal separation, (2) stress associated with introduction to an unfamiliar environment, (3) low intake associated with introduction of novel feedstuffs into the animal's diet, (4) exposure to novel pathogens upon transport to a feeding facility and commingling with unfamiliar cattle, and (5) inappropriately administered respiratory disease vaccination programs. Management practices that are collectively referred to as preconditioning are thought to minimize damage to the carcass from the BRD complex. Preconditioning management can reduce the aforementioned risk factors …

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Dried Corn Germ In Natural Finishing Programs Reduces Incidence Of Liver Abscess, J.O. Wallace, James S. Drouillard, Christopher D. Reinhardt Jan 2009

Dried Corn Germ In Natural Finishing Programs Reduces Incidence Of Liver Abscess, J.O. Wallace, James S. Drouillard, Christopher D. Reinhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Changes in consumer preference for beef produced without growth promotants, ionophores, or antibiotics and consumers' willingness to pay price premiums for such products have led some producers to begin raising beef under "natural" feeding regimens. Some natural programs prohibit use of injectable antibiotics, feed additive drugs, or growth promoting implants throughout the life of the animal. This creates challenges for maintaining efficient growth and preventing disease or metabolic disorders. A key problem facing producers who feed cattle under a natural regimen, without use of antibiotics such as tylosin and ionophores, is ruminal acidosis, which is commonly linked with liver abscesses. …

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Higher Ruminal Ph Increases In Vitro Digestion Of Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles, S. Uwituze, J.M. Heidenreich, James S. Drouillard Jan 2009

Higher Ruminal Ph Increases In Vitro Digestion Of Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles, S. Uwituze, J.M. Heidenreich, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Advantages of steam flaking grain are less with respect to growth performance and diet digestion when a portion of distillers grains is substituted for grain. Ruminal pH typically is lower in cattle fed flaked-grain diets than in cattle fed rolled-grain diets. Ruminal pH for cattle fed finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn is observed below pH 6.0. Previous research observed a 5% decrease in digestion of organic matter when 13% distillers grains (dry-matter basis) was added to steam-flaked corn finishing diets. A decline in ruminal pH below 6.2 reduces activity of ruminal fiber-digesting organisms. Furthermore, ruminal protein digestion declines with …

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Management Practices Affect Tenderness Of Strip Loin But Not Knuckle Steaks From Fed Mature Cows, S. Neill, T.T. Marston, M.J. Daniel, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 2009

Management Practices Affect Tenderness Of Strip Loin But Not Knuckle Steaks From Fed Mature Cows, S. Neill, T.T. Marston, M.J. Daniel, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Approximately 16% of cattle slaughtered in the United States are cows. When these cows are removed from the herd, they are typically in thin condition. Steaks from these cows are considered tougher than those from young steers and heifers but could potentially be improved with alternative management practices, such as high concentrate feeding. Feeding high-concentrate diets, implanting, and feeding β-agonists prior to harvest have been shown to improve performance and carcass meat yields. However, the effect on steak tenderness of feeding Zilmax (zilpaterol hydrochloride; Intervet Inc., Millsboro, DE) to mature cows is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was …

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Using Sequential Feeding Of Optaflexx And Zilmax To Improve Performance And Meat Quality In Cull Beef Cows, M.J. Daniel, Michael E. Dikeman, Terry A. Houser, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger, Leigh W. Murray Jan 2009

Using Sequential Feeding Of Optaflexx And Zilmax To Improve Performance And Meat Quality In Cull Beef Cows, M.J. Daniel, Michael E. Dikeman, Terry A. Houser, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger, Leigh W. Murray

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Beef cows are culled from herds because of reproductive inefficiency, poor performance, old age, or farm downsizing due to high production costs. The National Market Cow and Bull Beef Quality Audit of 1999 reported that challenges associated with cull cow carcasses are undesirable dressing percentages and meat yields. Since 1999, an increasing number of producers are either selling cows in better physical condition or feeding cows a high concentrate ration for 50 to 100 days prior to harvest. According to the 2007 audit, cow carcasses were heavier and leaner and had more desirable muscle and fat color scores than in …

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Effects Of Increasing Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine:Calorie Ratio On The Growth Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2009), J R. Bergstrom, N W. Shelton, G Papadopoulos, M L. Potter, J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Increasing Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine:Calorie Ratio On The Growth Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2009), J R. Bergstrom, N W. Shelton, G Papadopoulos, M L. Potter, J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,080 pigs (PIC TR4 × 1050) were used in four 28-d experiments to determine the lysine requirements of growing-finishing pigs reared in the new Kansas State University finishing barn. Low- and high-lysine corn-soybean meal-based diets with no added fat were formulated for each experiment by varying the amounts of corn, soybean meal, L-lysine HCl, DL-methionine, and L-threonine. Six lysine levels were evaluated in each experiment, with intermediate lysine levels obtained by blending the low- and high-lysine diets. There were 6 pens containing an equal number of barrows and gilts for each treatment, with 6 or 8 pigs …

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Effects Of Feeding Varied Levels Of Balanced Protein On Growth Performance And Carcass Composition Of Growing And Finishing Pigs (2009), N W. Shelton, J K. Htoo, M Redshaw, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Feeding Varied Levels Of Balanced Protein On Growth Performance And Carcass Composition Of Growing And Finishing Pigs (2009), N W. Shelton, J K. Htoo, M Redshaw, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,003 barrows and gilts (PIC 337 × 1050, initially 113.5 lb) were used in an 88-d study to determine effects of various levels of balanced amino acid density on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Balanced amino acid refers to balancing the dietary amino acids according to the ideal protein ratio, at least for the first 4 limiting amino acids; the other amino acids may be at or higher than required levels. In this study, this balance was accomplished by using supplemental amino acids and formulating to meet the first 4 limiting amino acids: lysine, threonine, methionine, and …

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Effects Of Copper Sulfate, Zinc Oxide, And Neoterramycin On Weanling Pig Growth And Antibiotic Resistance Rate For Fecal Escherichia Coli (2009), N W. Shelton, M E. Jacob, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, R G. Amachawadi, X Shi, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Copper Sulfate, Zinc Oxide, And Neoterramycin On Weanling Pig Growth And Antibiotic Resistance Rate For Fecal Escherichia Coli (2009), N W. Shelton, M E. Jacob, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, R G. Amachawadi, X Shi, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 180 weanling pigs (PIC TR4 ×1050, initially 11.1 lb and 21 d of age) were used in a 42-d growth trial to compare the effects of supplemental zinc, copper, and in-feed antimicrobial on weanling pig growth and antibiotic resistance of fecal Escherichia coli. There were 5 dietary treatments with 6 pens per treatment and 5 pigs per pen. Pens were assigned to dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with main effects of copper sulfate (0 or 125 ppm) and zinc oxide (0 or 3,000 ppm …

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Effects Of Mycotoxin Binders And A Liquid Immunity Enhancer On The Growth Performance Of Wean-To-Finish Pigs (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Mycotoxin Binders And A Liquid Immunity Enhancer On The Growth Performance Of Wean-To-Finish Pigs (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,120 pigs (PIC 337 × C22, initial BW = 16.0 lb) were used in a study to evaluate the effects of 2 commercial mycotoxin binders and a liquid immunity enhancer product on growth performance of wean-to-finish pigs. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments balanced by initial average BW within gender with 10 replicate pens per treatment. Treatments were: (1) control standard phase-fed diets based on corn and soybean meal with DDGS (20 to 35%) fed for 132 d, (2) a control diet with mycotoxin binders Biomannan fed from d 0 to 55 and T-BIND …

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Effects Of Adding Enzymes To Diets Containing High Levels Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On Growth Performance Of Finishing Pigs (2009), J Y. Jacela, K J. Prusa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Adding Enzymes To Diets Containing High Levels Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On Growth Performance Of Finishing Pigs (2009), J Y. Jacela, K J. Prusa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,032 pigs (BW = 101.5 lb) were used in a 90-d experiment to determine the effects of adding enzymes to diets containing high levels of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Pigs were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments with 6 pens per treatment. The control diet contained 30% DDGS. The remaining treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design based on DDGS (45 or 60%) and enzyme inclusion (none, product A, or product B). Enzyme products were commercially available …

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Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 2009 Jan 2009

Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 2009

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Report of agricultural research from Southwest Research-Extension Center of Kansas State University.

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Incidence And Severity Of Arcanobacterium Pyogenes Injection Site Abscesses With Needle Or Needle-Free Injection Methods (2009), B M. Gerlach, Terry A. Houser, Larry C. Hollis, Michael D. Tokach, Jerome C. Nietfeld, James J. Higgins, Gary A. Anderson, B L. Goehring Jan 2009

Incidence And Severity Of Arcanobacterium Pyogenes Injection Site Abscesses With Needle Or Needle-Free Injection Methods (2009), B M. Gerlach, Terry A. Houser, Larry C. Hollis, Michael D. Tokach, Jerome C. Nietfeld, James J. Higgins, Gary A. Anderson, B L. Goehring

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 198 nursery age pigs were used to evaluate the difference in the occurrence of injection site abscesses between needle-free jet injection and conventional needle-and-syringe injection systems. Pigs were fed for 21 d prior to treatment administration to acclimate the pigs to the environment of the Kansas State University Segregated Early Weaning Unit. On d 21, each pig received 4 injections of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, 1 in the neck and 1 in the ham by needle-free jet injection (Pulse Needle-Free Systems, Lenexa, KS) on 1 side and 1 in the neck and 1 in the ham on the …

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Determination Of Amino Acid Digestibility And Calculated Energy Values In High-Protein Sorghum Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles In Growing Pigs (2009), H L. Frobose, J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Determination Of Amino Acid Digestibility And Calculated Energy Values In High-Protein Sorghum Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles In Growing Pigs (2009), H L. Frobose, J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the digestibility of amino acids (AA) and energy in high-protein sorghum dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). Six growing barrows (initially 50 lb) surgically fitted with T-cannulas were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments in a 2-period crossover design. The treatments were a diet with the high-protein sorghum DDGS (50% of the diet) as the only protein source and an N-free diet for determining basal endogenous AA loss. Both diets contained 0.25% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Fecal and ileal digesta samples were collected during each period for energy and AA …

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Effects Of Dietary Astaxanthin On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2009), J R. Bergstrom, Terry A. Houser, J A. Gunderson, A N. Gipe, J Jacela, J M. Benz, R C. Sulabo, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach Jan 2009

Effects Of Dietary Astaxanthin On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2009), J R. Bergstrom, Terry A. Houser, J A. Gunderson, A N. Gipe, J Jacela, J M. Benz, R C. Sulabo, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 48 barrows (initially 215 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary astaxanthin (0, 5, 10, and 20 ppm) on late-finishing pig performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 26-d experiment. Pigs were fed simple corn-soybean meal-based diets. Treatments consisted of a control diet and the control diet with 5, 10, or 20 ppm added astaxanthin. For overall growth performance (d 0 to 26), ADG and F/G of pigs fed astaxanthin was not different from that of the control pigs. However, ADFI …

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Economic Impact Of Removing Pigs Before Marketing On The Remaining Pigs’ Growth Performance (2009), J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Economic Impact Of Removing Pigs Before Marketing On The Remaining Pigs’ Growth Performance (2009), J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The economic impact of removing the heaviest pigs (topping) before marketing a finishing group and the effect of topping on performance of the remaining pigs were determined in 2 studies. In Exp. 1, a total of 1,126 pigs (BW = 241 lb; 25 pigs/pen) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: topping 0, 2, or 4 pigs/pen 15 d before marketing the remaining pigs in the group. After topping, floor space per pig was 7.2, 7.8, and 8.6 ft2 for pens with 0, 2, and 4 pigs topped per pen, respectively. Overall (d 0 to 15), increasing the number …

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Effect Of A Commercial Enzyme (Nutrase) On Growth Performance Of Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effect Of A Commercial Enzyme (Nutrase) On Growth Performance Of Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,076 pigs (PIC 337 × C22, initially 87.4 lb) were used to determine the effect of a commercial enzyme product on the growth performance of pig fed diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatments balanced by average initial BW within gender. There were 13 replicate pens (7 barrow and 6 gilt pens) per treatment. Treatments included: (1) diet with 3% added fat (control); (2) diet supplemented with enzyme with only 2% added fat but formulated to have an energy content equal to that of the control diet …

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Concurrent Metaphylaxis With Aureomycin And Draxxin In High-Risk Calves Has No Additive Effects On Cattle Health And Performance, J.O. Wallace, Christopher D. Reinhardt, Daniel U. Thomson Jan 2009

Concurrent Metaphylaxis With Aureomycin And Draxxin In High-Risk Calves Has No Additive Effects On Cattle Health And Performance, J.O. Wallace, Christopher D. Reinhardt, Daniel U. Thomson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The shipping and receiving period is one of the most stressful experiences during a calf's lifetime. Stressors include weaning, commingling, transportation, processing, feed and water changes, and disease challenge placed on the animal upon entering a stocker operation or feedlot. These stressors result in decreased appetite, loss of body mass, decreased immunity, and increased risk of disease. Bovine respiratory disease complex has one of the highest treatment costs of all diseases affecting feedlot cattle and can negatively affect feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of animals, resulting in decreased profit. Mass medication (metaphylaxis) is the treatment of all cattle at arrival …

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Distillers Grains Do Not Change Carcass Composition But Change Some Fatty Acids When Added To Finishing Diet, P.L. Black, G.L. Parsons, M.K. Shelor, K.K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, James S. Drouillard Jan 2009

Distillers Grains Do Not Change Carcass Composition But Change Some Fatty Acids When Added To Finishing Diet, P.L. Black, G.L. Parsons, M.K. Shelor, K.K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Distillers grains are a by-product of ethanol production and have become increasingly available in recent years. Some research has revealed negative effects of distillers grains on quality and yield grades. Distillers grains contain substantial amounts of unsaturated fats and therefore could alter the ratios of saturated and unsaturated fats to achieve a more desirable composition in beef. Heterocyclic amines are the carcinogenic compounds released during high-temperature grilling of meat and would be increased if fat composition is changed. Our objectives were to evaluate effects of feeding distillers grains on carcass fatness, fatty acid profiles, and formation of heterocyclic amines.

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Extruded Complete Feed For Finishing Cattle, R. Strabler, A.J. Crisler, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard Jan 2009

Extruded Complete Feed For Finishing Cattle, R. Strabler, A.J. Crisler, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Steam flaking is the predominant means of processing grains in large commercial feedlots. Compared with dry rolling, steam flaking improves total tract digestibility and feed efficiency by 8 to 15%. In steam-flaked corn diets, alfalfa hay often is used as a source of roughage. A survey of industry consultants showed that the range of roughage levels used is between 4.5 and 13.5%. Roughages are commonly the highest-cost ingredient per unit of energy and are highly prone to shrink. Low roughage levels are desirable, but a modest level must be maintained to ensure rumen health. Cattle, like other species, can be …

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Effects Of Megasphaera Elsdenii On Ruminal Ph, Ruminal Concentrations Of Organic Acids, And Bacterial Genomes Following A Grain Challenge, M.R. Mcdaniel, James J. Higgins, J.M. Heidenreich, M.K. Shelor, G.L. Parsons, P.H. Henning, James S. Drouillard Jan 2009

Effects Of Megasphaera Elsdenii On Ruminal Ph, Ruminal Concentrations Of Organic Acids, And Bacterial Genomes Following A Grain Challenge, M.R. Mcdaniel, James J. Higgins, J.M. Heidenreich, M.K. Shelor, G.L. Parsons, P.H. Henning, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Upon arrival in feedlots, cattle normally must be adapted to high-concentrate diets. The microbial population in the rumen of incoming cattle normally is suited to digestion of forages, and when cattle are transitioned onto concentrate diets, opportunistic bacteria that produce lactic acid can proliferate rapidly, leading to excesses of lactic acid in the rumen. High levels of lactic acid in the rumen may cause mild to severe acidosis. Megasphaera elsdenii is a lactate-utilizing bacterium that normally is present in rumens of cattle that have been adapted to high-grain diets, but numbers of the organism are relatively low during the step-up …

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The Combination Of Implanting With Revalor-200 And Feeding Zilmax Increases Subprimal Meat Yield Of Fed Cows, S. Neill, T.T. Marston, M.J. Daniel, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger Jan 2009

The Combination Of Implanting With Revalor-200 And Feeding Zilmax Increases Subprimal Meat Yield Of Fed Cows, S. Neill, T.T. Marston, M.J. Daniel, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mature cows are culled from herds for reasons such as poor performance and failure to rebreed. When these cows are removed from the herd, they are typically in thin condition and potentially can be fed to gain weight and increase income. Previous research has shown that feeding cull cows high-energy diets can increase carcass weight, fatness, and meat yield. Management practices of implanting and feeding β-adrenergic agonists, repartitioning agents that favor protein deposition at the expense of fat deposition, have been shown to further improve performance and carcass yields. As reported elsewhere in this publication, carcasses from concentrate-fed cows implanted …

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The Combination Of Implanting With Revalor-200 And Feeding Zilmax Increases Ribeye Area Of Fed Cows, S. Neill, T.T. Marston, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger Jan 2009

The Combination Of Implanting With Revalor-200 And Feeding Zilmax Increases Ribeye Area Of Fed Cows, S. Neill, T.T. Marston, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mature cows are typically removed from the cow herd for various reasons, such as reproductive inefficiency and poor performance. It has been estimated that as much as 15 to 25% of a ranch's revenue may be from cull cows. When cows are culled from the herd, they are normally in thin condition and potentially can be fed to gain weight and increase income. Previous studies indicate that feeding a high-energy diet and implanting cull cows can improve performance and increase meat yield. Zilmax (zilpaterol hydrochloride; Intervet Inc., Millsboro, DE) is a β-adrenergic agonist approved as a growth promotant in feedlot …

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Near-Infrared Tissue Oximetry Of Beef Longissimus Muscle For The Improvement Of Meat Color And Meat Color Stability, A. Mohan, Terry A. Houser, T.E. Barstow, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 2009

Near-Infrared Tissue Oximetry Of Beef Longissimus Muscle For The Improvement Of Meat Color And Meat Color Stability, A. Mohan, Terry A. Houser, T.E. Barstow, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Meat color as perceived by consumers serves as a valuable guide for assessing overall quality and wholesomeness of meat. The bright cherry-red color of beef is influenced by tissue oxygen consumption, obstacles to oxygen diffusion, and thickness of the oxymyoglobin layer. The dynamics of meat color depend on several physical properties of muscle including myoglobin redox status and concentration. Physical, chemical, and anatomical differences in muscles cause large variations in color from cut to cut, within a cut, and in cuts made parallel or perpendicular to muscle fibers. Clearly, muscle fiber orientation affects measurements of tenderness and cooking yields; however, …

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Spotlight On Dry Aging Beef: Effects Of Loin Type, Aging Methods, And Aging Time, S.L. Degeer, C.L. Bratcher, B.A. Crozier-Dodson, D.E. Johnson, J.F. Stika, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 2009

Spotlight On Dry Aging Beef: Effects Of Loin Type, Aging Methods, And Aging Time, S.L. Degeer, C.L. Bratcher, B.A. Crozier-Dodson, D.E. Johnson, J.F. Stika, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Dry aging is an old-time process used to produce a high quality beef product marketed to high-end customers. Its most unique quality is the distinctive dry-aged flavor. Dry aging has been accomplished through many protocols over the years, but an optimum protocol has not been adopted. Practitioners of this art are very interested in providing a consistent, quality, safe product. Traditionally, dry aging is done without packaging, which places more emphasis on plant quality control practices to achieve a consistent product. This limits the number of processors that have the ability to produce dry-aged product. Packaging bags with a very …

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An Evaluation Of Peptone As A Specialty Protein Source In Diets For Nursery Pigs (2009), C K. Jones, D Mckilligan, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

An Evaluation Of Peptone As A Specialty Protein Source In Diets For Nursery Pigs (2009), C K. Jones, D Mckilligan, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of select menhaden fish meal (SMFM), spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP), and two forms of a spray-dried ultra-filtrated porcine intestinal mucosa (Peptone 1 and 2; Protein Resources, West Bend, IA) on nursery pig performance. In Exp. 1, 216 weanling pigs (initial BW 11.9 lb) were fed either (1) a control diet containing no specialty protein sources or the control diet with (2) 4% SMFM during Phase 1 and 2% SMFM during Phase 2, (3) 4% SDAP during Phase 1 and no specialty protein sources during Phase 2, (4) 4% SDAP during Phase 1 …

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Effects Of Increasing Feeding Level During Late Gestation On Sow And Litter Performance (2009), N W. Shelton, C R. Neill, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Increasing Feeding Level During Late Gestation On Sow And Litter Performance (2009), N W. Shelton, C R. Neill, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 108 gilts and sows (PIC 1050) and their litters were used over 2 gestation and lactation periods to determine the effect of increasing late gestation feeding level on sow and litter performance. Treatments were structured as a 2 × 2 factorial design with main effects of feeding level (0 or 2 lb of extra feed from d 90 to farrowing) and parity group (gilts or sows). The trial was conducted for 2 successive parities, with gilts and sows remaining on the same treatment for both parities. For the first gestation and lactation period, gilts had increased (P < 0.001) backfat thickness on d 35, 90, and 112 of gestation and at farrowing compared with sows but had increased (P < 0.001) lactation backfat loss. Increasing late gestation feed increased (P < 0.001) weight gain from d 90 to 112 in both gilts and sows. There were late gestation feeding level × parity interactions observed (P < 0.04) for ADFI and total feed intake for the overall lactation period. This was due to gilts having decreased lactation ADFI when fed extra feed in late gestation, but when sows were fed extra feed, lactation ADFI increased. Increasing feeding level in late gestation also increased (P < 0.04) total feed cost. A feeding level × parity interaction was observed (P < 0.04) for average weight of total born and live born pigs. Increasing feeding level in late gestation increased piglet birth weight in gilts but decreased piglet weight in sows. Gilts had increased (P < 0.02) number and total weight of the total born, live born, and number after fostering compared with older parity sows. Gilts weaned larger (P < 0.002) litters and had increased (P < 0.03) total litter weaning weight compared with older parity sows. At weaning, sows had a decreased (P < 0.002) weaning to breeding interval compared with gilts, and a late gestation feeding level × parity interaction was observed (P < 0.03) for conception rate. Gilts that received increased late gestation feed had a greater conception rate than those maintained on the same level, whereas a decrease in conception rate was observed when sows received increased late gestation feed. During the subsequent lactation period, a feeding level × parity interaction was detected (P < 0.005) for lactation backfat loss. This interaction was reflective of an increase in backfat loss in parity 2 sows as the late gestation feeding level was increased and a decrease in backfat loss in parity 3 and older sows with increasing late gestation feeding level. A feeding level × parity interaction was detected (P < 0.02) for lactation weight loss; parity 2 sows lost a greater amount of weight when late gestation feeding level was increased, whereas similar weight losses were observed between treatments in parity 3 and older sows. Total born and live born numbers and total litter weight were greater (P < 0.006) in parity 2 sows than in parity 3 and older sows. A late gestation feeding level × parity interaction was observed (P < 0.01) for average weight of both total born and live born pigs because of an increase in piglet birth weight as parity 2 sows were supplemented with 2 lb of additional feed in late gestation with a slight numeric decrease in parity 3 and older sows. Additional feed in late gestation increased (P < 0.02) average piglet weaning weight, with a large improvement observed in parity 2 sows. Total number weaned and total weight at weaning were increased (P < 0.004) in parity 2 sows compared with parity 3 and older sows. This trial indicates that adding extra feed to late gestation diets increased feed cost with no benefit in sow performance. In gilts, conception rate and litter weaning weight were increased during the second parity, but no other benefits were found.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 2009

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Effects Of Copper Sulfate And Zinc Oxide On Weanling Pig Growth And Plasma Mineral Levels (2009), N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, G M. Hill, R G. Amachawadi, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Copper Sulfate And Zinc Oxide On Weanling Pig Growth And Plasma Mineral Levels (2009), N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, G M. Hill, R G. Amachawadi, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 216 weanling pigs (PIC TR4 × 1050, initially 13.6 lb and 21 d of age) were used in a 42-d growth trial to compare the effects of supplemental zinc and copper and changing mineral regimens on growth performance and plasma mineral levels. The 6 dietary treatments included a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of added copper from copper sulfate (0 or 125 ppm) and added zinc from zinc oxide (0 or 3,000 ppm from d 0 to 14 and 0 or 2,000 ppm from d 14 to 42). For the final 2 treatments, either …

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