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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Select Listeria Monocytogenes Subtypes Commonly Found In Foods Carry Distinct Nonsense Mutations In Inla, Leading To Expression Of Truncated And Secreted Internalin A, And Are Associated With A Reduced Invasion Phenotype For Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells, K. K. Nightingale, K. Windham, K. E. Martin, M. Yeung, M. Wiedmann
Select Listeria Monocytogenes Subtypes Commonly Found In Foods Carry Distinct Nonsense Mutations In Inla, Leading To Expression Of Truncated And Secreted Internalin A, And Are Associated With A Reduced Invasion Phenotype For Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells, K. K. Nightingale, K. Windham, K. E. Martin, M. Yeung, M. Wiedmann
Biological Sciences
The surface protein internalin A (InlA) contributes to the invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by Listeria monocytogenes. Screening of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from human clinical cases (n=46), foods (n=118), and healthy animals (n=58) in the United States revealed mutations in inlA leading to premature stop codons (PMSCs) in L. monocytogenes ribotypes DUP-1052A and DUP-16635A (PMSC mutation type 1), DUP-1025A and DUP-1031A (PMSC mutation type 2), and DUP-1046B and DUP-1062A (PMSC mutation type 3). While all DUP-1046B, DUP-1062A, DUP-16635A, and DUP-1031A isolates (n=76) contained inlA PMSCs, ribotypes DUP-1052A and DUP-1025A ( …
Carotenoid Availability Affects The Development Of A Colour-Based Mate Preference And The Sensory Bias To Which It Is Genetically Linked, Gregory F. Grether, Gita R. Kolluru, F. Helen Rodd, Jennifer De La Cerda, Kaori Shimazaki
Carotenoid Availability Affects The Development Of A Colour-Based Mate Preference And The Sensory Bias To Which It Is Genetically Linked, Gregory F. Grether, Gita R. Kolluru, F. Helen Rodd, Jennifer De La Cerda, Kaori Shimazaki
Biological Sciences
Regardless of their origins, mate preferences should, in theory, be shaped by their benefits in a mating context. Here we show that the female preference for carotenoid colouration in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) exhibits a phenotypically plastic response to carotenoid availability, confirming a key prediction of sexual selection theory. Earlier work indicated that this mate preference is genetically linked to, and may be derived from, a sensory bias that occurs in both sexes: attraction to orange objects. The original function of this sensory bias is unknown, but it may help guppies find orange-coloured fruits in the rainforest streams of …
Two-Dimensional Gel Analysis Of The Heat-Shock Response In Marine Snails (Genus Tegula): Interspecific Variation In Protein Expression And Acclimation Ability, Lars Tomanek
Biological Sciences
The degree to which temperature acclimation modifies the acute synthesis of the entire heat-shock protein (Hsp) complement is still unknown, but it may constitute an important mechanism for understanding the differences in acclimation ability among closely related ectothermic species that occupy widely varying thermal environments. In general, eurythermal (heat-tolerant) species modify physiological function in response to an increase in acclimation temperature to a greater extent than stenothermal (heat-sensitive) species. In the present work I used 35S-labelled amino acids and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to test this assumption for how acclimation affects acute Hsp expression (referred to as phenotypic plasticity) in …
Genetic Analysis Of Two Bile Salt Hydrolase Activities In Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ncfm, Olivia Mcauliffe, Raul J. Cano, Todd R. Klaenhammer
Genetic Analysis Of Two Bile Salt Hydrolase Activities In Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ncfm, Olivia Mcauliffe, Raul J. Cano, Todd R. Klaenhammer
Biological Sciences
Two genes, bshA and bshB, encoding bile salt hydrolase enzymes (EC 3.5.1.24) were identified in the genome sequence of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Targeted inactivation of these genes via chromosomal insertion of an integration vector demonstrated different substrate specificities for these two enzymes.
Elevated Levels Of Trace Elements In Cores Of Otoliths And Their Potential For Use As Natural Tags, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Scott L. Hamilton, Michael J.H. Hickford, Georges L. Paradis, Michael S. Sheehy, Julie D. Standish, Ofer Ben-Tzvi, Robert R. Warner
Elevated Levels Of Trace Elements In Cores Of Otoliths And Their Potential For Use As Natural Tags, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Scott L. Hamilton, Michael J.H. Hickford, Georges L. Paradis, Michael S. Sheehy, Julie D. Standish, Ofer Ben-Tzvi, Robert R. Warner
Biological Sciences
Variation in the chemical composition of fish otoliths has been used in recent years to address a range of ecological questions, including levels of stock mixing, variation in habitat use, and rates of larval exchange. While some of these questions have been answered with varying success, the degree to which discrete populations are connected via larval exchange remains unknown. To identify larval sources using natural variation in otolith chemistry, we must distinguish and measure the chemical composition of the otolith core, the portion of the otolith formed at the spawning site. Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), …
Patterns, Causes And Consequences Of Regional Variation In The Ecology And Life History Of A Reef Fish, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Alison J. Haupt, Angel I. Chiriboga, Robert R. Warner
Patterns, Causes And Consequences Of Regional Variation In The Ecology And Life History Of A Reef Fish, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Alison J. Haupt, Angel I. Chiriboga, Robert R. Warner
Biological Sciences
Many species vary in their ecology across their geographic ranges in response to gradients in environmental conditions. Such variation, which can influence life history traits and subsequent demography of populations, usually occurs over large spatial scales. However, describing and understanding the causes of such variation is difficult precisely because it occurs over such large spatial scales. In this study, we document spatial variation in the ecology of a common reef fish, Stegastes beebei, in the Gala´pagos Islands and test a number of potential causal mechanisms. The pattern resembles that seen in latitudinal variation: individuals are larger, occur in higher densities, …
Adaptive Sampling Of Phytoplankton Responses To Episodic Physical Forcing In The Nearshore Coastal Ocean, Mark A. Moline
Adaptive Sampling Of Phytoplankton Responses To Episodic Physical Forcing In The Nearshore Coastal Ocean, Mark A. Moline
Biological Sciences
The original proposal focused on the linkages between in-water physical, biological and optical dynamics and to assess the degree to which remote sensing could be applied. These areas were approached during the 2001 sampling season and with follow on studies, as part of the extension of the grant through the PECASE award, there are three specific areas of work that have evolved from these original efforts. The first is a further examination of the coherence between convergence zones, general current patterns and spatial distribution of in-water biological signals (phytoplankton). The second is a remote sensing focus, attempting to define the …
Proliferation Zones In The Salmon Telencephalon And Evidence For Environmental Influence On Proliferation Rate, Sean C. Lema, Mark J. Hodges, Michael P. Marchetti, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Proliferation Zones In The Salmon Telencephalon And Evidence For Environmental Influence On Proliferation Rate, Sean C. Lema, Mark J. Hodges, Michael P. Marchetti, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Biological Sciences
Cell proliferation occurs in the brain of fish throughout life. This mitotic activity contributes new neurons to some brain subdivisions, suggesting potential for plasticity in neural development. Recently we found that the telencephalon in salmonids (salmon, trout) is significantly reduced in fish reared in hatcheries compared to wild fish, and that these differences resulted in part from rearing conditions. Here, we describe localized areas of cell proliferation in the telencephalon of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and begin to explore whether mitotic activity in these areas is sensitive to environmental conditions. Using the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) cell birthdating technique, …
A New Aglyptorhynchus (Perciformes: Scombroidei) From The Lincoln Creek Formation (Late Oligocene, Washington, U.S.A.), Harry L. Fierstine
A New Aglyptorhynchus (Perciformes: Scombroidei) From The Lincoln Creek Formation (Late Oligocene, Washington, U.S.A.), Harry L. Fierstine
Biological Sciences
A partial rostrum with an attachcd lower jaw, a posterior neurocranium, and a proximal hyomandibular from the Lincoln Creek Formation (late Oligocene, Washington) arc described and identified as Aglyptorhynchlls coillmhianlls sp, nov. In addition. ten articulated anterior caudal vertebrae presumably from the Lincoln Creek Formation arc described and identified as Aglyptorhyllchlls sp. This is a second record of an Aglyptorhynchus from a deposit bordering the Pacific Ocean, The specimens are compared with other billfishes (Perciformes: Scombroidei), both extant and extinct. Unusual features include a tripartite celous occipital condyle composed equally of the basioccipital and cxoccipitals, a lower jaw that is …
Xiphiorhynchus Cf. X. Eocaenicus (Woodward, 1901), (Scombroidei: Xiphiidae: Xiphiorhynchinae) From The Middle Eocene Of Mississippi, The First Transatlantic Distribution Of A Species Of Xiphiorhynchus, Harry L. Fierstine, James E. Starnes
Xiphiorhynchus Cf. X. Eocaenicus (Woodward, 1901), (Scombroidei: Xiphiidae: Xiphiorhynchinae) From The Middle Eocene Of Mississippi, The First Transatlantic Distribution Of A Species Of Xiphiorhynchus, Harry L. Fierstine, James E. Starnes
Biological Sciences
An anterior (distal) rostrum (MMNS 2957) from the Moodys Branch Formation (late middle Eocene). Tesheva Creek, Yazoo County, Mississippi, U.S.A., is described and identified as Xiphiorhynchus cf. X. eocaenicus. The specimen is compared to various species of Xiphiorhynchus, especially the holotype of X. eocaenicl.ls (BMNH 25744), Braeklesham Group, early middle Eocene, England. This represents the first record of a species of Xiphiorhynchl.ls in deposits on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean. Xiphiorhynchus eocaenicus is thought to have had similar environmental prtoferences and habits as the extant swordfish, Xiphias gladius. Since the swordfish prefers oceanic water and makes transatlantic movements, …
Taxonomic Revision And Stratigraphic Provenance Of Histiophorus Rotundus Woodward 1901 (Teleostei, Perciformes), Kenneth A. Monsch, Harry L. Fierstine, Robert E. Weems
Taxonomic Revision And Stratigraphic Provenance Of Histiophorus Rotundus Woodward 1901 (Teleostei, Perciformes), Kenneth A. Monsch, Harry L. Fierstine, Robert E. Weems
Biological Sciences
Until recently, Histiophorus rotundus Woodward 1901, was known from a single, poorly preserved rostrum from the Tertiary phosphate beds near Charleston, South Carolina, an area from which many fossils have been described. The specimen is relatively featureless externally; its internal anatomy is unknown and the documentation of its geological provenance was poor. In an earlier revision the species was transferred to the fossil billfish genus Xiphiorhynchus Van Beneden, 1871. Here we confirm this designation, supported by new morphological studies of the holotype, recently found specimens of tXiphiorhynchus rotundus (Woodward, 1901), and the stratigraphic record of tXiphiorhynchus. The systematic paleontology we …
Effects Of Food Supplementation On The Physiological Ecology Of Female Western Diamond‐Backed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Atrox), Emily N. Taylor, Michael A. Malawy, Dawn M. Browning, Shea V. Lemar, Dale F. Denardo
Effects Of Food Supplementation On The Physiological Ecology Of Female Western Diamond‐Backed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Atrox), Emily N. Taylor, Michael A. Malawy, Dawn M. Browning, Shea V. Lemar, Dale F. Denardo
Biological Sciences
Food availability is an important factor in the life histories of organisms because it is often limiting and thus can affect growth, mass change, reproduction, and behaviors such as thermoregulation, locomotion, and mating. Experimental studies in natural settings allow researchers to examine the effects of food on these parameters while animals are free to behave naturally. The wide variation among organisms in energy demands and among environmental food resources suggest that responses to changes in food availability may vary among organisms. Since most supplemental feeding field experiments have been conducted on species with high energy demands, we conducted a supplemental …
Sexual Size Dimorphism And Growth Plasticity In Snakes: An Experiment On The Western Diamond‐Backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus Atrox), Emily N, Taylor, Dale F. Denardo
Sexual Size Dimorphism And Growth Plasticity In Snakes: An Experiment On The Western Diamond‐Backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus Atrox), Emily N, Taylor, Dale F. Denardo
Biological Sciences
We conducted an experiment to examine the effects of sex and food intake on growth, mass gain, and attainment of sexual maturity in Western Diamond‐backed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox). We also measured testosterone levels to determine whether testosterone might be involved in the male‐biased sexual size dimorphism observed in this species. We collected neonate rattlesnakes and raised them in the laboratory for 2 years on either a high‐intake diet (fed one mouse per week) or a low‐intake diet (fed one mouse every 3 weeks). High‐intake snakes grew and gained mass more rapidly than low‐intake snakes, but males did not …
Making Babies By The Flip Of A Coin?, Matthew A. Carlton, William D. Stansfield
Making Babies By The Flip Of A Coin?, Matthew A. Carlton, William D. Stansfield
Biological Sciences
Many probability and genetics textbooks pose standard questions about eye color, birth defects, sexes of children, and so on. Solutions to these questions, specifically about sexes, generally make two assumptions: first, that a randomly selected embryo is equally likely to be male or female; second, that the sexes of successive children from the same parents are independent. In other words, probabilists (and some geneticists) treat sexes of children like flips of a fair coin: two possible outcomes, each equally likely, with outcomes independent from trial to trial. But are these assumptions realistic? Demographic data suggest that neither a balance of …
A Multi-Platform Bathyphotometer For Fine-Scale, Coastal Bioluminescence Research, Christen M. Herren, Steven H.D. Haddock, Cyril Johnson, Cristina M. Orrico, Mark A. Moline, James F. Case
A Multi-Platform Bathyphotometer For Fine-Scale, Coastal Bioluminescence Research, Christen M. Herren, Steven H.D. Haddock, Cyril Johnson, Cristina M. Orrico, Mark A. Moline, James F. Case
Biological Sciences
Although bioluminescence (BL) in the open ocean has been extensively studied, coastal BL remains poorly understood due, in large degree, to a lack of BL instrumentation appropriate to measure the fine-scale biological and physical complexity of the coastal regime. As a contribution toward understanding coastal BL, we developed the Multipurpose Bioluminescence Bathyphotometer (MBBP). This compact, self-contained bathyphotometer (BP) was designed to function in a variety of deployment modes, including conventional shipboard profilers, towed platforms, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and profiling moorings. In all configurations, the instrument preserves signal structure at centimeter to meter scale resolution, the scale at which higher-flow …
The Metalloprotease Of Listeria Monocytogenes Controls Cell Wall Translocation Of The Broad-Range Phospholipase C, P.S. Marie Yeung, Nicholas Zagorski, Helene Marquis
The Metalloprotease Of Listeria Monocytogenes Controls Cell Wall Translocation Of The Broad-Range Phospholipase C, P.S. Marie Yeung, Nicholas Zagorski, Helene Marquis
Biological Sciences
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacterial pathogenthat multiplies in the cytosol of host cells and spreads directlyfrom cell to cell. During cell-to-cell spread, bacteria becometemporarily confined to secondary vacuoles. The broad-rangephospholipase C (PC-PLC) of L. monocytogenes contributes tobacterial escape from secondary vacuoles. PC-PLC requires cleavageof an N-terminal propeptide for activation, and Mpl, a metalloproteaseof Listeria, is involved in the proteolytic activation of PC-PLC.Previously, we showed that cell wall translocation of PC-PLCis inefficient, resulting in accumulation of PC-PLC at the membrane-cellwall interface. In infected cells, rapid cell wall translocationof PC-PLC is triggered by a decrease in pH and correlates withcleavage …
Hunters Ring Dinner Bell For Ravens: Experimental Evidence Of A Unique Foraging Strategy, Crow White
Hunters Ring Dinner Bell For Ravens: Experimental Evidence Of A Unique Foraging Strategy, Crow White
Biological Sciences
We have long known that corvids are adaptively flexible in behavior, but have rarely tested their flexibility and creativity in solving problems outside the laboratory. Through a carefully controlled experiment conducted in the wild, I have found that Common Ravens (Corvus corax) fly toward gunshot sounds, presumably in order to locate animal gut piles left by hunters. This is the first conclusive evidence of any scavenger species pursuing gunshots. Furthermore, ravens exhibited this behavior only when gunshots were fired from within forested habitat, when the shots may be most valuable to them for locating gut piles. Interestingly, raven behaviors suggest …
An Autonomous Vehicle Approach For Quantifying Bioluminescence In Ports And Harbors, Mark A. Moline, Paul Bissett, Shelley Blackwell, James Mueller, Jeff Sevadjian, Charles Trees, Ron Zaneveld
An Autonomous Vehicle Approach For Quantifying Bioluminescence In Ports And Harbors, Mark A. Moline, Paul Bissett, Shelley Blackwell, James Mueller, Jeff Sevadjian, Charles Trees, Ron Zaneveld
Biological Sciences
Bioluminescence emitted from marine organisms upon mechanical stimulation is an obvious military interest, as it provides a low-tech method of identifying surface and subsurface vehicles and swimmer tracks. Clearly, the development of a passive method of identifying hostile ships, submarines, and swimmers, as well as the development of strategies to reduce the risk of detection by hostile forces is relevant to Naval operations and homeland security. The measurement of bioluminescence in coastal waters has only recently received attention as the platforms and sensors were not scaled for the inherent small-scale nature of nearshore environments. In addition to marine forcing, many …
Monitoring Water Transparency And Diver Visibility In Ports And Harbors Using Aircraft Hyperspectral Remote Sensing, Charles C. Trees, Paul W. Bissett, Heidi Dierssen, David D.R. Kohler, Mark A. Moline, James L. Mueller, Richard E. Pieper, Michael S. Twardowski, J. Ronald V. Zaneveld
Monitoring Water Transparency And Diver Visibility In Ports And Harbors Using Aircraft Hyperspectral Remote Sensing, Charles C. Trees, Paul W. Bissett, Heidi Dierssen, David D.R. Kohler, Mark A. Moline, James L. Mueller, Richard E. Pieper, Michael S. Twardowski, J. Ronald V. Zaneveld
Biological Sciences
Diver visibility analyses and predictions, and water transparency in general, are of significant military and commercial interest. This is especially true in our current state, where ports and harbors are vulnerable to terrorist attacks from a variety of platforms both on and below the water (swimmers, divers, AUVs, ships, submarines, etc.). Aircraft hyperspectral imagery has been previously used successfully to classify coastal bottom types and map bathymetry and it is time to transition this observational tool to harbor and port security. Hyperspectral imagery is ideally suited for monitoring small-scale features and processes in these optically complex waters, because of its …
Complete Genome Sequence Of The Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacterium Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ncfm, Eric Altermann, W. Michael Russell, M. Andrea Azcarate- Peril, Rodolphe Barrangou, B. Logan Buck, Olivia Mcauliffe, Nicole Souther, Alleson Dobson, Tri Duong, Michael Callanan, Sonja Lick, Alice Hamrick, Raul J. Cano, Todd R. Klaenhammer
Complete Genome Sequence Of The Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacterium Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ncfm, Eric Altermann, W. Michael Russell, M. Andrea Azcarate- Peril, Rodolphe Barrangou, B. Logan Buck, Olivia Mcauliffe, Nicole Souther, Alleson Dobson, Tri Duong, Michael Callanan, Sonja Lick, Alice Hamrick, Raul J. Cano, Todd R. Klaenhammer
Biological Sciences
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a probiotic bacterium that has been produced commercially since 1972. The complete genome is 1,993,564 nt and devoid of plasmids. The average GC content is 34.71% with 1,864 predicted ORFs, of which 72.5% were functionally classified. Nine phage-related integrases were predicted, but no complete prophages were found. However, three unique regions designated as potential autonomous units (PAUs) were identified. These units resemble a unique structure and bear characteristics of both plasmids and phages. Analysis of the three PAUs revealed the presence of two R/M systems and a prophage maintenance system killer protein. A spacers interspersed direct …
The Relationship Between Pelagic Larval Duration And Range Size In Tropical Reef Fishes: A Synthetic Analysis, Sarah E. Lester, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
The Relationship Between Pelagic Larval Duration And Range Size In Tropical Reef Fishes: A Synthetic Analysis, Sarah E. Lester, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
Biological Sciences
We address the conflict in earlier results regarding the relationship between dispersal potential and range size. We examine all published pelagic larval duration data for tropical reef fishes. Larval duration is a convenient surrogate for dispersal potential in marine species that are sedentary as adults and that therefore only experience significant dispersal during their larval phase. Such extensive quantitative dispersal data are only available for fishes and thus we use a unique dataset to examine the relationship between dispersal potential and range size. We find that dispersal potential and range size are positively correlated only in the largest ocean basin, …
Hybrid Xerogel Films As Novel Coatings For Antifouling And Fouling Release, Ying Tang, John A. Finlay, Gregory L. Kowalke, Anne E. Meyer, Frank V. Bright, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Callow, Dean E. Wendt, Michael R. Detty
Hybrid Xerogel Films As Novel Coatings For Antifouling And Fouling Release, Ying Tang, John A. Finlay, Gregory L. Kowalke, Anne E. Meyer, Frank V. Bright, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Callow, Dean E. Wendt, Michael R. Detty
Biological Sciences
Hybrid sol-gel-derived xerogel films prepared from 45/55 (mol ratio) n-propyltrimethoxysilane (C3-TMOS)/tetramethylorthosilane (TMOS), 2/98 (mol ratio) bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine (enTMOS)/tetraethylorthosilane (TEOS), 50/50 (mol ratio) n-octyltriethoxysilane (C8-TEOS)/TMOS, and 50/50 (mol ratio) 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (TFP-TMOS)/TMOS were found to inhibit settlement of zoospores of the marine fouling alga Ulva (syn. Enteromorpha) relative to settlement on acid-washed glass and give greater release of settled zoospores relative to glass upon exposure to pressure from a water jet. The more hydrophobic 50/50 C8-TEOS/TMOS xerogel films had the lowest critical surface tension by comprehensive contact angle analysis and gave significantly greater release of 8-day Ulva sporeling biomass after exposure to …
The Bell Family Legacies, William D. Stansfield
The Bell Family Legacies, William D. Stansfield
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Large Genome Constraint Hypothesis: Evolution, Ecology And Phenotype, Charles A. Knight, Nicole A. Molinari, Dmitri A. Petrov
The Large Genome Constraint Hypothesis: Evolution, Ecology And Phenotype, Charles A. Knight, Nicole A. Molinari, Dmitri A. Petrov
Biological Sciences
• Background and Aims If large genomes are truly saturated with unnecessary ‘junk’ DNA, it would seem natural that there would be costs associated with accumulation and replication of this excess DNA. Here we examine the available evidence to support this hypothesis, which we term the ‘large genome constraint’. We examine the large genome constraint at three scales: evolution, ecology, and the plant phenotype.
• Scope In evolution, we tested the hypothesis that plant lineages with large genomes are diversifying more slowly. We found that genera with large genomes are less likely to be highly specious – suggesting a large …
The Effects Of Resource Availability On Alternative Mating Tactics In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Gita R. Kolluru, Gregory F. Grether
The Effects Of Resource Availability On Alternative Mating Tactics In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Gita R. Kolluru, Gregory F. Grether
Biological Sciences
Food availability can influence the optimal allocation of time and energy among alternative behaviors such as foraging, courting, and competing for mates. If populations differ consistently in food availability, selection may cause geographic divergence in allocation strategies. At the opposite extreme, a norm of reaction may evolve such that food intake influences the allocation strategy of individuals in the same way in all populations. Between these two extremes, food intake reaction norms may diverge genetically among populations. For example, at sites where food is scarce, selection may strengthen the effect of food intake on behavior, whereas at sites with abundant …
Age And Growth Estimates Of The Thorny Skate (Amblyraja Radiata) In The Western Gulf Of Maine, James A. Sulikowski, Jeff Kneebone, Scott Elzey, Joe Jurek, Patrick D. Danley, William Huntting Howell, Paul C.W. Tsang
Age And Growth Estimates Of The Thorny Skate (Amblyraja Radiata) In The Western Gulf Of Maine, James A. Sulikowski, Jeff Kneebone, Scott Elzey, Joe Jurek, Patrick D. Danley, William Huntting Howell, Paul C.W. Tsang
Biological Sciences
The northwest Atlantic population of thorny skates (Amblyraja radiata) inhabits an area that ranges from Greenland and Hudson Bay, Canada, to South Carolina. Despite such a wide range, very little is known about most aspects of the biology of this species. Recent stock assessment studies in the northeast United States indicate that the biomass of the thorny skate is below the threshold levels mandated by the Sustainable Fisheries Act. In order to gain insight into the life history of this skate, we estimated age and growth for thorny skates, using vertebral band counts from 224 individuals ranging in size from …
The Reproductive Cycle Of The Thorny Skate (Amblyraid Radiata) In The Western Gulf Of Maine, James A. Sulikowski, Jeff Kneebone, Scott Elzey, Joe Jurek, Patrick D. Danley, William Huntting Howell, Paul C.W. Tsang
The Reproductive Cycle Of The Thorny Skate (Amblyraid Radiata) In The Western Gulf Of Maine, James A. Sulikowski, Jeff Kneebone, Scott Elzey, Joe Jurek, Patrick D. Danley, William Huntting Howell, Paul C.W. Tsang
Biological Sciences
The thorny skate (Amblyraja radiata) is a large species of skate that is endemic to the waters of the western north Atlantic in the Gulf of Maine. Because the biomass of thorny skates has recently declined below threshold levels mandated by the Sustainable Fisheries Act, commercial harvests from this region are prohibited. We have undertaken a comprehensive study to gain insight into the life history of this skate. The present study describes and characterizes the reproductive cycle of female and male thorny skates, based on monthly samples taken off the coast of New Hampshire, from May 2001 to May 2003. …
Integration Of Flowering Signals In Winter-Annual Arabidopsis, Scott D. Michaels, Edward Himelblau, Sang Yeol Kim, Fritz M. Schomburg, Richard M. Amasino
Integration Of Flowering Signals In Winter-Annual Arabidopsis, Scott D. Michaels, Edward Himelblau, Sang Yeol Kim, Fritz M. Schomburg, Richard M. Amasino
Biological Sciences
Photoperiod is the primary environmental factor affecting flowering time in rapid-cycling accessions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Winter-annual Arabidopsis, in contrast, have both a photoperiod and a vernalization requirement for rapid flowering. In winter annuals, high levels of the floral inhibitor FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) suppress flowering prior to vernalization. FLC acts to delay flowering, in part, by suppressing expression of the floral promoter SOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1). Vernalization leads to a permanent epigenetic suppression of FLC. To investigate how winter-annual accessions integrate signals from the photoperiod and vernalization pathways, we have …
Correct Author Citation For Cirsium Eatonii Var. Eriocephalum (Asteraceae: Cardueae), David J. Keil
Correct Author Citation For Cirsium Eatonii Var. Eriocephalum (Asteraceae: Cardueae), David J. Keil
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Relationship Between Habitat Distribution, Growth Rate, And Plasticity In Congeneric Larval Dragonflies, S. J. Mccauley
Relationship Between Habitat Distribution, Growth Rate, And Plasticity In Congeneric Larval Dragonflies, S. J. Mccauley
Biological Sciences
The relationship between habitat distribution, growth rate, and plasticity was examined in the larvae of three species of dragonfly in the genus Libellula L., 1758. Growth rates were compared under three conditions: in the absence of predation risk, in the presence of sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819; Pisciformes: Centrachidae), and in the presence of invertebrate predators. I assessed how the habitat distributions of the three species of dragonfly, specifically how commonly they occur with fish, were related to growth rates and to the level of growth plasticity under different levels of perceived predation risk. There was a negative relationship …