Life Sciences Commons^™

Tolerance Of The Fetus By The Maternal Immune System: Role Of Inflammatory Mediators At The Feto-Maternal Interface, Colette Kanellopoulos-Langevin, Stephane M. Caucheteux, Philippe Verbeke, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The adaptive immune system of placental mammals has evolved to tolerate the fetus. Rejection of the fetus by adaptive immune responses is therefore a rare event, with abortion being caused more frequently by inflammation in the placenta. This review will cover recent aspects of immune privilege and the innate immune system at the feto-maternal interface, citing examples of the role played by microbial infections in fetal demise.

Cd43 Modulates Severity And Onset Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Thandi M. Onami, M. L. Ford, A. Sperling, R. Ahmed, B. D. Evavold

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis characterized by infiltration of activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes into tissues of the CNS. This study investigated the role of CD43 in the induction and progression of EAE. Results demonstrate that CD43-deficient mice have reduced and delayed clinical and histological disease severity relative to CD43(+/+) mice. This reduction was characterized by decreased CD4(+) T cell infiltration of the CNS of CD43(-/-) mice but similar numbers of Ag-specific T cells in the periphery, suggesting a defect in T cell trafficking to the CNS. The absence of CD43 also affected cytokine production, …

Cd43 Modulates Severity And Onset Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Thandi M. Onami, M. L. Ford, A. Sperling, R. Ahmed, B. D. Evavold

Thandi M. Onami

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis characterized by infiltration of activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes into tissues of the CNS. This study investigated the role of CD43 in the induction and progression of EAE. Results demonstrate that CD43-deficient mice have reduced and delayed clinical and histological disease severity relative to CD43(+/+) mice. This reduction was characterized by decreased CD4(+) T cell infiltration of the CNS of CD43(-/-) mice but similar numbers of Ag-specific T cells in the periphery, suggesting a defect in T cell trafficking to the CNS. The absence of CD43 also affected cytokine production, …

Presidential Address: Flavor Buds And Other Delights, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Presidential address at the 78th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, August 2, 2003, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, by Robin M. Overtsreet.

A New Species Of Mathevotaenia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) And Other Tapeworms From Marsupials In Argentina, Scott Lyell Gardner, Mariel L. Campbell, Graciela T. Navone

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Cestodes are reported from Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840 and Micoureus cinereus Temminck, 1824 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in Argentina. These include a new species of Mathevotaenia Akhumyan, 1946 (Cestoda: Anoplocephalata) as well as M. bivittata (Janicki, 1904) and an unknown hymenolepidid cestode. Mathevotaenia argentinensis n. sp. is characterized by a relatively narrow strobila, 18–37 mm in total length and 1.0–1.5 mm in maximum width, 135–163 craspedote proglottids, 19–27 testes, and a muscular genital atrium. This species differs from M. didelphidis (Rudolphi, 1819) in the disposition of the genital ducts between the excretory canals and in the entrance of the vagina into the …

Molecular Phylogeny Of Haematoloechus Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae), With Emphasis On North American Species, Daniel R. Brooks, Virginia León-Règagnon

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Phylogenetic hypothesis of 23 populations corresponding to 18 species of the digenean Haematoloechus from America, Europe, and Africa, based on ribosomal DNA 28S partial sequences (~890 bp), is presented. Genetic divergence between the in-group and the out-groups ranged from 9.7 to 14.5% and within the in-group, from 0.9 to 12.2%. Eight most parsimonious trees 569 steps long were obtained, with a consistency index of 72%. Groups in the tree are not congruent with those in previous classification schemes of species in the genus, based on a small number of morphological characters. For this subset of Haematoloechus,/i> species, plesiomorphic hosts are …

Acceptance Of The Clark P. Read Mentor Award: The Teague Self Lessons, John J. Janovy Jr.

John Janovy Publications

The transcript of John J. Janovy Jr.'s speech upon acceptance of the American Society of Parasitologists' Clark P. Read Mentor Award, 2003.

Lessons From A Quiet Classic, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Parasitology has a rich tradition of studies linking taxonomy, ecology, and life cycles and development. This tradition has produced an enormous amount of empirical evidence demonstrating that parasites form highly integrated reproductive-developmental-ecological systems that are highly persistent through space and time. As well, phylogenetic studies of parasites, especially of parasitic platyhelminths, represent 1 of the most progressive areas of systematic biology. Consequently, parasitologists should be at the forefront of research in evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) and integrative biology, and parasite systems should be model systems of choice for those research programs. Species of the digenean, Alloglossidium, provide a superb …

First Report Of A Species Of Folliculovarium Gu & Shen, 1983 (Bucephalidae: Prosorhynchinae) From European Marine Waters, With The Description Of F. Mediterraneum N. Sp., Pierre Bartoli, Robin M. Overstreet, David I. Gibson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Folliculovarium mediterraneum n. sp. is described and figured in detail from the intestine of the Mediterranean moray eel Muraena helena (Muraenidae) in the Scandola Nature Reserve, off Corsica in the western Mediterranean. This new species closely resembles F. gymnothoracis Gu & Shen, 1983 and F. xishaense Gu & Shen, 1983 from marine fishes off China, but it may differ from both in not having specialized circum-rynchal spines. It differs from the former by having slightly larger eggs and a longer esophagus, and from F. xishaense by having tegumental spines, a longer esophagus, and a nonrelated host (an eel rather than …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 25, No. 3, Autumn 2003, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Taxonomic Revision Of Rhinebothroides (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae), Parasites Of Neotropical Freshwater Stingrays (Rajiformes: Myliobatoidei: Potamotrygonidae), Fernando P.L. Marques, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Extensive new collections of specimens of Rhinebothroides spp. from a wide range of Neotropical freshwater potamotrygonid stingrays in numerous localities permitted critical evaluation of the validity of the 7 nominal species in the genus. Some qualitative characters previously used in the taxonomy of this group are highly variable within and among populations, and most morphometric and meristic characters thought to have taxonomic value for this group overlapped among several previously defined nominal species. Characters that were consistent throughout populations and that clearly define morphotypes supported recognition of four species: R. freitasi (syn. R. circularisi and R. venezuelensis), R. glandularis …

A New Species Of Syncuaria Gilbert, 1927 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea: Acuariidae) In The Wood Stork, Mycteria Americana L. (Aves: Ciconiiformes: Ciconiidae) From The Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, Luping Zhang, Daniel R. Brooks, Douglas Causey

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Syncuaria mycteriae n. sp. (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) was collected under the lining of the gizzard of a wood stork, Mycteria americana L., from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The new species can be distinguished from all known species of Syncuaria by having irregular dotted ornamentations on the caudal alae of males, a complex distal end of the left spicule comprising three protuberances, and a spicule ratio of 1:9.3. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of 11 Syncuaria spp. based on 9 morphological characters produced two equally parsimonious cladograms with a consistency index of 85%, differing only in the placement of S. hargilae …

Two Species Of Acuaria Bremser, 1811 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea: Acuariidae) In Passerine Birds From The Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, Luping Zhang, Daniel R. Brooks, Douglas Causey

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Two species of Acuaria were collected from passerine birds from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Acuaria mayori Lent, Freitas and Proenca, 1945, was collected from Myiarchus nuttingi. Specimens from Costa Rica differ from the original description by having a spicule ratio of 1:1.5-1.7 versus 1:1.43-1.47, as well as shorter spicules and female tails. Acuaria wangi n. sp. in Hylophylax naevioides and Gymnopithys leucaspis resembles A. alii, A. crami, A. cyanocitta, A. minuta, A. pattoni, and A. cissae by having cordons extending posteriorly to the anterior portion of the glandular esophagus. The …

The Benefits Of Breastfeeding: An Introduction For Health Educators, Sheila G. J. Clark, Timothy J. Bungum

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Currently 16% of Americans breastfeed their children for at least 12 months as recommended by the AAP, which is well below the HP 2010 goal of 25%. Breastfed infants receive benefits that can improve their health throughout their lives. The benefits of breastfeeding for children include increased resistance to infectious diseases, such as gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infections, and ear infections. Breastfed children also display lower rates of chronic diseases including diabetes, obesity, asthma, and leukemia. The choice to breastfeed results in economic benefits from lower health care costs and from reduced spending on infant formula. The Healthy People 2010 targets …

Aspidoderid Nematodes From Bolivian Armadillos, With The Description Of A New Species Of Lauroia (Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae), Scott Lyell Gardner, F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

One nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) and 1 yellow armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus) were necropsied in the field during an expedition to collect parasites of mammals in Bolivia. A total of 205 Aspidodera binansata Railliet and Henry, 1913 (Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae), and 40 specimens of Lauroia bolivari n. sp. (Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae) were recovered from the cecum and large intestines of D. novemcinctus and E. sexcinctus. Aspidodera esperanzae Fujita et al., 1995, is proposed as a junior synonym of A. binansata based on the structure of the cordons on the hood. Lauroia bolivari n. sp. has an undercut cephalic …

Review Of The Earth's Biosphere: Evolution, Dynamics, And Change By Vaclav Smil (Mit Press, 2002), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Review of The Earth's Biosphere: Evolution, Dynamics, and Change by Vaclav Smil (MIT Press, 2002).

Sheep Updates 2003 - Husbandry, Paul Barrett, Kevin Bell, J Greeff, L. Butler, S. Brown, K. Hart, A. Gray, John Karlsson, Paula Coombe, Ron Mctarrart, David Scobie, Sandy White

Sheep Updates

This session covers seven papers from different authors:1. Setting up a successful, low input feedlot Paul Barrett, ‘Bimberdong’ Jerramungup 2. Effective mineral supplementation of sheep Kevin Bell, Sheep Management and Production Consultants, Kojonup, WA 3. Genetic benchmarking for WA sheep producers J. Greeff, L. Butler, S. Brown, K. Hart and A. Gray Department of Agriculture Western Australia 4. Does selecting sheep for low WEC reduce scouring? John Karlsson, Johan Greeff and Paula Coombe, Department of Agriculture Western Australia 5. Summer quarters for sheep - stubbles Ron McTaggart, Department of Agriculture Western Australia, Albany 6. Thinking about breeding Easy Care Sheep? …

Sheep Updates 2003 - Plenaries, Ashley Mercy, David Scobie, Neil Buchanan, Kevin Bell, John Milton, Graeme Martin, Bob Hall, Maurie Stephen, Rob Woodgate

Sheep Updates

This session covers eight papers from different authors:1. Biosecurity in the sheep industry will improve production and profits Ashley Mercy, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia 2. Easy care sheep David Scobie, AgResearch, PO Box 60 Lincoln, 8152, New Zealand 3. Targeting the market’s requirements - live sheep exports Neil Buchanan, Manager Animal Health Operations, Primary Industries & Resources, South Australia 4. Setting flock breeding objectives Kevin Bell, Sheep Management and Production Consultants, Kojonup WA 5. Future feeding of sheep in Western Australia John Milton and Graeme Martin, The University of Western Australia 6. Recipe for getting back into Sheep Bob …

Whallwachsia Illuminata N. Gen., N. Sp. (Trematoda: Digenea: Plagiorchiformes: Prosthogonimidae) In The Steely-Vented Hummingbird Amazilia Saucerrottei (Aves: Apodiformes: Trochilidae) And The Yellow-Olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias Sulphurescens (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyraninidae) From The Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks, Douglas Causey

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A new species of digenean found in the intestines of the steely-vented hummingbird Amazilia saucerrottei and the yellow-olive flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, resembles members of the Prosthogonimidae in having a highly lobate ovary; an elongate cirrus sac containing the cirrus, pars prostatica, and internal seminal vesicle; no external seminal vesicle; two fields of extracecal vitelline follicles restricted to the area between the intestinal bifurcation and testes; and uterine loops occupying all available space in the hind body. The new species differs from all other members of the family in having genital pores …

Bakkeius Moragai N. Gen. Et N. Sp. And Pojmanskia Riosae N. Gen. Et N. Sp. (Trematoda: Digenea: Brachylaimoidea) In Birds From The Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks, Douglas Causey

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

We describe two new species of leucochloridiid-like brachylaimoid digeneans parasitizing a variety of birds in the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, each of which we assign to a new genus. According to Pojmanska's (Pojmanska, T. 2002a. Superfamily Brachylaimoidea Joyeux & Foley, 1930. In Keys to the Trematoda, D. I. Gibson, A. Jones, and R. A. Bray [eds.]. CAB International and The Natural History Museum, London, U.K., p. 31-36.) key for the Brachylaimoidea, we are unable to place either species in any family. One species most closely resembles members of Leucochloridium by having well-developed suckers, lacking an esophagus, and …

Tinamutrema Canoae N. Gen. Et N. Sp. (Trematoda: Digenea: Strigeiformes: Brachylaimidae) In Crypturellus Cinnamomeus (Aves: Passeriformes: Tinamidae) From The Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks, Douglas Causey

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

We propose Tinamutrema as a new genus for Brachylaima centrodes (Braun, 1901) Dollfus, 1935 and for T. canoae, as a new species inhabiting tinamus in the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Specimens from Costa Rica resemble B. centrodes in having an elongate body, pretesticular genital pore and terminal genitalia, intercecal uterine loops occupying all available space between the anterior testis and the intestinal bifurcation, an oral sucker width:pharynx width ratio of approximately 1:0.55, an oral sucker:ventral sucker width ratio of approximately 1:1, and vitelline follicles extending into the forebody closer to the pharynx than to the anterior margin …

Neohaematotrephus Arayae N. Sp. (Digenea: Echinostomiformes: Cyclocoelidae) In Jacana Spinosa (Aves: Charadriiformes: Jacanidae) From The Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks, Douglas Causey, Beatriz Rodriguez

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Specimens of a species of cyclocoelid digenean inhabiting Jacana spinosa from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, most closely resemble ,i>Haematotrephus facioi (Brenes and Arroyo, 1962) Yamaguti, 1971, in the same host from Aranjuez, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica, in having confluent vitelline follicles posteriorly, diagnostic of Neohaematotrophus, and in pharynx length, ovary width, and cirrus sac on the sinistral side. The new species is also highly similar in appearance to H. gendrei Dubois, 1959, also inhabiting a jacanid (from West Africa), which has vitelline follicles confluent posteriorly, and extending anteriorly to the intestinal bifurcation and genital pore …

Plasmepsin 4, The Food Vacuole Aspartic Proteinase Found In All Plasmodium Spp. Infecting Man, John B. Dame, Charles A. Yowell, Levi Omara-Opyene, Jane M. Carlton, Roland A. Cooper, Tang Li

Roland A. Cooper

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 25, No. 2, June 2003, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Observations On The Life History And Descriptions Of Coccidia (Apicomplexa) From The Western Chorus Frog, Pseudacris Triseriata Triseriata, From Eastern Nebraska, Matthew G. Bolek, John J. Janovy Jr., Armando R. Irizarry-Rovira

John Janovy Publications

Two hundred and twenty-four anurans of 6 species (47 adults and 16 tadpoles of Rana blairi, 35 R. catesbeiana, 31 Hyla chrysoscelis, 30 adults and 46 tadpoles of Pseudacris triseriata triseriata, 11 Bufo woodhousii, and 8 Acris crepitans) from Pawnee Lake, Lancaster County, Nebraska, were surveyed for coccidian parasites during March 2001 to May 2002. Of these, 23 of 30 (77%) adults and four of 46 (9%) tadpoles of P. t. triseriata shed oocysts of Isospora cogginsi n. sp. Oocysts of I. cogginsi were ovoid, 19.3 × 15.1 (18-23 × 11-20) μm, with a …

Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Induces Cell Death In A Mitochondrion-Dependent Fashion, Patricia Boya, Karine Andreau, Delphine Poncet, Naoufal Zamzami, Jean-Luc Perfettini, Didier Metivier, David M. Ojcius, Marja Jäättelä, Guido Kroemer

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

A number of diseases are due to lysosomal destabilization, which results in damaging cell loss. To investigate the mechanisms of lysosomal cell death, we characterized the cytotoxic action of two widely used quinolone antibiotics: ciprofloxacin (CPX) or norfloxacin (NFX). CPX or NFX plus UV light (NFX*) induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), as detected by the release of cathepsins from lysosomes. Inhibition of the lysosomal accumulation of CPX or NFX suppresses their capacity to induce LMP and to kill cells. CPX- or NFX-triggered LMP results in caspase-independent cell death, with hallmarks of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and phosphatidylserine exposure on …

Survey For Coccidia And Haemosporidia In The Lesser Prairie Chicken (Typanuchus Pallidicinctus) From New Mexico With The Description Of A New Eimeria Species, B. H. Smith, Donald Duszynski, K. Johnson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Blood films and fecal samples of the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) were examined for parasites when we surveyed specimens captured during a radio-tracking study conducted in Chaves County, New Mexico (USA). All birds were captured on the Caprock Wildlife Habitat Management Area, administered by the Bureau of Land Management. Samples were collected in late March, April, and early May 1998-2000. Oocysts were detected in five of 64 (8%) birds sampled and, upon sporulation, were determined to be an Eimeria species. This is the first eimerian reported from the lesser prairie-chicken and is described here as a new species. …

The Nematode Fauna Of Long-Nosed Mice Oxymycterus Spp. From The Bolivian Yungas, F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

During a long-term survey of the parasites of mammals from all over Bolivia, 44 individuals of Oxymycterus inca and 6 of Oxymycterus paramensis were collected and examined for parasites from the foothills and Eastern Cordillera (Los Yungas) of the Andes of Bolivia. Three species of nematode were found including, from the cecum, a previously unknown genus and species of pinworm, Caroloxyuris boliviensis n. gen, n. sp., aspidoderids representing Nematomystes rodentophilus, and from the stomach, Protospirura numidica criceticola. These helminths occurred in prevalences of 25, 9, and 14%, respectively, in O. paramensis. Caroloxyuris boliviensis resembles species included in …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 25, No. 1, Early Spring 2003, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Phyllodistomum Funduli N. Sp. (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae) From Fundulus Sciadicus Cope From Cedar Creek In Western Nebraska, Jaclyn Helt, John J. Janvoy Jr., John Ubelaker

John Janovy Publications

Phyllodistomum funduli n. sp. is described from the urinary bladder and ureters of the Plains topminnow, Fundulus sciadicus, from Cedar Creek in Keith County, Nebraska (41°11.18'N, 101°21.77'W). Phyllodistomum funduli differs from most other Phyllodistomum species reported in possessing an oral sucker that is larger than the acetabulum. Currently, 7 other species of Phyllodistomum have been reported to possess this trait. A comparison of P. funduli with these 7 other species indicates that P. funduli is a distinct species, lacking notches, posterior body folds, caudal projections, or cephalic glands found in some congeners. There is no published report on parasites …