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Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis
Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, commonly called "mad cow disease" by members of the media, found its way into the United States and was diagnosed in December, 2003, in a Holstein dairy cow of Canadian origin. A significant disruption to the beef cattle industry immediately followed the announcement of this finding; within a matter of weeks, however, a degree of normalcy began to return to the industry. When consumers and cattle producers alike learned of the extensive firewall system that had been put in place years earlier by the USDA and the FDA to reduce the likelihood of entry of this disease …
Short-Term Progestin Estrus Synchronization With Timed Insemination For Beef Heifers: Cidr Vs. Mga, A.W. Thompson, D.R. Eborn, L.D. Keenan, David M. Grieger
Short-Term Progestin Estrus Synchronization With Timed Insemination For Beef Heifers: Cidr Vs. Mga, A.W. Thompson, D.R. Eborn, L.D. Keenan, David M. Grieger
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Recently, a new product, Eazi-Breed CIDR (a vaginal insert containing progesterone), was approved for estrus synchronization in beef heifers. In previous studies the CIDR has produced excellent estrus synchrony, but it is more costly than the commonly used progestin, melengestrol acetate (MGA). Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the CIDR to MGA in a shorter-term timed breeding program. Seventy-seven commercial beef replacement heifers were assigned to one of two treatments, CIDR (n=38) or MGA (n=39). Each heifer in the CIDR treatment group received a CIDR on day 1, which was removed on day 7. The MGA treatment …
Plasma Metabolites Of Receiving Heifers And The Relationship Between Bovine Respiratory Disease, Weight Gain, And Carcass Characteristics, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard
Plasma Metabolites Of Receiving Heifers And The Relationship Between Bovine Respiratory Disease, Weight Gain, And Carcass Characteristics, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Six hundred sixty-five crossbred beef heifers initially weighing 495 lb were used to evaluate rectal temperature and plasma glucose, lactate, and urea nitrogen at initial processing as indicators of health status of newly arrived receiving cattle. We also evaluated the relationship between bovine respiratory disease (BRD), weight gain, and carcass characteristics. An increased number of treatments for BRD was associated with lower (linear, P<0.01) plasma glucose and lactate concentrations at initial processing. Elevated rectal temperatures at initial processing were associated with a greater number of treatments for BRD (linear, P<0.03). Initial body weight, final body weight, and average daily gain during the receiving period were progressively less (linear, P<0.01) as the number of treatments for BRD increased, whereas grazing-period gain was progressively greater with more frequent treatment for BRD during the receiving period (linear, P<0.01). Finishing-period gain, final body weight, hot carcass weight, fat thickness, and marbling score were linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increased treatmentfor BRD during the receiving period. These data suggest that initial plasma glucose and lactate concentrations might be associated with the health of newly arrived receiving cattle and that increased incidence of BRD in cattle is associated with lower weight gain and carcass quality.
Effects Of Early Weaning On Performance Of Cow/Calf Pairs, E.A. Koch, J.A. Christopher, T.T. Marston, Ryan M. Breiner, John A. Unruh
Effects Of Early Weaning On Performance Of Cow/Calf Pairs, E.A. Koch, J.A. Christopher, T.T. Marston, Ryan M. Breiner, John A. Unruh
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Commercial cow/calf pairs (Angus based, n=103) were used to determine the effect of calf weaning age on cow body weight and body condition score (scale=1 to 9) and calf performance in terms of subcutaneous fat and marbling deposition. Only cows with male progeny (steers, n=52; bulls, n=51) were used in this study. Treatments were: 1) early-weaned bulls, 2) early-weaned steers, 3) traditionally weaned bulls, and 4) traditionally weaned steers. Cow/calf pairs grazed pastures at four different locations. Calving began February 1, 2003, and ended in early April. In the early-weaned treatment group, calves were weaned June 25, with an average …
Estrus Synchronization Of Suckled Beef Cows By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study, J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, T.W. Marston, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, F.N. Schrick
Estrus Synchronization Of Suckled Beef Cows By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study, J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, T.W. Marston, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, F.N. Schrick
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our objectives were to determine whether a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocol could yield pregnancy rates similar to a protocol requiring detection of estrus and whether inclusion of a CIDR (a vaginal insert containing progesterone) in protocols using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2α(PGF) would enhance fertility. Postpartum suckled beef cows (n = 2,630) from 14 locations were assigned randomly to each of five estrus-synchronization protocols using PGF with GnRH and(or) a CIDR. Protocols were Control, CO-Synch, COSynch+ CIDR, Hybrid-Synch, and Hybrid-Synch+CIDR. The percentage of cows cycling at the initiation of estrus synchronization was 66.8%, the percentage of cycling cows …
Addition Of Estradiol Cypionate And (Or) Calf Removal To A Modified Mga + Co-Synch Protocol For Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Of Beef Cows, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Addition Of Estradiol Cypionate And (Or) Calf Removal To A Modified Mga + Co-Synch Protocol For Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Of Beef Cows, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A study was conducted in 735 suckled beef cows to determine if synchronization of ovulation could be improved with estradiol cypionate (ECP) and(or) 48-hour calf removal in a modified MGA + CO-Synch protocol. All cows were fed melengestrol acetate (MGA) (0.5 mg/cow) daily for 14 days (days -32 to - 19 of the experiment) and received an injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on d -7, an injection of prostaglandin F2α(PGF) on day 0, and received a fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) at 72 hours after PGF. Treatments were applied in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Calves either remained with cows …
Grazing Cattle On Winter Cereal Pasture On The Sandy Soils Of South-Central Kansas, Victor L. Martin, R. Hale
Grazing Cattle On Winter Cereal Pasture On The Sandy Soils Of South-Central Kansas, Victor L. Martin, R. Hale
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Rye, wheat, and triticale pasture were evaluated during the winters of 2000-01, 2001-02, and 2002-03 for their ability to increase cattle weight from late fall through mid-spring. Large-scale studies were conducted on two 80-acre sites divided into either 25- or 40-acre pastures. Cattle at these sites were stocked at one head per acre, with an average initial weight between 500 and 550 lb. At the Sandyland Experiment Field, small-scale studies were conducted by using the same winter cereals for forage, but at greater stocking rates, ranging from two to three head per acre. Supplemental feeding, as necessary, included summer annual …
In Vitro Evaluation Of Fibrolytic Enzymes To Increase Digestion Of Fibrous Feedstuffs, E.A. Elwakeel, B.J. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
In Vitro Evaluation Of Fibrolytic Enzymes To Increase Digestion Of Fibrous Feedstuffs, E.A. Elwakeel, B.J. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fermentations were conducted to identify enzyme activities and amounts that would optimize digestion of high-fiber feed ingredients (soybean hulls, alfalfa, corn silage, and corn gluten feed). In general, adding enzymes increased in vitro dry matter disappearance, but total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not improved by enzyme treatments. The response to enzymes was similar across substrate, suggesting that substrate specificity of the enzymes is not important. The most effective enzyme preparation had greater cellulase activity than the other enzyme preparations, suggesting that cellulase might be the most important enzymatic activity for improving digestion of fibrous feedstuffs.
Effects Of Round Bale Feeding Sites On Soil Fecal Bacteria And Nutrient Concentrations, N.A. Lenehan, T.T. Marston, Michael L. Christian, G.L. Marchin, Joel M. Derouchey
Effects Of Round Bale Feeding Sites On Soil Fecal Bacteria And Nutrient Concentrations, N.A. Lenehan, T.T. Marston, Michael L. Christian, G.L. Marchin, Joel M. Derouchey
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
An experiment was conducted over seven months (January to July 2003) to evaluate fecal bacteria and nutrient concentrations in soil surrounding round bale feeders at winter feeding sites. Six-inch soil samples were taken each month from a total of ten feeding sites, at distances of 10, 40, 70, and 100 feet from each feeder. Soil samples were taken before (January) livestock access to the sites, during (February, March, and April) the feeding period, and after (May, June, and July) cattle had been removed from the sites. Results indicate that fecal bacteria concentrations increased over the duration of feeding period and …
Effect Of Castration Time On Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Beef Tenderness, J.W. Homm, T.T. Marston, J.R. Brethour, John A. Unruh
Effect Of Castration Time On Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Beef Tenderness, J.W. Homm, T.T. Marston, J.R. Brethour, John A. Unruh
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Crossbred Angus calves (n=120) were randomly assigned to early-castrated, early-castrated plus implant, and late-castrated treatment groups. After weaning, calves were placed on feed at the Western Kansas Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Station in Hays, Kansas, for finishing. On-feed weights and final weights were similar among treatments. During the first 132 days on feed, the steers castrated early and implanted had a lower average daily gain than early- and late-castration treatments. Early castrates tended (P=0.08) to have a lower feed-to-gain ratio for the first 132 days on feed. Hot carcass weight, internal fat, and marbling scores were not affected …
Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Serially Slaughtered Finishing Heifers, R.L. Hale, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston
Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Serially Slaughtered Finishing Heifers, R.L. Hale, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two experiments were conducted at the KSU Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Center, Hays, Kansas, to measure feedlot gain and carcass traits of serially slaughtered, yearling crossbred heifers. In Exp. 1, 159 heifers averaging 792 lbs were randomly assigned to one of four slaughter groups, and slaughtered at 21-day intervals beginning at 92 days on feed. In Exp. 2, 181 heifers averaging 759 lbs were randomly assigned to one of four slaughter groups, and slaughtered at intervals of 19, 23 and 21 day, respectively, starting at 127 days. In both experiments, final weight, gain, and carcass weight increased with …
Effect Of Freezing The Beef Longissimus Muscle On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, J.W. Homm, John A. Unruh
Effect Of Freezing The Beef Longissimus Muscle On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, J.W. Homm, John A. Unruh
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Seventy-two ribeye rolls (IMPS 112) were used to compare Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) from fresh steaks and previously frozen steaks. Ribeye rolls were aged (32ºF) in vacuum-packaged bags for 14 days postmortem and fabricated into 1-inch thick longissimus muscle (ribeye) steaks. Steaks from each ribeye roll were either cooked fresh (158ºF) or stored at -20ºF before they were thawed and cooked for WBSF determination. Sensory panel determinations were also conducted on steaks stored frozen before cooking. Previously frozen steaks had lesser WBSF values (were more tender) than fresh (not previously frozen) steaks. Sensory panel attributes of myofibrillar tenderness, connective tissue …
Effects Of Route Of Administration Of A Commercially Available Mannheimia (Pasteurella) Haemolytica Vaccine On Titer Levels, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, Gerald L. Stokka, Larry C. Hollis
Effects Of Route Of Administration Of A Commercially Available Mannheimia (Pasteurella) Haemolytica Vaccine On Titer Levels, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, Gerald L. Stokka, Larry C. Hollis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred thirteen Hereford x Angus heifer calves (average weight = 515 lb) were allotted to one of three treatments: 1) control, no vaccine; 2) a 2-cc subcutaneous injection of One-Shot® (Pfizer Animal Health), a Mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica vaccine, three weeks before weaning; or 3) a ½-cc intradermal injection of One-Shot, three weeks before weaning. All heifers were weighed and blood samples harvested at time of injection, three weeks later at weaning, and then 28 days later. After weaning, heifers were confined to a common pen and fed free-choice brome hay and approximately 5 lb/head daily of a concentrate. Blood …
Evaluation Of Expresstm 5-Phm And Titanium® 5-Phm Bac®-1 On High-Risk Receiving Steers, M.P. Epp, Larry C. Hollis, B.B. Barnhardt, Dale A. Blasi
Evaluation Of Expresstm 5-Phm And Titanium® 5-Phm Bac®-1 On High-Risk Receiving Steers, M.P. Epp, Larry C. Hollis, B.B. Barnhardt, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One backgrounding field study was conducted at two locations to compare the health and performance of high-risk receiving steers given an ExpressTM 5-Pasteurella Haemolytica- Multocida (PHM) vaccine or a Titanium® 5-PHM Bac®-1 vaccine. At one location, calves given the Titanium 5-PHM vaccination had fewer first and second repulls (P<0.05). At the other location, calves given the Express 5-PHM vaccination had fewer initial pulls for respiratory disease and more hospital pen days at initial pull (P<0.05) than those given Titanium 5-PHM. No differences were measured at either location for mortality and average daily gain.
Effect Of Corn Endosperm Type And Corn Containing The Cry1f Protein On Performance Of Beef Heifers Fed Finishing Diets Based On Steam-Flaked Corn, J.J. Sindt, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, Sean P. Montgomery, F.N. Owens, James S. Drouillard
Effect Of Corn Endosperm Type And Corn Containing The Cry1f Protein On Performance Of Beef Heifers Fed Finishing Diets Based On Steam-Flaked Corn, J.J. Sindt, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, Sean P. Montgomery, F.N. Owens, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eighty beef heifers (initial body weight = 795 ± 18 lb) were individually fed finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn for 118 days. Dietary treatments consisted of corn hybrids containing vitreous (HARD), opaque (SOFT), or intermediate (INT) types of corn endosperm. Within the HARD endosperm type, a transgenic hybrid (HARD-GMO) containing the Herculex I Cry1F protein was compared with its nontransgenic, conventional (HARDCONV) counterpart. Dry matter intake, average daily gain, and gain efficiencies were similar among treatments. Likewise, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and ribeye area were unaffected by dietary treatment. Heifers fed HARD-CONV were fatter than heifers fed HARD-GMO, …
Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Steers Implanted With Component Te-S Or Component Te-S With Tylan, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, R.T. Botts, P.T. Anderson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard
Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Steers Implanted With Component Te-S Or Component Te-S With Tylan, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, R.T. Botts, P.T. Anderson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Component TE-S and Component TE-S with Tylan growth-promoting implants were compared in an experiment conducted at a commercial feedlot operation (Ward Feed Yard; Larned, Kansas) to evaluate effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred steers (n=1843; 827 lb body weight) were implanted with either Component TE-S or Component TE-S with Tylan and were fed a finishing ration based on steam-flaked corn for an average of 116 days before slaughter. Cattle were assigned randomly to the implant treatments at processing and were allotted to 12 pens, containing an average of 154 steers each. No differences were detected in dry matter …
Influence Of Fall Protein Supplementation With A Self-Fed Liquid Supplement On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Tallgrass Prairie Range, Donald A. Llewellyn, B.T. Gray, T.T. Marston, C.A. Bandyk
Influence Of Fall Protein Supplementation With A Self-Fed Liquid Supplement On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Tallgrass Prairie Range, Donald A. Llewellyn, B.T. Gray, T.T. Marston, C.A. Bandyk
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated the effect of providing a liquid, high-protein supplement during the fall grazing period on beef cow and calf performance. Mature, pregnant, spring-calving cows (n=122) grazing native range were assigned to supplementation treatments. All calves were weaned on October 15. Control cows received no fall supplementation and then were handfed a dry supplement (40% crude protein; as fed basis) from December 17 until calving. Supplemented cows were either allowed access to a liquid protein supplement (40% crude protein; as-fed basis) approximately 2 months before weaning until calving (fall supplementation from August 14 to December 17) or from weaning until …
Effects Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Propionibacterium Freudenreichii On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Cattle, M.A. Greenquist, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Propionibacterium Freudenreichii On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Cattle, M.A. Greenquist, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
There have been contradicting reports of the efficacy of direct-fed microbials in finishing cattle diets. Some researchers have observed improvements in daily gain and feed efficiency when direct-fed microbials are included in finishing diets, whereas others have reported no differences in dry matter intake or ruminal and blood pH. Many of these studies have been conducted on a relatively small scale and used few animals per pen compared with that of typical commercial feedlot operations. In our study, yearling crossbred beef steers and heifers (n=3,539; 796 lb body weight) were used in an experiment conducted at a commercial feedlot operation …
Endpoint Temperature, Cooking Method, And Marbling Degree Have Different Effects On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Of Beef Strip Loin, Bottom Round, And Brisket Muscles, E. Obuz, J.W. Stephens, J.P. Grobbel, T.M. Loughin, Michael E. Dikeman
Endpoint Temperature, Cooking Method, And Marbling Degree Have Different Effects On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Of Beef Strip Loin, Bottom Round, And Brisket Muscles, E. Obuz, J.W. Stephens, J.P. Grobbel, T.M. Loughin, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our objective was to determine the effects of endpoint temperature, cooking method, and marbling on Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF; an objective method for determining tenderness) of three beef muscles. Eighteen subprimals of a muscle containing low content of connective tissue, longissimus lumborum (strip loin), and two muscles containing a high content of connective tissue, biceps femoris (bottom round) and deep pectoralis (brisket), were selected from USDA Select and Choice (Certified Angus Beef) carcasses. After 14 days of aging, subprimals were frozen, fabricated into steaks, and stored frozen until cooking. Steaks were assigned to one of two cooking methods, the Magikitch'n® …
Relationship Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Trained Sensory Panel Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks Cooked To 131 And 158°F, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman
Relationship Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Trained Sensory Panel Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks Cooked To 131 And 158°F, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In a previous study, eighteen strip loins from USDA Select and premium Choice carcasses were cooked on a Magikitch'n® belt grill to determine tenderness at nine different endpoint temperatures. That study revealed that optimum Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values occurred in strip loin steaks cooked to 131°F, but current WBSF protocol requires steaks to be cooked to 158°F. Therefore, trials employing trained sensory panels (TSP) were conducted to determine the relationship of WBSF with TSP tenderness from steaks cooked to 131 and 158°F on the belt grill. As expected, panelists found steaks cooked to 131°F more tender than those cooked …
Changes In Breeding Soundness Evaluation During A Breeding Season, A.W. Thompson, T.T. Marston, M. Sanderson, P. Chenoweth
Changes In Breeding Soundness Evaluation During A Breeding Season, A.W. Thompson, T.T. Marston, M. Sanderson, P. Chenoweth
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Breeding-soundness evaluations are a common tool in the beef industry to test a bull's potential fertility. These evaluations place a bull into one of three categories: satisfactory, unsatisfactory, or deferred. These categories only refer to the bull at a specific time, and his status can and will change over time. The purpose of this report is to explain and demonstrate the changes in a bull's breeding- soundness evaluations during a breeding season.
Evaluation Of Nitrogen Availability In Liquid Feedstuffs, E.A. Elwakeel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Evaluation Of Nitrogen Availability In Liquid Feedstuffs, E.A. Elwakeel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We developed an in vitro assay to assess ruminal availability of protein in liquid feeds containing soluble protein/nitrogen. Microbial mass accumulating as a result of assimilation of dietary nitrogen by ruminal microbes during an in vitro fermentation is measured. In the assay, microbial growth is most limited by the availability of protein/nitrogen, so microbial mass is proportional to the amount of available nitrogen in the sample. In liquid feeds that we generated in the laboratory, ruminal nitrogen availability decreased in response to mild heating, and the decline was greater for feedstuffs containing true protein rather than urea. Addition of salt …
Effects Of Ammonia Load On Amino Acid Utilization By Growing Steers, M.S. Awawdeh, K.C. Mccuistion, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effects Of Ammonia Load On Amino Acid Utilization By Growing Steers, M.S. Awawdeh, K.C. Mccuistion, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ruminally cannulated steers were used in two experiments to study effects of rumen ammonia load on methionine and leucine utilization. All steers were limit-fed a diet based on soybean hulls, received ruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids and abomasal infusions of glucose to provide energy, and received an abomasal infusion containing a mixture of all essential amino acids except methionine in Exp. 1 or leucine in Exp. 2. Treatments were arranged as 3 x 2 factorials and included urea (0, 40, or 80 g/day) infused ruminally and methionine (2 or 5 g/day) infused abomasally in Exp. 1 and leucine (0, …
Failure To Eliminate The Carrier State Of Anaplasma Marginale By Using Long-Acting Injectable Oxytetracycline, D. Gnad, T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, G. Palmer, Larry C. Hollis
Failure To Eliminate The Carrier State Of Anaplasma Marginale By Using Long-Acting Injectable Oxytetracycline, D. Gnad, T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, G. Palmer, Larry C. Hollis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Thirty-four Anaplasma marginale seropositive cows from a herd of 236 were allocated to treatments: 5 animals served as untreated controls, and 29 animals were treated with three injections of long-acting oxytetracycline at three-day intervals. Fourteen days after initiation of treatment, 100% of control cows and 89% of treated cows were found to have Anaplasma marginale present. Seventyfour days after initiation of treatment, 100% of control cows and 86% of treated cows were found to have Anaplasma marginale present. Use of injectable long-acting oxytetracycline was not effective in eliminating the carrier state of Anaplasma marginale from infected animals.
Effects Of Energy Level On Methionine Utilization By Growing Steers, G.F. Schroeder, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effects Of Energy Level On Methionine Utilization By Growing Steers, G.F. Schroeder, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of energy level on amino acid utilization in growing steers. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (503 lb) were limit-fed (6.2 lb/day dry matter) a diet based on soybean hulls (83%), wheat straw (7.6%), and cane molasses (4.1%). The treatments consisted of the infusion of two methionine levels (0 or 3 g/d) and three energy levels (0, 1.3, or 2.6 Mcal ME/day) in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Energy was supplied through ruminal infusion of acetate, propionate, and butyrate and through abomasal infusion of glucose and fat in increasing amounts. …
Estrus Synchronization Of Replacement Beef Heifers By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study, J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, T.W. Geary, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, D.G. Landblom, D. Whittier
Estrus Synchronization Of Replacement Beef Heifers By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study, J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, T.W. Geary, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, D.G. Landblom, D. Whittier
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our objectives were to determine whether a fixed-timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol could yield similar fertility rates to a protocol requiring detection of estrus and whether an injection of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) at CIDR (vaginal insert containing progesterone) insertion enhances pregnancy rates. Replacement beef heifers (n=2,077) from 12 locations were assigned randomly to each of four estrussynchronization protocols. All heifers received a CIDR for 7 days, and an injection of prostaglandin F2α(PGF) on the day of CIDR removal. For treatment EAI, heifers were observed for estrus for 84 hours after PGF administration and were inseminated 6 to 12 hours …
Comparison Of Bovine Transfer Factor And Micotil®: Effects On Health And Performance Of Receiving Heifers, Sean P. Montgomery, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard
Comparison Of Bovine Transfer Factor And Micotil®: Effects On Health And Performance Of Receiving Heifers, Sean P. Montgomery, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Transfer factors are antigen-specific products of T lymphocytes that are capable of transferring delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity. We evaluated bovine transfer factor (TF) for use in receiving cattle. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 665) initially weighing 495 lb were used to determine the effects of TF on the health and performance of beef cattle during a 36-day receiving period. Heifers were processed within 24 hours after arrival. Treatments were subcutaneous injection with 1.5 ml of Micotil®/100 lb of body weight or oral administration of 700 mg of TF isolated from bovine colostrum. Heifers given TF during initial processing received …
Near Infrared Spectroscopy As A Potential Method To Detect Bovine Respiratory Disease, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire
Near Infrared Spectroscopy As A Potential Method To Detect Bovine Respiratory Disease, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Bovine respiratory disease continues to be the leading cause of illness and death loss from weaning through finishing. There is no objective method to evaluate a live animal's severity of sickness or their response to treatment. A pilot study was conducted at a commercial feedyard to evaluate the ability of near infrared spectroscopy to differentiate between cattle identified as healthy and those identified as having undifferentiated Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD). At processing, 215 randomly selected 900 lb heifers were evaluated to determine tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) levels. Mean ranks of the StO2 values were 176.86 ± 5.50. One hundred cattle …
Night Feeding To Reduce Bird Predation In Feedlots, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee
Night Feeding To Reduce Bird Predation In Feedlots, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
During times of heavy infestations by birds, feedlots can have 25 to 30% increases in feed usage, thereby resulting in large economic losses. Because starlings, blackbirds, grackles, and other avian pests normally feed during daylight hours, we hypothesized that feeding cattle at night would minimize feed contamination and feed loss due to bird infestation. Crossbred beef heifers (n=96; 770 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of feeding at night on performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were fed for 107 days during the months of November to March, when large bird populations were observed. Feed was delivered once daily at …
Steroid Hormone Profiles And Brain Monoamine Oxidase Type A (Mao-A) Activity Of Buller Steers, M.P. Epp, Dale A. Blasi, B.J. Johnson, J.P. Kayser, David M. Grieger
Steroid Hormone Profiles And Brain Monoamine Oxidase Type A (Mao-A) Activity Of Buller Steers, M.P. Epp, Dale A. Blasi, B.J. Johnson, J.P. Kayser, David M. Grieger
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A grazing/feedlot field study was conducted to evaluate the steroid hormone profile and brain monoamine oxidase type A (MAOA) activity of steers exhibiting characteristics attributed to the Buller Steer Syndrome in a feedlot environment. Differences of serum progesterone, testosterone, and estrogen were found in bullers at different phases of production. Brain MAO-A activity was greater in bullers than in non-bulling steers. This study suggests that MAO-A activity, under potential influence of steroidal hormones in the steer brain, may be a plausible mechanism that induces Buller Steer Syndrome.