Life Sciences | Open Access Articles | Digital Commons Network™

Diseases And Medications Associated With The Food Animal Profession, Tim Holt

Range Beef Cow Symposium

I. DRUG CLASSIFICATION

II. COMMON USES FOR ABOVE MEDICATIONS

III. PRACTICAL APPROACH TO THE SICK ANIMAL (ADR)

IV. NORMAL PARAMETERS

V. Gross Pathology of Food Animals (Necropsy)

Go to article

From The Ranch To The Feedlot – What Works And What Doesn’T?, John Mcneill

Range Beef Cow Symposium

It has always been the mindset of ranchers to produce a calf crop as cheap as possible, pass it off to the next phase of production, and then focus on doing the same thing to the next year’s production. Asking them to do something that adds value down the production chain that does not add value or saleable pounds at the ranch of origin generally falls on deaf ears. However, in recent years market signals are being sent to not only heighten their awareness of things they can do at the ranch to create value, but in many cases make …

Go to article

Pine Needle Abortion – What We Know As Well As How To Predict/Prevent The Problem, Stephen P. Ford

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Pinus ponderosa or western yellow pine (Pinnace) is widely distributed in the U.S., but is most abundant in the Western U.S. and Western Canada. In the late 1920’s cattle stockmen and ranchers first suspected that ingestion of needles and buds from ponderosa pine trees caused an abortion. Original claims of ponderosa pine needles (PPN) being an abortifacient were discounted because of the many other known causes of abortions such as infectious diseases (brucellosis, leptospirosis), phosphorus and Vitamin A deficiencies. It wasn’t until 1952 that McDonald provided the first definitive evidence for a direct effect of a toxin in PPN needles …

Go to article

The Use Of Ultrasound Technology In Genetic Selection Decisions, William Herring, David Kemp

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Today, real-time ultrasound (RTU) can be used to gather live cattle data that subsequently can be used for the genetic prediction of carcass cutability and meat quality traits. Initially, identification of sires that were superior for carcass merit could only be accomplished through progeny testing, an expensive, slow and logistically complicated process. Today, breed associations use RTU data solely or in combination with actual carcass data for computation of carcass EPD. While much research should be done to improve the accuracy and cost of the technology, RTU provides a valuable tool for genetic selection of carcass merit.

Go to article

Dna Assisted Selection – A Realistic Perspective, Daniel Pomp

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Breathtaking advances are occurring in the knowledge and understanding of the structure, sequence and function of DNA. The entire genetic blueprint, or DNA code, has now been deciphered for humans, mice and a variety of other organisms. This modern-day “Genomic Revolution” may be one of the most important periods in the scientific history of humankind, promising diagnostics and therapeutics for numerous diseases and maladies.

In animal agriculture, and particularly in beef cattle improvement, the payoffs of the “Genomic Revolution” have seemingly been few and far between. DNA information on cattle is now routinely used for determining parentage and for quality …

Go to article

Objective Development Of Grazing Strategies, Patrick E. Reese

Range Beef Cow Symposium

A grazing strategy is a plan for accomplishing a set of objectives based on comprehensive knowledge of available resources, and the production and marketing environment. Management can be greatly simplified when grazing strategies are based on clearly stated and prioritized resource-management and livestock-production objectives (Fig. I ). Decisions on when and how to use plant resources have profound effects on the success of grazing strategies. Plant resources can be used for livestock production or wildlife cover and ecosystem functions such as hydrologic condition and site stability.

While many rangelands in the central and northern Great Plains are dominated by grasses …

Go to article

Effects Of Mineral Nutrition Of Immune Function And Factors That Affect Trace Mineral Requirements Of Beef Cattle, Terry E. Engle

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Trace minerals exist in cells and tissues of the animal body in a variety of chemical combinations, and in characteristic concentrations, which vary with the trace mineral and tissue (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). The concentrations of trace minerals must usually be maintained within quite narrow limits if the functional and structural integrity of the tissue is to be maintained and the growth, health, and productivity of the animal are to remain unimpaired (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Ingestion of diets that are deficient, imbalanced, or excessively high in trace minerals may induce changes in the …

Go to article

Considerations When Selecting A Calving Season, Connie R. Quinn

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Every ranch is backed by a unique set of resources. The resources are used to cost effectively produce a consumer acceptable product. Ranch resources can be simply categorized into forage base, genetics base and the commitment to good management practices. Range cattle management must be based on relating forage quality and quantity to the nutrient requirements of the animal for a given level of production. In order to be cost effective it is important that the forage base optimally express the genetic potential of the cowherd, with little or no supplemental feed.

Today’s rancher, according to Jim Gosey of the …

Go to article

Considerations When Selecting A Calving Season, R. Burke Teichert

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The selection of a calving season could well be one of the most important economic decisions made on a ranch. Changes in calving season and weaning date can cause or require many other changes in a cow-calf production system. Therefore, a systems approach should be used wherein every variable that one can think of should be considered to get the best estimate of the overall effect. The economic rewards of selecting the “best” calving season can make the analysis worthwhile.

Go to article

Intensification Of Cow/Calf Production: A History, John Maddux

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The Cow-Calf sector of the beef industry has undergone a period of increasing intensification and tremendous changes in productivity over the past 25 years. Improved technology, new production systems and changing economics have driven the Cow-Calf sector to higher and higher production levels. In this presentation I will lay out the underlying reasons for this increased production and intensification and why it will continue in the future.

Go to article

“The Best And Worst Decisions I’Ve Made”, Bob Budd

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Given the amount of time I have driven around, or stood around thinking about this topic, I can now definitively say that it is one of the meanest assignments Professor Hixon has ever given out. The fact that he gave me several weeks to ruminate on the topic only makes it more distressing, and the loss of sleep has been severe. If the time frame were more strict, such as what is the worst or best decision you made yesterday, or last week, this would not be nearly as stressful, but to force me to think of every stupid thing …

Go to article

Vertical Communication: The Aligning Of Beef Industry Segments, Larry Corah, Steve Suther

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Cow-calf producers can count on erratic weather, day-to-day market swings and continuing changes in everything else that affects them. In the last five or six years especially, structural and technological changes in the industry occurred so rapidly as to seem more threatening than those more familiar variables of weather and markets. But there is a silver lining to this storm of change: you can ride it out and come out on top if you understand it and take action.

Consolidation in the feedlot, retail, food service and packing segments has caused many cow-calf and stocker operations to ask that basic …

Go to article

A Systems Approach To Production From Weaning To Harvest, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon, Galen E. Erickson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Although some summer and fall calving occurs, the majority of calves in the Northern States are born in the spring. Therefore, to have a consistent supply of feeders entering feedlots, a variety of stocker programs are used. About 30% of calves produced in the U. S. enter the feedlot as calf-feds. Some of these calf-feds are weaned and enter the feedlot 30 to 40 days later. It is also common for calves to be backgrounded two to six months before entering the feedlot.

Many calves enter yearling programs. These cattle are nutritionally restricted to varying degrees and for various times. …

Go to article

A Cowboy’S Guide To Building Teams, Tom G. Field, Michael G. Hays

Range Beef Cow Symposium

One of the daunting challenges facing the cattle industry in the near term is the ability to attract and retain skilled and effective human resources to the ranching business. We currently have at our disposal vast amounts of information about marketing, health, reproduction, nutrition, genetics, forage management, and financial decision-making to create and sustain a viable cow-calf, stocker, or feedlot business. In fact, any of the existing enterprise managers in the industry likely excel in a majority of the aforementioned topics. However, one of the major obstacles to success in agriculture is a failure to recognize that human beings are …

Go to article

An Update On Clostridial Diseases/Abomasal Ulcers, R. G. Mortimer, R. P. Ellis

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Losses of calves in beef herds to Clostridial diseases continues to be a problem. In a large 1991 Colorado study of 47 herds with 11,767 cows reported that two of the most common causes of calf mortality were enteric and sudden death diseases. Both of these entities are consistent with Clostridial disease. Unfortunately, less than 1% of the calves that died were ever presented to a diagnostic lab for confirmation of death and 99% was based on producer perception. A smaller study conducted in 1992-93 of 15 beef herds in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska with 3,273 calves born attempted to …

Go to article

Emerging Protocols To Synchronize Estrus In Replacement Beef Heifers And Postpartum Cows, D. J. Patterson, J. E. Stegner, G. A. Perry, F. N. Kojima, M. F. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The beef cattle industry has seen rapid gains in economically desirable traits largely due to the selection and expanded use of genetically superior sires made available through artificial insemination (AI). Recent surveys indicate, however that less than 5 percent of the beef cows in the United States are bred by AI, and only half of the cattle producers who practice AI use any form of estrus synchronization to facilitate their AI programs. The inability to predict time of estrus for individual cows or heifers in a group often makes it impractical to use AI because of the labor required for …

Go to article

The Value Of Corn As A Hay Replacement For Cows, Cody Wright

Range Beef Cow Symposium

In many western cattle operations, harvested forages have traditionally been considered the most economical feedstuffs for wintering beef cows. However, in certain situations, the nutrient content of standing or harvested forages may be inadequate to meet the nutritional requirements of the beef cow for maintenance, gestation, or lactation. Furthermore, the availability of standing or harvested forages may be limited, especially during drought years and(or) severe winters when the cost of medium- to low-quality forages may reach $80-100 per ton. Feeding corn grain may represent an economically viable alternative in each of these scenarios.

Producers commonly ask “how much corn can …

Go to article

University Of Nebraska Board Of Regents/ Academic Affairs Committee: Engagement With Community, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches & Appearances

Board of Regents and President Smith: It's a real pleasure to be able to discuss the University's role in engagement with you today on behalf of the four campuses that comprise the University of Nebraska.
In preparing this presentation I've drawn heavily upon the Kellogg Commission's report, entitled: "Returning to our Roots - The Engaged Institution," and the Michigan State University guidebook for planning-and-evaluating quality outreach, which is entitled: "Points of Distinction." I think both publications offer valuable insights as we explore the University's role as an engaged-partner with Nebraska.

Go to article

Nebraska Cattlemen/Nebraska Cattle Women Conference, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches & Appearances

I’m so pleased to be here with you today, and I look forward to visiting and working with members of this group now and in the future. Since arriving in Nebraska nearly a year ago now on a snowy, blustery day, I’ve been delighted to take every opportunity that comes my way to get to know Nebraska and Nebraskans better. I want to know what you think are Nebraska’s greatest needs, now and in the future. I want to know how you think the University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources can help meet those needs. I seek …

Go to article

Arboles Trabajando En Beneficio De La Ganaderia

Working Trees (USDA-NAC)

Éstos son, árboles que se utilizan en conservación y sistemas de producción en fincas y ranchos. Estos árboles tienen un trabajo que realizar, sea aumentar los ingresos, proteger los recursos naturales o hacernos disfrutar un poco más de nuestras vidas. “Árboles trabajando” es un lema usado para promover la ciencia y práctica de la agroforestería. Agroforestería es un término que agricultores y dasónomos han definido para incluir la mayoría de las prácticas en las que se integran árboles y arbustos de forma intencional junto con un cultivo, forraje u operaciones de ganadería. Prácticas tales como rompevientos, bosques ribereños de amortiguamiento, …

Go to article

Microscale Patchiness Of Bacterioplankton Assemblage Richness In Seawater, Richard A. Long, Farooq Azam

Faculty Publications

We sought to test the hypothesis that bacterial species richness and composition vary at the millimeter scale in the marine pelagic environment, in response to the heterogeneous distribution of organic matter. To test this hypothesis, it was necessary to design and test a protocol to sample, lyse and analyze (by polymerase chain reaction/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [PCR-DGGE]) bacterioplankton species richness in a single microliter of seawater. Significant variation in bacterial species richness was found amongst 1 μl samples. Greater species richness was seen when seawater was enriched with diatom detritus. Examination of species richness at 2 mm intervals over a …

Go to article

Broward County Proposed Beach Renourishment: Fishes Final Report, Richard E. Spieler

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

No abstract provided.

Go to article

New Species Of Hemiphileurus Kolbe (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) From Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, And Brazil, Brett C. Ratcliffe

Entomology papers

The following new species of Hemiphileurus are described: H. bispinosus Ratcliffe from Brazil, H. deslislesi Ratcliffe from Colombia, H. quadridentatus Ratcliffe from Guatemala, and H. warneri Ratcliffe from Mexico. The parameres of H. rugulosus Endrödi (Venezuela and Colombia) are illustrated to enable easier identification of this species, and H. kahni Dupuis and Dechambre is redescribed and recorded from Brazil for the first time. Diagnostic illustrations of the male parameres are provided for the above taxa. A checklist for all the species in the genus is given.

Se describen las siguientes nuevas especies de Hemiphileurus: H. bispinosus Ratcliffe de Brasil, …

Go to article

Yellowtail Flounder (Limanda Ferruginea) Bycatch During The 1999 Commercial Sea Scallop Opening Of Georges Bank Area Ii, William D. Dupaul, David Rudders, Todd Gedamke

Reports

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Antigen Polymorphism In Borrelia Hermsii, A Clonal Pathogenic Bacterium, Stephen M. Rich, Stanley A. Sawyer, Alan G. Barbour

Stephen M. Rich

The relapsing fever spirochete, Borrelia hermsii, escapes immune selection by alternating expression of surface lipoprotein alleles. The switch results from a duplicative transposition of one of several surface lipoprotein-encoding nucleotide sequences into the singular expression site. These nucleotide sequences constitute a large gene family whose diversity originated, in some cases, before the major divergences of Borrelia species. We have examined the B. hermsii vsp subfamily of alleles, which are carried on linear plasmids within each cell and maintained in several diverse copies as an antigenic archive. Each encodes a distinct serotype-specific protein. We sequenced more than 90% of the alleles …

Go to article

Effects Of Artisanal Fishing On Marine Communities In The Galápagos Islands, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg

Biological Sciences

The Galápagos Islands harbor some of the least impacted marine ecosystems in the tropics, but there are indications that local artisanal fishing is affecting exploited marine communities. To quantify these effects, I sampled communities of fishes and sea urchins at a number of heavily fished and lightly fished sites throughout the central islands of the archipelago. Sites were selected based on information collected as part of a local fisheries monitoring study and standardized across a number of abiotic factors. Abundance and biomass of the primary target species were significantly lower in the heavily fished sites than in the lightly fished …

Go to article

Protective Killed Leptospira Borgpetersenii Vaccine Induces Potent Th1 Immunity Comprising Responses By Cd4 And Gammadelta T Lymphocytes, B. M. Naiman, D. Alt, C. A. Bolin, R. Zuerner, Cynthia Baldwin

Cynthia Baldwin

Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo is the most common cause of bovine leptospirosis and also causes zoonotic infections of humans. A protective killed vaccine against serovar hardjo was shown to induce strong antigen-specific proliferative responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from vaccinated cattle by 2 months after the first dose of vaccine. This response was absent from nonvaccinated control cattle. The mean response peaked by 2 months after completion of the two-dose vaccination regimen, and substantial proliferation was measured in in vitro cultures throughout the 7 months of the study period. Variations in magnitude of the response occurred among the …

Go to article

Percent G+C Profiling Accurately Reveals Diet-Related Differences In The Gastrointestinal Microbial Community Of Broiler Chickens, Juha H. A. Apajalahti, Anu Kettunen, Michael R. Bedford, William E. Holben

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Broiler chickens from eight commercial farms in Southern Finland were analyzed for the structure of their gastrointestinal microbial community by a nonselective DNA-based method, percent G+C-based profiling. The bacteriological impact of the feed source and in-farm whole-wheat amendment of the diet was assessed by percent G+C profiling. Also, a phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-based study was carried out to aid in interpretation of the percent G+C profiles. This survey showed that most of the 16S rDNA sequences found could not be assigned to any previously known bacterial genus or they represented an unknown species of one of the taxonomically heterogeneous …

Go to article

Isolation And Characterization Of A Novel As(V)-Reducing Bacterium: Implications For Arsenic Mobilization And The Genus Desulfitobacterium, Allison Niggemyer, Stefan Spring, Erko Stackebrandt, Frank Rosenzweig

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacteria have been implicated in the mobilization of arsenic from arsenic-enriched sediments. An As(V)-reducing bacterium, designated strain GBFH, was isolated from arsenic-contaminated sediments of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Strain GBFH couples the oxidation of formate to the reduction of As(V) when formate is supplied as the sole carbon source and electron donor. Additionally, strain GBFH is capable of reducing As(V), Fe(III), Se(VI), Mn(IV) and a variety of oxidized sulfur species. 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparisons reveal that strain GBFH is closely related to Desulfitobacterium hafniense DCB-2^T and Desulfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1^T. Comparative physiology demonstrates that D …

Go to article

Central Crops And Soils Research Station Highmore, South Dakota: Annual Progress Report, 2001, Agricultural

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This report of the Central Crops and Soils Research Station at Highmore, South Dakota is a progress report and, therefore, the results presented are not necessarily complete nor conclusive. The data presented in this report reflect the 2001 growing season. The document includes reports on: temperature and precipitation, field evaluations on woody plant materials, assessment of herbicides for switchgrass establishment in the Northern Great Plains, alfalfa and grass breeding, weed control, suppressing alternaria blight of safflower with foliar fungicides, fertilizer and soil test effects on soybean yield, small grain variety performance trials, alfalfa production influence of planting date on winter …

Go to article

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Diseases And Medications Associated With The Food Animal Profession, Tim Holt

Range Beef Cow Symposium

From The Ranch To The Feedlot – What Works And What Doesn’T?, John Mcneill

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Pine Needle Abortion – What We Know As Well As How To Predict/Prevent The Problem, Stephen P. Ford

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The Use Of Ultrasound Technology In Genetic Selection Decisions, William Herring, David Kemp

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Dna Assisted Selection – A Realistic Perspective, Daniel Pomp

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Objective Development Of Grazing Strategies, Patrick E. Reese

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Effects Of Mineral Nutrition Of Immune Function And Factors That Affect Trace Mineral Requirements Of Beef Cattle, Terry E. Engle

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Considerations When Selecting A Calving Season, Connie R. Quinn

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Considerations When Selecting A Calving Season, R. Burke Teichert

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Intensification Of Cow/Calf Production: A History, John Maddux

Range Beef Cow Symposium

“The Best And Worst Decisions I’Ve Made”, Bob Budd

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Vertical Communication: The Aligning Of Beef Industry Segments, Larry Corah, Steve Suther

Range Beef Cow Symposium

A Systems Approach To Production From Weaning To Harvest, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon, Galen E. Erickson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

A Cowboy’S Guide To Building Teams, Tom G. Field, Michael G. Hays

Range Beef Cow Symposium

An Update On Clostridial Diseases/Abomasal Ulcers, R. G. Mortimer, R. P. Ellis

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Emerging Protocols To Synchronize Estrus In Replacement Beef Heifers And Postpartum Cows, D. J. Patterson, J. E. Stegner, G. A. Perry, F. N. Kojima, M. F. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The Value Of Corn As A Hay Replacement For Cows, Cody Wright

Range Beef Cow Symposium

University Of Nebraska Board Of Regents/ Academic Affairs Committee: Engagement With Community, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches & Appearances

Nebraska Cattlemen/Nebraska Cattle Women Conference, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches & Appearances

Arboles Trabajando En Beneficio De La Ganaderia

Working Trees (USDA-NAC)

Microscale Patchiness Of Bacterioplankton Assemblage Richness In Seawater, Richard A. Long, Farooq Azam

Faculty Publications

Broward County Proposed Beach Renourishment: Fishes Final Report, Richard E. Spieler

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

New Species Of Hemiphileurus Kolbe (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) From Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, And Brazil, Brett C. Ratcliffe

Entomology papers

Yellowtail Flounder (Limanda Ferruginea) Bycatch During The 1999 Commercial Sea Scallop Opening Of Georges Bank Area Ii, William D. Dupaul, David Rudders, Todd Gedamke

Reports

Antigen Polymorphism In Borrelia Hermsii, A Clonal Pathogenic Bacterium, Stephen M. Rich, Stanley A. Sawyer, Alan G. Barbour

Stephen M. Rich

Effects Of Artisanal Fishing On Marine Communities In The Galápagos Islands, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg

Biological Sciences

Protective Killed Leptospira Borgpetersenii Vaccine Induces Potent Th1 Immunity Comprising Responses By Cd4 And Gammadelta T Lymphocytes, B. M. Naiman, D. Alt, C. A. Bolin, R. Zuerner, Cynthia Baldwin

Cynthia Baldwin

Percent G+C Profiling Accurately Reveals Diet-Related Differences In The Gastrointestinal Microbial Community Of Broiler Chickens, Juha H. A. Apajalahti, Anu Kettunen, Michael R. Bedford, William E. Holben

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Isolation And Characterization Of A Novel As(V)-Reducing Bacterium: Implications For Arsenic Mobilization And The Genus Desulfitobacterium, Allison Niggemyer, Stefan Spring, Erko Stackebrandt, Frank Rosenzweig

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Central Crops And Soils Research Station Highmore, South Dakota: Annual Progress Report, 2001, Agricultural

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports