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2002

The University of Maine

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Articles 1 - 30 of 61

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Peet: Biogeography, Morphology, And Molecular Systematics Of Cumaceans: Training Taxonomists For The 21st Century, Leslie E. Watling, Irving Kornfield Dec 2002

Peet: Biogeography, Morphology, And Molecular Systematics Of Cumaceans: Training Taxonomists For The 21st Century, Leslie E. Watling, Irving Kornfield

University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports

The crustacean order Cumacea is largely unknown for large areas of the world's oceans and continental margins. Cumaceans are small crustaceans, allied with amphipods, isopods, and several other groups, all of whom carry their young about in a brood pouch. In many shallow marine habits they are important food items in the diets of young fish. Virtually nothing is known about the evolutionary history of the group. There is also uncertainty associated with many of the characters used in the taxonomy of cumaceans, a feature which characterizes several other groups of small crustaceans, therefore, principles developed for this group may …

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Effects Of Different Lowbush Blueberry Purees On Lipid Oxidation In Pre-Cooked Ground Turkey Patties, Kathleen Gabriel Buzzard Dec 2002

Effects Of Different Lowbush Blueberry Purees On Lipid Oxidation In Pre-Cooked Ground Turkey Patties, Kathleen Gabriel Buzzard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A growing trend in the food industry is the development of pre-cooked, ready-to-eat, meat products that only require reheating. However, reheating meats creates off-flavors that have been identified as warmed-over flavors (WOF). The off-flavors pose a problem to product development specialists during the development of cooked meat products. Lipid oxidation has been determined to effect warmed-over flavor, texture, and the appearance of reheated meat products. Ground turkey undergoes lipid oxidation rapidly because of its high-unsaturated fat content. Blueberries contain antioxidants, including anthocyanins and phenolic acids, which could potentially retard the rate of lipid oxidation in precooked meats. Blueberries are assorted …

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Effects Of Post-Harvest Treatments On The Microbiological Quality And Pesticide Residues Of Lowbush Blueberries, Kristi Michele Crowe Dec 2002

Effects Of Post-Harvest Treatments On The Microbiological Quality And Pesticide Residues Of Lowbush Blueberries, Kristi Michele Crowe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lowbush blueberries of the species Vaccinium angustifohm are native to the Northeast United States. In the state of Maine, lowbush blueberries are commercially managed and harvested each year to be marketed as either IQF (individually quick fiozen) or fiesh pack. Since IQF berries are processed at the field level, post-harvest treatments must be effective in ensuring crop quality and safety. Furthermore, with the increase in concern for microbiological and chemical food safety, post-harvest treatment of lowbush blueberries must be effective in reducing microbial populations and pesticide residues. Currently, the Maine Wild Blueberry Industry incorporates a 50-100ppm chlorinated water spray into …

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Validation Of Physical Activity Recording By Adolescent Girls, Alison Camesano Dec 2002

Validation Of Physical Activity Recording By Adolescent Girls, Alison Camesano

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Physical activity is recorded in bone mineralization studies because physical activity increases bone mass and decreases the risk of osteoporosis. The purpose of this research was to validate a method of physical activity recording used in a longitudinal bone study of adolescent girls. The physical activity recording method was a combination of a diary and an interview-administered recall. The method was validated against an objective measure of physical activity. Twenty-four adolescent girls between the ages of 9.8 and 14.1 wore Stayhealthy RT3 Research Trackers (tri-axial accelerometers) arid recorded their activity for 24 hours on a diary form. The activity records …

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Satellite-Measured Chlorophyll Variability Within The Upwelling Zone Near Heceta Bank, Oregon, Jennifer Bosch Dec 2002

Satellite-Measured Chlorophyll Variability Within The Upwelling Zone Near Heceta Bank, Oregon, Jennifer Bosch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Heceta Bank, a unique shallow bank on the southern Oregon shelf, is located within the California Current upwelling system. Four years (1998-2001) of 1-km resolution SeaWiFS ocean color satellite data of the Oregon coast are used to provide the first systematic description, and quantification of seasonal and interannual surface chlorophyll variability in the Heceta Bank region of coastal Oregon. The variability over the bank is examined with respect to wind forcing and surface temperature, and compared to the variability observed in topographically simpler shelf regions north and south of the bank. A seasonal cycle with lowest concentrations in the fall …

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Representational Analyses Of Conservation Lands In Maine, Stephanie Orndorff Dec 2002

Representational Analyses Of Conservation Lands In Maine, Stephanie Orndorff

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The three studies reported here (i.e., statewide, southern Maine, and state and federal wildlife areas) identify what areas should be conserved to represent the natural diversity of Maine. Geographic Information System (GIs) technology was used to conduct the analyses comparing the distribution of abiotic and biotic variables representing natural diversity on and off conservation lands. In the statewide analysis, 10 environmental variables were compared on and off conservation lands using ArcGrid with a cell resolution of 1.86 x 1.86 km. The areas found to contain variables that were underrepresented were. combined to identify and map regions with under-represented characteristics. The …

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Critical Amino Acids Of The Gα2 Subunit Helical Domain In Dictyostelium Discoideum, Steven Martin Rauch Dec 2002

Critical Amino Acids Of The Gα2 Subunit Helical Domain In Dictyostelium Discoideum, Steven Martin Rauch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In Dictyostelium discoideum organism, the Gα2 subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein signaling complex plays a pivotal role during the aggregation stage in the Dictyostelium life cycle. The biochemical functions of the G-protein complex include separation of the G-protein coupled receptor from the G-protein subunits, GDP displacement by GTP in the Gα subunit, separation of the Gα monomer from the βγ complex, GTP hydrolysis to GDP, activation of adenylyl cyclase as a downstream effector, and activation of guanylyl cyclase as a separate downstream effector. Upon release from the heterotrimer, the βγ subunits lead to downstream activation of the membrane bound adenylyl …

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Systematics Of The Cumacea (Crustacea), Pilar A. Haye Dec 2002

Systematics Of The Cumacea (Crustacea), Pilar A. Haye

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cumaceans are small benthic crustaceans. They have a marine cosmopolitan distribution with diversity increasing with depth. There are approximately 1,400 described species of cumaceans. Despite the fact that they offer a good model for the study of morphological evolution and biogeography, the studies on the Order Cumacea are almost restricted to work at the alpha taxonomy level. This thesis contributes to the systematics of Cumacea. The phylogenetic relationships within the Cumacea were studied using newly obtained partial amino acid sequences from the mitochondria1 gene Cytochrome Oxidase I. Among other findings, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the families Bodotriidae, Leuconidae, and Nannastacidae, …

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Two Bioeconomic Studies On Haddock Culture: Live Feed And Juvenile Production, Kate M. Waning Dec 2002

Two Bioeconomic Studies On Haddock Culture: Live Feed And Juvenile Production, Kate M. Waning

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The State of Maine is reliant upon its natural resources. Wild catches of marine finfish, especially ground fish such as cod and haddock, are declining. In addition, several new restrictions have been placed on the culture of Atlantic salmon due to its listing under the Endangered Species Act. These issues serve as an impetus to explore the development of alternative species for cold-water marine aquaculture. This research focuses on early haddock culture. The two areas where haddock culture varies from production of other species are the need for live feeds and proximity to seawater. Unlike salmon, haddock spend their entire …

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The Effect Of Temperature On The Development, Growth And Survival Of Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua) During Early Life-Histories, Adrian Jordaan Dec 2002

The Effect Of Temperature On The Development, Growth And Survival Of Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua) During Early Life-Histories, Adrian Jordaan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For poikilothennic animals, and in particular those that inhabit aquatic habitats, temperature has a significant effect on all life processes. The purpose of this research was to investigate the contribution of temperature on embryonic development and survival and its effect on vital rates. Of particular interest was what aspect(s) of egg and larval life-histories are most affected by temperature and what consequence temperature effects may have on cumulative mortality. Three batches of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs were acquired from a Newfoundland source of adult broodstock held at 4555°C. The eggs were divided andacclimated to four constant temperature regimes at …

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Evaluation Of Three Potential Methods For Preventing The Spread Of The Salmon Louse, Lepeophtheirus Salmonis (Kreyer, 1837), Micheal Pietrak Dec 2002

Evaluation Of Three Potential Methods For Preventing The Spread Of The Salmon Louse, Lepeophtheirus Salmonis (Kreyer, 1837), Micheal Pietrak

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lepeophtheirus salmonis or salmon lice infections are one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in the salmon aquaculture industry. Salmon lice cause an estimated loss of 3% of the production of Maine's salmon industry annually. Within the State of Maine only a portion of the farm sites experience salmon lice infections on an annual basis, while some sites have never had infections of Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Because of the potential impact that salmon lice infections could mean to those areas that to date have been fiee of L. salmonis infections, there has been concern both on the part of the State …

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A New Apex Predator In The Gulf Of Maine? Large, Mobile Crabs (Cancer Borealis) Control Benthic Community Structure, Amanda V. Leland Dec 2002

A New Apex Predator In The Gulf Of Maine? Large, Mobile Crabs (Cancer Borealis) Control Benthic Community Structure, Amanda V. Leland

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Apex predators can control community structure by preying on strongly interacting species at lower trophic levels. Fishing of apex predators in the marine realm often results in herbivore dominated systems. In the Gulf of Maine, coastal subtidal communities became dominated by grazing green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droehachiensis) following the extirpation of large, predatory groundfish from coastal zones. Subsequent depletion of sea urchins since the late 1980s functionally eliminated this dominant herbivore from vast regions. Sea urchin recruitment is low or nonexistent in communities dominated by fleshy algae that have developed since the decline of sea urchin populations. We hypothesized that …

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Modeling The Role Of No-Take Marine Reserves In Fisheries Management, Deidre F. Gilbert Dec 2002

Modeling The Role Of No-Take Marine Reserves In Fisheries Management, Deidre F. Gilbert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the potential of no-take marine reserves to benefit fisheries management. Scientific reviews have shown that reserves often lead to substantial increases in the density, biomass, size and diversity of marine fishes inside their boundaries. However, little empirical work has been done to determine the effect of reserves on the fisheries outside their boundaries, such as potential changes in yield, size of fleet, or variability in catch. In order to explore the interaction between the biological growth and dispersion processes of the harvested stock and the changing economic incentives of harvesters created …

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Analysis Of Protistan Grazing On Bioremediative Bacteria Using In Wvo Fluorescent Protein Expression And Flow Cytometry, Yutao Fu Dec 2002

Analysis Of Protistan Grazing On Bioremediative Bacteria Using In Wvo Fluorescent Protein Expression And Flow Cytometry, Yutao Fu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Protistan bacterivory can influence the size distribution, cell structure and composition of natural bacterial communities and is of significant concern for design of bioremediation efforts, yet adequate methods for observation and modeling are lacking. In this investigation, fluorescent protein expression and flow cytometry were used to study protistan grazing on genetically modified strains of several bacterial species that have been considered for use in bioremediation. Broad-host-range plasmids were constructed and used to introduce genes encoding GFP (green fluorescent protein) or RFP (red fluorescent protein) to prey species. A heterotrophic flagellate Paraphysomonas imperforata (Hflag) served as a model predator. Predator-prey interactions …

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Evolution Of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei), Peter F. Smith Dec 2002

Evolution Of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei), Peter F. Smith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The cichlid fish species flocks of East Africa provide a compelling model system in which to study the process of speciation. In Lake Malawi, greater than 1000 species of cichlids have emerged since the filling of the lake basin about 1 million years ago. Over 99% of the Lake Malawi haplochromine cichlids are endemic, suggesting that most of this diversification has taken place within the temporal and spatial boundaries set by the Lake's shores. Moreover, many of these species are endemic to small areas within the lake, indicating that speciation has occurred very recently or perhaps is in progress in …

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Jock Darling: The Notorious “Outlaw” Of The Maine Woods, James B. Vickery Iii Oct 2002

Jock Darling: The Notorious “Outlaw” Of The Maine Woods, James B. Vickery Iii

Maine History

Jim Vickery began work on this article shortly before he died in 1997. He had been researching Jock Darling for several years, and at my urging he set down his thoughts on the “old outlaw” under an arrangement by which he would compose the article on one of his infamous "yellow pads,” and I would transcribe the results on my computer and return a clean copy to him for editing and proofreading. He would also fill in the blanks where I could not decipher his handwriting. Before we could complete this project, Jim was hospitalized with the condition that finally …

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Tb185: Designing A Labeling Policy For Genetically Modified Food: Results Of Focus Group Research, Mario F. Teisl, Lynn Halverson, Kelly O'Brien, Brian Roe Oct 2002

Tb185: Designing A Labeling Policy For Genetically Modified Food: Results Of Focus Group Research, Mario F. Teisl, Lynn Halverson, Kelly O'Brien, Brian Roe

Technical Bulletins

The labeling of genetically modified foods is a topic of growing, and sometimes cantankerous, public debate—a debate whose outcome could dramatically alter the operation of the U.S. production agriculture, processing, distribution and retailing sectors. The debate surrounding the labeling of genetically modified foods is largely about how much information to supply to consumers to facilitate effective choice and how that information should be supplied. Although there seems to be empirical evidence of a mainstream desire for the labeling of genetically modified foods, we know of no study that has provided guidance to policy makers as to the best method of …

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The Dandy Scroll, Fall 2002, University Of Maine Pulp And Paper Foundation Oct 2002

The Dandy Scroll, Fall 2002, University Of Maine Pulp And Paper Foundation

General University of Maine Publications

The Fall 2002 issue of The Dandy Scroll newsletter produced by the University of Maine Pulp and Paper Foundation.

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Nearshore Physical Processes And Bio-Optical Properties In The New York Bight, G. C. Chang, T. D. Dickey, O. M. Schofield, A. D. Weidemann, E. Boss, W. S. Pegau, M. A. Moline, S. M. Glenn Sep 2002

Nearshore Physical Processes And Bio-Optical Properties In The New York Bight, G. C. Chang, T. D. Dickey, O. M. Schofield, A. D. Weidemann, E. Boss, W. S. Pegau, M. A. Moline, S. M. Glenn

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Temporal and spatial variability of physical, biological, and optical properties on scales of minutes to months and meters to ∼50 km are examined using an extensive data set collected on the New York Bight continental shelf during the Hyperspectral Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment. Measurements from a midshelf mooring and bottom tripod (∼25 km offshore, 24 m water depth) and two nearshore profiling nodes (∼5 km offshore, 15 m water depth) are utilized to quantify and correlate midshelf and nearshore variability. Towed shipboard undulating profilers and a high-frequency radar (CODAR) array provide complementary spatial data. We show that phytoplankton and dissolved …

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Tb183: Investment, Ownership And Operating Costs Of Supplemental Irrigation Systems For Maine Wild Blueberries, Timothy J. Dalton, Andrew Files, David Yarborough Sep 2002

Tb183: Investment, Ownership And Operating Costs Of Supplemental Irrigation Systems For Maine Wild Blueberries, Timothy J. Dalton, Andrew Files, David Yarborough

Technical Bulletins

This study investigates the investment and annual cost of supplemental irrigation equipment used on lowbush blueberries and calculates breakeven yields required to pay for annual costs and the earliest possible payoff period to recover investment costs. Using an economic-engineering approach to simulating investment and operating costs, this project assesses breakeven requirements on irrigation investment. The report reviews several of the technical factors contributing to the irrigation decision, calculate economic costs and are breakeven measures, but only introduce some of the financial factors for a grower to consider.

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Mr430: An Evaluation Of Turfgrass Species And Varieties: Tall Fescue, Alan R. Langille, Annamarie Pennucci Aug 2002

Mr430: An Evaluation Of Turfgrass Species And Varieties: Tall Fescue, Alan R. Langille, Annamarie Pennucci

Miscellaneous Reports

Originating in Europe, Tall fescue (Festuca anundinacea Schreb.) is a coarse-textured grass, which is characterized by a bunch-type growth habit. Tall fescue possesses a deeper, coarser and more extensive root system than the other cool- season species giving this grass excellent drought tolerance. It is propagated by seed, with an establishment rate that is more rapid than Kentucky bluegrass, but slower than perennial ryegrass. In conclusion, the improved tall fescue varieties performed surprisingly well at the Littlefield Garden at the University of Maine. Based upon this performance, this species should be given consideration as a cool-season turf species in …

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Determination Of Residual Hexazinone In Maine's Soil And Water, L. Brian Perkins Aug 2002

Determination Of Residual Hexazinone In Maine's Soil And Water, L. Brian Perkins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hexazinone, a systemic herbicide registered for use on wild blueberries in 1983 is credited with increasing Maine's wild blueberry crop by three-fold over a 10 year period, while also increasing overall fruit quality. Unfortunately, the high water solubility of hexazinone gives it a high leaching potential. This solubility factor is exacerbated by the sandy soils where wild blueberries are commonly propagated. In 1991 a routine screen for pesticides used in blueberry agriculture revealed traces of hexazinone in water samples from property formerly used for blueberry production. This discovery has led to the development of solid phase extraction (SPE) and direct-injection …

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An Ecosystem Dynamics Model Of Monterey Bay, California, Lawrence S. Klein Aug 2002

An Ecosystem Dynamics Model Of Monterey Bay, California, Lawrence S. Klein

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Monterey Bay is an upwelling region with high biological productivity in the California Coastal Current System. Several moorings, developed and maintained by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), have produced a long-term, highquality time series oceanographic data set for the Monterey Bay. The data set has revealed a more comprehensive picture of physical-biological interaction on seasonal and interannual variability. To improve our understanding of how the marine ecosystem responds to physical forcing, especially upwelling, an open ocean ecosystem model was modified for the Monterey Bay upwelling region. The result was a nine-component ecosystem model of Monterey Bay, which produced …

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Impacts Of Technology Adoption: Comparing Returns To The Farming Sector In Maine Under Alternative Technology Regimes, Aaron K. Hoshide Aug 2002

Impacts Of Technology Adoption: Comparing Returns To The Farming Sector In Maine Under Alternative Technology Regimes, Aaron K. Hoshide

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis tests if certain technology choices are associated with a reduction in the proportion of farming activities in the agro-food system in Maine. Goodman, Sorj, and Wilkinson define appropriationism as the replacement of farming sector activities by industrial inputs. Based on the concept of appropriationism, industrial fanning systems using large amounts of synthetic inputs contribute less to fanning than more agrarian systems, like organic fanning. Thus, returns to the farming sector should be greater for organic compared with conventional potato fanning in Maine since organic farming uses fewer industrial inputs. Goodman et. al. define substitutionism as the displacement of …

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An Assessment Of Methods For Testing The Reliability Of Wildlife Occurrence Models Used In Gap Analysis, Sandra M. Schaefer Aug 2002

An Assessment Of Methods For Testing The Reliability Of Wildlife Occurrence Models Used In Gap Analysis, Sandra M. Schaefer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Habitat association models designed to predict species occurrence are often tested by comparing predictions to field observations. Two types of error are then reported, omission (Yo of species not predicted but present on a site) and commission (% of species predicted but not present on a site). The purpose of this research was to assess the Maine Gap Analysis vertebrate predictions using the traditional site-specific approach and to determine what factors influence the amounts of error reported. I also developed a species-specific approach for testing the accuracy of the vertebrate predictions and compared these results to the site-specific method. When …

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Systematics Of Northeastern Meadow Vole (Microtus Pennsylvanicus) Subspecies, With Empasis On The Island Endemic (M. P. Shattucki, Howe 1901) In Penobscot Bay, Maine, Jennifer Marie Lowry Aug 2002

Systematics Of Northeastern Meadow Vole (Microtus Pennsylvanicus) Subspecies, With Empasis On The Island Endemic (M. P. Shattucki, Howe 1901) In Penobscot Bay, Maine, Jennifer Marie Lowry

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Penobscot meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus shattucki) (PMV) is an insular subspecies of meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus) inhabiting the islands of North Haven, Islesboro, and Tumbledown Dick in Penobscot Bay, Maine. It is one in a suite of island meadow vole subspecies which has been described from southern New England through eastern Canada. The subspecific recognition of M. p. shattucki, along with the others in this group, was solely based on a univariate analysis of a few morphological characters, which has fostered debate about the validity of the subspecies. Despite this uncertainty, the taxonomy is …

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A Pilot Study To Test Ventless Traps As A Means To Quantify Populations Of The American Lobster (Homarus Americanus), Carin Louise Poeschel Aug 2002

A Pilot Study To Test Ventless Traps As A Means To Quantify Populations Of The American Lobster (Homarus Americanus), Carin Louise Poeschel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is Maine's most valuable marine fishery. The state of Maine has an economic interest in the protection of this resource. The health of this industry depends on effective management for sustainability. However, there is little quantitative information on American lobsters less than harvestable size. A study was conducted to evaluate the utility of traps modified to catch sublegal lobsters. With the aid of fishernlen fiom six of the eight Maine coastal counties over a four-month time period (July through October, 2000), data were recorded to compare catch rates in experimental traps with no escape vents …

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Relationships Between Stream Geomorphology And Fish Community Structure And Diversity In Maine, Emily Gaenzle Aug 2002

Relationships Between Stream Geomorphology And Fish Community Structure And Diversity In Maine, Emily Gaenzle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Predicting patterns in species distribution and abundance for resource management and conservation is a major focus of applied ecology. The primary objective of this study was to determine if there is a predictable relationship between stream geomorphology and fish community structure, native species richness, and native salmonid abundance in Maine. Specifically, I examined relationships between fish assemblages and geomorphic stream types, as delineated by the Rosgen classification system (Rosgen 1996). Fifty-three stream reaches in Maine were classified, and fish communities within the reaches were characterized using backpack electrofishing. Species richness was lowest in A-type streams (i.e., steep, entrenched, confined), which …

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Tradeoff Analysis And Evaluation In The Management Of Forests For Multiple Uses. The Use Of Euclidean Distances As A Decision Support Tool, Milagros Alvarez Aug 2002

Tradeoff Analysis And Evaluation In The Management Of Forests For Multiple Uses. The Use Of Euclidean Distances As A Decision Support Tool, Milagros Alvarez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research proposes the use of Euclidean distances as a decision support tool in forest ecosystem management in a framework of analysis that integrates linear programming, growth and yield simulation software and Geographic Information Systems. The developed methodology, which integrates economic, ecological and ecological values, helps decision makers better understand the implications of their decisions and the tradeoffs that occur when forest values compete. The study also tests the hypothesis that forest management directions that favor the greatest variety of conditions lead to a greater aggregate value than those directions that favor narrower goals. The study area is composed of …

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An Examination Of The Georges River Clam Management Program, Kristin E. Togue Brawn Aug 2002

An Examination Of The Georges River Clam Management Program, Kristin E. Togue Brawn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the Georges River Clam Management Program, a multi-town interlocal harvesting and management plan in mid-coast Maine. It discusses relevant economic and communal action theory, and examines their application to the development of the program. Chapter 1 reviews the purposes and methods of the study. Chapter 2 reviews the relevant clam biology necessary to understand the principles of soft-shell clam management. Chapters 3 and 4 provide the history and background of clam harvesting and management in Maine. Chapter 5 discusses the Georges River Program, including the factors that led to its development and the details of its organization …

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