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- ; Macoma balthica; predation; predator-prey; productivity (1)
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- Amphipods (1)
- Amphipods; Ampithoe longimana; community structure; competition; Cymadusa compta; Gammarus mucronatus; grazing; mesograzers; resource limitation; Zostera marina (1)
- Anadara ova/is. arkshell (1)
- Aquatic Health Sciences (1)
- Armor vs. avoidance; bivalves; blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; density dependence; sigmoid functional response (1)
- Artificial eelgrass; blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; complexity; habitat fragmentation; landscape ecology (1)
- Biodiversity; community structure; epifauna; macroalgae; Zostera marina (1)
- Biodiversity; ecosystem function; eelgrass; Erichsonella attenuata; estuaries; functional redundancy; Gammarus mucronatus; grazing (1)
- Blood clam. growth rate. density (1)
- Cell Differentiation; Factor Bsap; Activator Protein; Chain Gene; 3'Alpha Enhancer; Nf-Hb (1)
- Chesapeake Bay (1)
- Chesapeake Bay; Aquaculture; Species Introduction; Crassostrea Ariakensis; C. Virginica (1)
- DINOFLAGELLATE; PISCICIDA; OCELLATUM (1)
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- ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROME; TOXIC PFIESTERIA; NORTH-CAROLINA; FISH BIOASSAY; SKIN ULCERS; PISCICIDA; DINOFLAGELLATE; EXPOSURE; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION (1)
- Essential fish habitat (1)
- Estuary (1)
- Fecundity (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Fisheries management (1)
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- In Situ Hybridization; Small Subunit Ribosomal Dna; Haplosporidium Nelsoni; Haplosporidium Costale; Eastern Oyster; Crassostrea Virginica; Parasites (1)
- Lagoon; metabolism; autotrophy; heterotrophy; carbon; nitrogen; macroalgae; phytoplankton; microalgae; chlorophyll (1)
- Malays (1)
- Maturity stage; ovary; oocyte; post-ovulatory follicle; batch spawning (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 33
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Population Biology And Secondary Production Of The Suspension Feeding Polychaete Chaetopterus Cf. Variopedatus: Implications For Benthic-Pelagic Coupling In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Ml Thompson, Linda C. Schaffner
Population Biology And Secondary Production Of The Suspension Feeding Polychaete Chaetopterus Cf. Variopedatus: Implications For Benthic-Pelagic Coupling In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Ml Thompson, Linda C. Schaffner
VIMS Articles
Benthic suspension feeders are functionally important components of many shallow estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Their relative importance in material and energy cycling depends on physical and biological factors, of which population dynamics of individual species are a key feature, We studied the demographics and secondary production of a population of the tubicolous, suspension feeding polychaete, Chaetopterus cf. variopedatus, of southern Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, to better understand its functional role in an estuarine ecosystem. Average worm densities in the study region ranged from 30 to > 1000 individuals m(-2) and were greatest after the summer recruitment period. Recruitment success varied threefold between …
Microbial Loop Carbon Cycling In Ocean Environments Studied Using A Simple Steady-State Model, T. R. Anderson, H. W. Ducklow
Microbial Loop Carbon Cycling In Ocean Environments Studied Using A Simple Steady-State Model, T. R. Anderson, H. W. Ducklow
VIMS Articles
A simple steady-state model is used to examine the microbial loop as a pathway for organic C in marine systems, constrained by observed estimates of bacterial to primary production ratio (BP:PP) and bacterial growth efficiency (BGE). Carbon sources (primary production including extracellular release of dissolved organic carbon, DOC), cycling via zooplankton grazing and viral lysis, and sinks (bacterial and zooplankton respiration) are represented. Model solutions indicate that, at least under near steady-state conditions, recent estimates of BP:PP of about 0.1 to 0.15 are consistent with reasonable scenarios of C cycling (low BGE and phytoplankton extracellular release) at open ocean sites …
The Identification, Conservation, And Management Of Estuarine And Marine Nurseries For Fish And Invertebrates: A Better Understanding Of The Habitats That Serve As Nurseries For Marine Species And The Factors That Create Site-Specific Variability In Nursery Quality Will Improve Conservation And Management Of These Areas, Michael W. Beck, Kl Heck, Kenneth W. Able, Daniel L. Childers, David B. Eggleston, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Benjamin Halpern, Cynthia G. Hays, Kaho Hoshino, Thomas J. Minello, R J. Orth, Peter F. Sheridan, Michael P. Weinstein
The Identification, Conservation, And Management Of Estuarine And Marine Nurseries For Fish And Invertebrates: A Better Understanding Of The Habitats That Serve As Nurseries For Marine Species And The Factors That Create Site-Specific Variability In Nursery Quality Will Improve Conservation And Management Of These Areas, Michael W. Beck, Kl Heck, Kenneth W. Able, Daniel L. Childers, David B. Eggleston, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Benjamin Halpern, Cynthia G. Hays, Kaho Hoshino, Thomas J. Minello, R J. Orth, Peter F. Sheridan, Michael P. Weinstein
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Density-Dependent Predation, Habitat Variation, And The Persistence Of Marine Bivalve Prey, Rochelle D. Seitz, Rom Lipcius, Ah Hines, Db Eggleston
Density-Dependent Predation, Habitat Variation, And The Persistence Of Marine Bivalve Prey, Rochelle D. Seitz, Rom Lipcius, Ah Hines, Db Eggleston
VIMS Articles
The persistence of prey encountering intense predation varies by species, prey density, and habitat type; however, the collective impact of these factors has rarely been tested experimentally in natural marine systems. Using the thin-shelled clams Mya arenaria and Macoma balthica as prey, and the main epibenthic predator of whole adult clams, the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, we conducted a series of experiments in Chesapeake Bay tributaries that (1) links field abundance and distribution of bivalve prey species with habitat-specific mortality patterns; (2) represents the first comprehensive field test of species-specific, habitat-specific, and density-dependent mortality for subtidal, soft-bottom, deep-burrowing prey; and …
Habitat Fragmentation In A Seagrass Landscape: Patch Size And Complexity Control Blue Crab Survival, Ka Hovel, Rom Lipcius
Habitat Fragmentation In A Seagrass Landscape: Patch Size And Complexity Control Blue Crab Survival, Ka Hovel, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Habitat fragmentation is increasingly common on land and in the sea, leading to small, isolated habitat patches in which ecological processes may differ substantially from those in larger, continuous habitats. Seagrass is a productive but fragmented subtidal habitat that serves as a refuge from predation for many animals because its structural complexity limits the detection and capture of resident prey. The singular influence of seagrass habitat fragmentation (e.g., patch size) on faunal survival is largely unknown and has been difficult to quantify because seagrass habitat complexity (e.g., shoot density) and patch size are often confounded and vary seasonally. In early …
Variation In Top-Down And Bottom-Up Control Of Marine Bivalves At Differing Spatial Scales, Rochelle D. Seitz, Rom Lipcius
Variation In Top-Down And Bottom-Up Control Of Marine Bivalves At Differing Spatial Scales, Rochelle D. Seitz, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
At large spatial scales(> 1 km). the forces structuring marine communities are diverse and include oceanographic, geological. and human processes, as well as availability of regional species pools. Few studies in marine and estuarine systems have examined the joint effects of predation (top-down) and food availability (bottom-up) in controlling populations at these scales. We compared the relative influence of top-down and bottom-up factors to population abundance of the infaunal clam Macomala balthican in two ecosystems differing in spatial extent by an order of magnitude. the York River, 50 km long, and the Rhode River. 5 km long. In both rivers, …
Reproduction And Food Habits Of The Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus Erectus (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) Of Chesapeake Bay, Virginia., R. L. Teixeira, John A. Musick
Reproduction And Food Habits Of The Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus Erectus (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) Of Chesapeake Bay, Virginia., R. L. Teixeira, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
The reproductive and feeding biology of the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, was studied inChesapeake Bay. Seahorses are monogamous, and males incubate the eggs received from femalesin a closed brood pouch (= marsupium). Females do not play any parental care after mating. Totalsex ratio and the operational sex ratio was strongly skewed toward females. Males and females hadsimilar number of eggs/embryos and hydrated oocytes, respectively. The number of eggs/embryosfound in the male brood pouch varied from 97 to 1,552 (fish from 80 to 126 mm TL), whereas thenumber of hydrated oocytes in female varied from 90 to 1,313 (fish from 60 …
Restoration Of The Oyster Resource In Chesapeake Bay: The Role Of Oyster Reefs In Population Enhancement, Water Quality Improvement And Support Of Diverse Species-Rich Communities, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Restoration of the oyster Crassostrea virginica resource to the Chesapeake Bay is a widely supported goal. The role of the oyster in restoration through benthic-pelagic coupling is examined in the context of current and projected watershed management problems, agricultural and urban development with associated nutrient and sediment erosion issues, in the entire Chesapeake Bay watershed. Efforts to date have focused on rebuilding three-dimensional reef structures, often with oyster broodstock enhancement, in predominantly small estuaries with retentive circulation to provide demonstration of increased resultant recruitment. Fishery enhancement activity is then based on local increases in recruitment. Such examples are used to …
Classification And Identification Of Pfiesteria And Pfiesteria-Like Species, K Steidinger, Patrice Mason, Kimberly S. Reece, Lw Haas
Classification And Identification Of Pfiesteria And Pfiesteria-Like Species, K Steidinger, Patrice Mason, Kimberly S. Reece, Lw Haas
VIMS Articles
Dinoflagellates can be classified both botanically and zoologically; however, they are typically put in the botanical division Pyrrhophyta. As a group they appear most related to the protistan ciliates and apicomplexans at the ultrastructure level. Within the Pyrrhophyta are both unarmored and armored forms of the dominant, motile flagellated stage. Unarmored dinoflagellates do not have thecal or wall plates arranged in specific series, whereas armored species have plates that vary in thickness but are specific in number and arrangement. In armored dinoflagellates, the plate pattern and tabulation is a diagnostic character at the family, subfamily, and even genus levels. In …
A Unique Mycobacterium Species Isolated From An Epizootic Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), Martha W. Rhodes, Howard Kator, Shaban Kotob, Peter Van Berkum, Ilsa Kaattari, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Margaret Floyd, W. Ray Butler, Frederick D. Quinn, Christopher Ottinger, Emmet Shotts
A Unique Mycobacterium Species Isolated From An Epizootic Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), Martha W. Rhodes, Howard Kator, Shaban Kotob, Peter Van Berkum, Ilsa Kaattari, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Margaret Floyd, W. Ray Butler, Frederick D. Quinn, Christopher Ottinger, Emmet Shotts
VIMS Articles
We isolated a Mycobacterium sp. resembling Mycobacterium marinum and M. ulcerans from diseased striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in the Chesapeake Bay. This isolate may represent an undescribed Mycobacterium species, based on phenotypic characteristics and comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence.
Delivery And Fate Of Fluvial Water And Sediment To The Sea: A Marine Geologist's View Of European Rivers, J. D. Milliman
Delivery And Fate Of Fluvial Water And Sediment To The Sea: A Marine Geologist's View Of European Rivers, J. D. Milliman
VIMS Articles
Despite their relatively small drainage areas, European rivers reflect a wide variety of hydrologic regimes, although with very few exceptions they have been strongly affected by human activity. Scandinavian rivers (particularly those draining Iceland and western Norway) can have high runoff, and, except for those draining Iceland, all have very low suspended and dissolved sediment loads. Northern and western European rivers have somewhat lower runoff, among the lowest suspended sediment yields in the world, and anthropogenically enhanced dissolved solid loads. Annual discharge of many of these rivers appears to vary inversely with the North Atlantic Oscillation index. Rivers discharging from …
Modeling The Response Of Top-Down Control Exerted By Gelatinous Carnivores On The Black Sea Pelagic Food Web, Temel Oguz, Hugh W. Ducklow, Jennifer E. Purcell, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli
Modeling The Response Of Top-Down Control Exerted By Gelatinous Carnivores On The Black Sea Pelagic Food Web, Temel Oguz, Hugh W. Ducklow, Jennifer E. Purcell, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli
VIMS Articles
Recent changes in structure and functioning of the interior Black Sea ecosystem are studied by a series of simulations using a one-dimensional, vertically resolved, coupled physical-biochemical model. The simulations are intended to provide a better understanding of how the pelagic food web structure responds to increasing grazing pressure by gelatinous carnivores (medusae Aurelia aurita and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi) during the past 2 decades. The model is first shown to represent typical eutrophic ecosystem conditions of the late 1970s and early 1980s. This simulation reproduces reasonably well the observed planktonic food web structure at a particular location of the Black Sea …
The Effects Of A Regulatory Gear Restriction On The Recruiting Year Class In The Sea Scallop, Placopecten Magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791), Fishery, Jc Brust, Wd Dupaul, Je Kirkley
The Effects Of A Regulatory Gear Restriction On The Recruiting Year Class In The Sea Scallop, Placopecten Magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791), Fishery, Jc Brust, Wd Dupaul, Je Kirkley
VIMS Articles
In 1994, Amendment 4 to the sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery management plan was adopted, which restricted fishing effort by controlling vessel days at sea. crew size, and gear size. Dredge ring size was increased from 76.2 mm (3.0") to 82.6 mm (3.25") in March 1994, and again to 88.9 mm (3.5") in January 1996 to increase the age of entry of scallops into the fishery. Between June 1994 and April 1995, four trips were taken on commercial scallop vessels in the western mid-Atlantic to determine harvest efficiency of 88.9-mm dredge rings relative to 82.6-mm dredge rings used in the …
A Comparison Of Calcified Structures For Aging Summer Flounder, Paralichthys Dentatus, Ann M. Sipe, Mark E. Chittenden
A Comparison Of Calcified Structures For Aging Summer Flounder, Paralichthys Dentatus, Ann M. Sipe, Mark E. Chittenden
VIMS Articles
Calcified structures of summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, were evaluated to identify the best age determination method. Scales, the currently preferred structure, were compared with opercular bones and to right and left whole and sectioned otoliths for ages 0 to 10. All structures showed concentric rings that were interpreted as annual; however structures differed greatly in the clarity of their presumed annual marks. Right and left otoliths generally gave the same age, although they differed in the clarity of marks. Sectioned otoliths, particularly right ones, were the best aging structure. Right sectioned otoliths consistently showed the clearest marks and had the …
Emerging Areas Of Research Reported During The Cdc National Conference On Pfiesteria: From Biology To Public Health, C Rubin, Eugene M. Burreson
Emerging Areas Of Research Reported During The Cdc National Conference On Pfiesteria: From Biology To Public Health, C Rubin, Eugene M. Burreson
VIMS Articles
Since its identification in 1996, the marine dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder has been the focus of intense scientific inquiry in disciplines ranging from estuarine ecology to epidemiology and from molecular biology to public health. Despite these research efforts, the extent of human exposure and the degree of human illness directly associated with Pfiesteria is still in the process of being defined. Unfortunately, during this same time Pfiesteria has also stimulated media coverage that in some instances jumped ahead of the science to conclude that Pfiesteria presents a widespread threat to human health. Political and economic forces also came …
Skin Ulcers In Estuarine Fishes: A Comparative Pathological Evaluation Of Wild And Laboratory-Exposed Fish, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Jeffrey D. Shields, Lw Haas, Kimberly S. Reece, D. E. Zwerner
Skin Ulcers In Estuarine Fishes: A Comparative Pathological Evaluation Of Wild And Laboratory-Exposed Fish, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Jeffrey D. Shields, Lw Haas, Kimberly S. Reece, D. E. Zwerner
VIMS Articles
The toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder has recently been implicated as the etiologic agent of acute mass mortalities and skin ulcers in menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, and other fishes from mid-Atlantic U.S. estuaries. However, evidence for this association is largely circumstantial and controversial. We exposed tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) to Pfiesteria shurnwayae Glasgow & Burkholder (identification based on scanning electron microscopy and molecular analyses) and compared the resulting pathology to the so-called Pfiesteria-specific lesions occurring in wild menhaden. The tilapia challenged by high concentrations (2,000-12,000 cells/mL) of P. shurnwayae exhibited loss of mucus coat and scales plus mild petecchial hemorrhage, …
Differential Diagnosis Of Mixed Haplosporidium Costale And Haplosporidium Nelsoni Infections In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Using Dna Probes, Na Stokes, Em Burreson
Differential Diagnosis Of Mixed Haplosporidium Costale And Haplosporidium Nelsoni Infections In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Using Dna Probes, Na Stokes, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
Haplosporidium costale and Haplosporidium nelsoni are morphologically similar pathogens of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. In the absence of the spore stage, infections of the two species are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish using traditional light microscopy of stained tissue sections. Species-specific molecular diagnostics were developed for H. costale from the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers amplified a 557 base pair (bp) region of the H. costale SSU rDNA, but did not amplify DNA from oyster (C. virginica) or from six other haplosporidans (H. nelsoni, H. louisiana, H. lusitanicum, Minchinia …
Aerobic Respiratory Costs Of Swimming In The Negatively Buoyant Brief Squid Lolliguncula Brevis, Ian K. Bartol, Roger L. Mann, Mark R. Patterson
Aerobic Respiratory Costs Of Swimming In The Negatively Buoyant Brief Squid Lolliguncula Brevis, Ian K. Bartol, Roger L. Mann, Mark R. Patterson
VIMS Articles
Because of the inherent inefficiency of jet propulsion, squid are considered to be at a competitive disadvantage compared with fishes, which generally depend on forms of undulatory/oscillatory locomotion. Some squid, such as the brief squid Lolliguncula brevis, swim at low speeds in shallow-water complex environments, relying heavily on fin activity. Consequently, their swimming costs may be lower than those of the faster, more pelagic squid studied previously and competitive with those of ecologically relevant fishes. To examine aerobic respiratory swimming costs, O2 consumption rates were measured for L. brevis of various sizes (2–9 cm dorsal mantle length, DML …
Grazer Diversity, Functional Redundancy, And Productivity In Seagrass Beds: An Experimental Test, Je Duffy, Ks Macdonald, Jm Rhode, Jd Parker
Grazer Diversity, Functional Redundancy, And Productivity In Seagrass Beds: An Experimental Test, Je Duffy, Ks Macdonald, Jm Rhode, Jd Parker
VIMS Articles
Concern over the accelerating loss of biodiversity has stimulated renewed interest in relationships among species richness, species composition, and the functional properties of ecosystems. Mechanistically, the degree of functional differentiation or complementarity among individual species determines the form of such relationships and is thus important to distinguishing among alternative hypotheses for the effects of diversity on ecosystem processes. Although a growing number of studies have reported relationships between plant diversity and ecosystem processes, few have explicitly addressed how functional diversity at higher trophic levels influences ecosystem processes. We used mesocosm experiments to test the impacts of three herbivorous crustacean species …
Criteria For Determining Maturity Stage In Female American Shad, Alosa Sapidissima, And A Proposed Reproductive Cycle, Je Olney, Sc Denny, Jm Hoenig
Criteria For Determining Maturity Stage In Female American Shad, Alosa Sapidissima, And A Proposed Reproductive Cycle, Je Olney, Sc Denny, Jm Hoenig
VIMS Articles
We describe macro- and microscopic criteria to judge maturation stages of female American shad (Alosa sapidissima) collected in the York river, Virginia, USA. For comparison, we also examined ovaries of fishes collected in the Edisto river, South Carolina, and the Connecticut river, Massachusetts. The study augments a developing stock assessment program that is evaluating the use of index-removal and change-in-ratio estimators of exploitation rate and absolute abundance. Samples were obtained from traps at the York river mouth, staked gill nets in mid-reaches of the river, and drift gill nets on the spawning grounds (approximately 100 km from the river mouth). …
Oyster Reefs As Fish Habitat: Opportunistic Use Of Restored Reefs By Transient Fishes, Juliana M. Harding, Roger L. Mann
Oyster Reefs As Fish Habitat: Opportunistic Use Of Restored Reefs By Transient Fishes, Juliana M. Harding, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Under the Magnuson-Stevenson Fisheries Management Act of 1996, current fisheries management practice is focused on the conce_pt of Essential Fish Habitat (EFH). Application of the EFH concept to estuarine habitats relates directly to ongoing oyster reef restorat10n efforts. Oyster reef restoration typically creates complex habitat in regions where such habitat is limited or absent. While healthy oyster reefs provide structurally and ecologically complex habitat for many other species from all trophic levels including recreationally and commercially valuable transient finfishes, additional data is required to evaluate oyster reef habitats in the context of essential fish habitat. Patterns of transient fish species …
Plant Species Diversity And Composition: Experimental Effects On Marine Epifaunal Assemblages, Jd Parker, Je Duffy, R J. Orth
Plant Species Diversity And Composition: Experimental Effects On Marine Epifaunal Assemblages, Jd Parker, Je Duffy, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Plant diversity is believed to govern animal community structure, yet few studies have tested this relationship. We manipulated plant species diversity and composition (2 seagrasses and 3 seaweeds) and measured the abundance, diversity, and biomass of plant-associated macroinvertebrates in a temperate, estuarine seagrass community. Animal diversity was weakly but positively related to plant diversity (Simpson's 1 - lambda). Most indices of animal diversity, however, were more strongly related to total plant surface area than to plant diversity. Epifaunal abundance and biomass increased, whereas epifaunal diversity and evenness decreased with total plant surface area. Both food and habitat covary with plant …
Species-Specific Impacts Of Grazing, Amphipods In An Eelgrass-Bed Community, Je Duffy, Am Harvilicz
Species-Specific Impacts Of Grazing, Amphipods In An Eelgrass-Bed Community, Je Duffy, Am Harvilicz
VIMS Articles
Small, grazing invertebrates often benefit seagrasses by cropping their epiphytic algal competitors. Yet predictive relations between grazer abundance and seagrass performance are elusive, in significant part because of poorly understood diversity in mesograzer feeding biology. We conducted experiments in eelgrass Zostera marina microcosms to explore how differences in feeding between 2 common grazing amphipod taxa affected accumulation and species composition of epiphytes on eelgrass, as well as amphipod population growth, competition and production, over a 4-week period in summer. Gammarus mucronatus and ampithoids (a mixture of Cymadusa compta and Ampithoe longimana) were stocked, singly and in combination, along with a …
Magnitude And Variability Of Benthic And Pelagic Metabolism In A Temperate Coastal Lagoon, Kj Mcglathery, Iris C. Anderson, Ac Tyler
Magnitude And Variability Of Benthic And Pelagic Metabolism In A Temperate Coastal Lagoon, Kj Mcglathery, Iris C. Anderson, Ac Tyler
VIMS Articles
In shallow coastal systems where most of the seafloor lies within the photic zone, benthic photoautotrophy is likely to play a key role in regulating carbon and nitrogen cycling. We measured dissolved inorganic carbon exchanges in seasonal microcosm incubations to determine the relative importance of benthic (with and without macroalgae) and water column metabolism at 3 sites located along a nutrient gradient in a coastal barrier-island lagoon on the eastern shore of Virginia. When coupled with data on in situ biomass, the incubations clearly indicated a seasonality in the dominance of primary producers at the sites, with benthic primary producers …
A Comparative Field Study Of Crassostrea Ariakensis (Fujita 1913) And Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin 1791) In Relation To Salinity In Virginia, G. W. Calvo, Mark Luckenbach, Standish K. Allen Jr., E. M. Burreson
A Comparative Field Study Of Crassostrea Ariakensis (Fujita 1913) And Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin 1791) In Relation To Salinity In Virginia, G. W. Calvo, Mark Luckenbach, Standish K. Allen Jr., E. M. Burreson
VIMS Articles
We examined survival, growth, and disease susceptibility of triploid Crassostrea ariakensis (= rivularis) and compared results with that of diploid Crassostrea virginica. Two hundred and fifty oysters (age = 2 yr, mean shell height = 60-64 mm) of each species were deployed at duplicate sites, (Chesapeake Bay, and the Atlantic Coast of Virginia) within low, medium, and high salinity regimes respectively (< 15%, 15-25%, > 25%). Over the course of the study, from June 1998 to September 1999, C. virginica exhibited low survival, modest growth and high disease susceptibility. In contrast, C. ariakensis exhibited high survival, high growth rate, and low disease susceptibility. …
Development And Verification Of A Model For The Population Dynamics Of The Protistan Parasite, Perkinsus Marinus, Within Its Host, The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, In Chesapeake Bay, Lmr Calvo, Rl Wetzel, Em Burreson
Development And Verification Of A Model For The Population Dynamics Of The Protistan Parasite, Perkinsus Marinus, Within Its Host, The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, In Chesapeake Bay, Lmr Calvo, Rl Wetzel, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
A simulation model was developed to investigate the population dynamics of the protistan parasite, Perkinsus marinus, within its host, the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The main objective was to evaluate the relationship between P. marinus population dynamics and environmental conditions in order to predict the onset and termination of P. marinus epizootics in Chesapeake Bay oyster populations. Information derived from laboratory experiments and from direct field observations of P. marinus dynamics in the James River for the years 1990 to 1993 was utilized for model development. The individual-based model, which is driven by temperature and salinity, tracks the average within-host …
Nitrogen Cycling Through A Fringing Marsh-Aquifer Ecotone, Cr Tobias, Iris C. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Sa Macko
Nitrogen Cycling Through A Fringing Marsh-Aquifer Ecotone, Cr Tobias, Iris C. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Sa Macko
VIMS Articles
Fringing wetlands are critical components of estuarine systems, and subject to water fluxes from both watersheds and estuaries. To assess the effect of groundwater discharge on marsh nitrogen cycling, we measured N-cycling in sediments from a fringing mesohaline marsh in Virginia which receives a seasonal groundwater input. Mineralization, nitrification, potential denitrification (DNF), and potential dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates were estimated along with porewater concentrations of oxygen, sulfide, and conductivity during high (May 1997) and low (October 1997) groundwater discharge. All N-cycling processes were confined to the upper 1 to 1.5 m of marsh, where organic matter and …
Swimming Mechanics And Behavior Of The Shallow-Water Brief Squid Lolliguncula Brevis, Ian K. Bartol, Mark R. Patterson, Roger L. Mann
Swimming Mechanics And Behavior Of The Shallow-Water Brief Squid Lolliguncula Brevis, Ian K. Bartol, Mark R. Patterson, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Although squid are among the most versatile swimmers and rely on a unique locomotor system, little is known about the swimming mechanics and behavior of most squid, especially those that swim at low speeds in inshore waters. Shallow-water brief squid Lolliguncula brevis, ranging in size from 1.8 to 8.9 cm in dorsal mantle length (DML), were placed in flumes and videotaped, and the data were analyzed using motion-analysis equipment. Flow visualization and force measurement experiments were also performed in water tunnels. Mean critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) ranged from 15.3 to 22.8 cm s–1 …
A Study Of The Arkshell Clams, Noetia Ponderosa (Say 1822) And Anadara Ovalis (Bruguière 1789), In The Oceanside Lagoons And Tidal Creeks Of Virginia, Katherine A. Mcgraw, Michael Castagna, Loveday Conquest
A Study Of The Arkshell Clams, Noetia Ponderosa (Say 1822) And Anadara Ovalis (Bruguière 1789), In The Oceanside Lagoons And Tidal Creeks Of Virginia, Katherine A. Mcgraw, Michael Castagna, Loveday Conquest
VIMS Articles
Two species of arkshell (''blood'') clams. Noelia ponderosa and Anadara ova/is. have recently been targeted by watermen on the eastern shore of Virginia for sale to both East and West Coast markets in the United States. Until 1991. fishermen caught both species in the harvest of oysters and hard clams, and discarded them as bycatch with little value. Very little is known about either species of blood clam. and preliminary data from a pilot study in 1993 indicated that they were being over-fished. We conducted a survey in September 1994 in the oceanside lagoon system along the eastern shore of …
Fishing Skill In Developing Country Fisheries: The Kedah, Malaysia Trawl Fishery, K. Kuperan Viswanathan, Ishak Haji Omar, Yongil Jeon, James Kirkley, Et Al
Fishing Skill In Developing Country Fisheries: The Kedah, Malaysia Trawl Fishery, K. Kuperan Viswanathan, Ishak Haji Omar, Yongil Jeon, James Kirkley, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Fishing skillis perceived to play a crucial role in catching fish. The
question arises for fishery managers as to whether or not there are observable
and measurable attributes of the skipper or vessel hat can be monitored and
regulated to account for skipper skill and, hence,this source of fishing capacity.
Equating technical efficiency with skipper skill, this paper evaluates technical
efficiency and skipper skill in the Kedah, Malaysia,trawl fishery to address this
issue.