Life Sciences Commons^™

Characterizing Fines To Predict Their Performance In A Sheet Of Paper, Rodney W. Tibboles

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Many studies have been performed with the purpose of determining the effects of fines on paper properties. However, many of these studies fail to develop characterizations of the fines themselves before relating the presence of these fines to sheet properties. This study first developed complete characterizations of fines and then related the properties of the fines to properties of paper containing these fines.

Bleached kraft, unbleached kraft, and TMP pulps from a southern pine were used in this project. Characterization of the fines included determination of physical features of the fines, size distribution, water retention value (WRV), drainability, and compressibility. …

Non-Chlorine Bleaching Of Soda-Anthraquinone Pulp, Kevin D. Miller

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

The objective of this project is to apply the soda-anthraquinone pulping process and non-chlorine bleaching sequences in the formation of a pulp with market brightness levels. The bleaching sequences applied in this project will be evaluated from pulp brightness and brightness reversion. The non-chlorine bleaching sequences evaluated include the ODEP, ODED, and OPEP.

An Analysis Of Chemithermomechanical Pulp (Ctmp) In The Production Of Rotogravure Paper, Christine L. Harrington

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

Current trends in the printing industry are shifting towards rotogravure printing processes. Today, rotogravure printing is responsible for 20% of the printing industry and is growing rapidly. The printing industry is moving towards rotogravure processes for high print quality for long run jobs.

The most commonly found examples of the rotogravure printing process are: "cheaper" catalogues, periodicals, tabloids, directories, newspaper inserts and the "Sunday supplement." Some of America's most popular magazines, for example, Reader's Digest, TV Guide, Better Homes and Gardens, Women's Day and many others are printed using rotogravure processes (1).

As the main supplier to the printing …

Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Of Ctmp To Optimize Brightness, Donald S. Kasik

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing bleaching agent that is utilized extensively in the pulp and paper industries to bleach cellulosic fibers to high brightness levels. The main advantage of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulps is the high yield. Peroxide used under mild alkaline conditions can significantly increase brightness 10-20 points by oxidizing lignin constituents without actual lignin degradation. Due to peroxides' inherent quality of lignin preservation, it is an excellent bleach for application to CTMP. This allows a high yield process like BCTMP to compete with kraft pulp in application to many grades of paper.

Peroxide is an expensive …

Degree Of Call Synchrony During Interactions Between Male Snowy Tree Crickets, James W. Popp

Field Station Bulletins

Call synchrony has been reported for the snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus fultoni), but the degree to which it occurs in natural interactions has not been previously investigated. I recorded acoustic interactions among ten pairs of male snowy tree crickets to determine the degree to which call synchrony occurs. High levels of call synchrony (percent of calls that temporally overlapped another call) were found in all pairs, but in only half of the pairs was synchrony greater than expected by chance. Males differed considerably in their tendency to temporally overlap the calls of their neighbors. There was minimal frequency overlap of …

Alien Plant Species In Eastern Wisconsin Natural Areas, Lawrence A. Leitner

Field Station Bulletins

An expanded study of non-native plant species in eastern Wisconsin Natural Areas resulted in a total of 64 exotics being found. The most abundant were Rhamnus cathartica, Taraxacum officinale, and Berberis thunbergii. Sites suffering the greatest degrees of invasion were the oak openings, while the more mesic areas appeared relatively resistant.

Development Of Vegetation In Wetlands Restored On Ozaukee County Conservation Reserve Program Lands, James A. Reinartz, Elizabeth L. Warne

Field Station Bulletins

We studied the natural revegetation of six wetlands created in 1988 and six wetlands created in 1989 in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin. By describing the flora and vegetation of these two sets of wetlands we could compare the development of plant communities in one- and two-year old wetlands. Of the 119 species found in the 12 wetlands, 64% were native, 62% were wetland plants, and 65% were perennials. More species were found in two-year old than in one-year old wetlands. There was also a strong correlation between wetland size and the number of species present during the first year after construction. …

Malaysian Deforestation Proceeds Apace, Paul Faulstich

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

A hunger fast, dubbed Fast Action, was staged in front of the Japanese Consulate General in Honolulu on July 20 to protest the destruction of the most ancient and biologically diverse ecosystem on Earth. Organized by Hawai'i Earth First! and the O'ahu Rainforest Action Group, Fast Action was designed to alert people to the destruction of tropical rainforests in Sarawak, Malaysia. Protesters demanded on immediate moratorium on the cutting of rainforests in,which the Penan and other-native peoples live.

Visitor Characteristics And Attitudes Toward Policies In The Irish Wilderness Of Southern Missouri, Debra Lynn Bumpus

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Questionnaires which assessed attitudes toward wilderness policies and behavioral norms were distributed to individuals at the Irish Wilderness, in the surrounding communities, and to conservation groups. Questions were designed to describe general wilderness policies and also those policies specific to the Irish Wilderness. The Irish Wilderness, located in southeastern Missouri, was designated as a national wilderness area in 1984. Prior to this 1986 study, no previous studies had been conducted in the area to describe visitor characteristics and attitudes toward wilderness management policies. A comparison was also made between the attitudes of the Irish Wilderness visitor and of Pacific Northwest …

Forest Canopies: Form And Functional Relationships, Steven B. Jack

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forest canopy structure is strongly influenced by stand density due to changing competitive interactions among the individual trees and in turn directly influences stemwood volume production. The structure and dynamics of forest canopies, particularly in relation to the production of stemwood, were examined in unmanaged, even-aged stands of two dissimilar tree species, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. and Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. The analysis of structure-production relationships was guided by a conceptual model which generated hypotheses and led to examination of assumptions incorporated in the model.

Mean crown dimensions were related to stand density through a negative exponential function for …

Vascular Plants Of The Uwm Field Station Area, James A. Reinartz

Field Station Bulletins

Since 1967, Field Station staff and volunteers have been assembling a vascular plant species list and herbarium for the Field Station. For the purpose of this list the Field Station area is defined as a 15.5 km2 (6 mi2) area that includes all of the Cedarburg Bog, the Sapa Spruce Bog and the uplands surrounding the Field Station and uplands immediately peripheral to the Bog. The vascular plant species list includes 681 taxa (species, varieties, forms, and named hybrids) in 97 families. 455 of these taxa, collected from the area, are contained in the Field Station herbarium. The list is …

Improved Useage Of Recycled Board In Corrugating Medium, Ramon J. Altobelli

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Research was conducted to determine the optimum furnish of corrugating medium with the intentions of increasing the amount of recycled fiber in this furnish.

Furnishes were made up of various ratios of a recycled fiber source to a virgin fiber source, along with three different levels of refining. A starch additive was also used on a second set of these groups to help increase some of the properties by increasing the interfiber bonding.

The results indicated that increased recycled fiber produced the sheet with the optimum conditions. Also, with an addition of starch as a dry strength additive, the results …

The Effect Of Fines And Filler In Forward Centricleaners On Contaminant Removal Efficiency, Alan R. Kaczanowski

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In this study, the effect of fines and filler content on a forward centricleaner's contaminant removal efficiency is evaluated. The paper industry has assumed that centricleaner contaminant removal efficiency is not influenced by the presence of clay or fines. However, it has never been documented. Thus, at the paper machine, centricleaners operate at the same efficiency at 1.0% consistency with 15 or 30% clay. The same assumption has also been made with fines content in the white water loop, which can vary from day to day depending on what specific grade is being made. This thesis has concentrated on whether …

The Effects Of A Formation Shower And Serrated Slice On A Pilot Plant Papermachine, Jeffrey M. Cady

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a formation shower and serrated slice on formation, with comparison of an existing fourdrinier shake, at normal operating headbox consistencies and higher than normal consistencies. By replacing the shake with one of the other methods, metal fatigue could be stopped at the pivot point of the oscillating fourdrinier. The high consistency was used to determine if one of these alternative devices would eliminate flocculation tendencies and allow the reduction of water removal demand.

The papermachine used in this study was a pilot plant machine running at 60 FPM and …

Drainage Dynamics In A Linerboard Furnish, Craig D. Iman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Predicting the performance of drainage aids in a linerboard furnish is a difficult task. Existing tests such as the Canadian Standard Freeness test, Schopper-Riegler, and drainage tube are not adequate tests. These tests only simulate one-half of the paper machine. Unfortunately the section they model is of minor importance in linerboard.

The findings of this project suggest that linerboard is more dependent upon the vacuum induced drainage zone than it is on the free drainage zone. The vacuum zone is dependent upon the formation of the sheet. Therefore, if the formation of the sheet is improved the couch solids will …

The Economic Optimization Of Baffles To Disperse Tio2 In Open Impeller Agitators, Steve C. Ratliff

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This project began with an observation of a coating make-down tank at a nearby paper mill. The make down tank, a cowles dissolver, was being used to disperse and mix pigment and other common coating ingredients. Because the tank was unbaffled, the circulating suspension climbed the walls of the vessel, and could only be half filled to prevent overflowing.

There is a view held by some people that good dispersion cannot be obtained when baffles are used in these tanks. This paper mill obviously held this view.

The basic motivation for this thesis was the fact that the paper industry …

A Study Of Bleach Effluents From Oxidative Extraction, Thomas R. Slusarczyk

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

During the 1970's oxygen delignification was primarily undertaken before the bleaching stages in a pulp mill. However, towards the end of the 1970's further research was done to promote the use of oxygen as a decoloring agent within the bleaching stages. This was warranted because oxygen delignification was known to promote decreased chemical consumption, mainly chlorine. The process that was developed came to be known as oxidative extraction. This process has become very popular due to the fact that it is easier to install and operate than the conventional oxygen delignification system. Some other advantages that this process offers are …

An Ester Chemirefinermechanical Pulping Feasibility Study, Glenda Lea Sneden

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Conventional pulping processes (kraft and sulfite) utilize sulfur compounds which pose pollution problems for the environment. This environmental issue has served as a driving force in the development of a feasible sulfur-free pulping process which can deliver pulp of equal (or better) quality as compared to pulps from conventional pulping processes.

An answer to this problem has been searched for in the area of solvent pulping. A recent and promising extension of solvent pulping technology is the ester pulping process.

The Role Of Degree Of Substitution Of Cationic Starch On Optimizing Retention, Christopher C. Gross

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of my work was to show experimentally with the use of statistics whether it is more beneficial to optimize the degree of substitution of a cationic starch rather than the addition rate to maximize retention.

Fines retention as measured using the Dynamic Retention/Drainage Jar (Britt Jar), served as the method of experimental evaluation. Three starches were studied ranging in degree of substitution from 0.014 to 0.0833 at a constant molecular weight. Calcium carbonate was used as the filler fraction because it can be quantitatively analyzed via an EDTA titration. Starch furnish used was four, eight, and twelve pounds …

Cost-Effective Wilderness Fire Management: A Case Study In Southern California, Christian A. Childers, Douglas D. Piirto

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Federal wilderness fire management policies have been scrutinized since the catastrophic fires in the Greater Yellowstone Area in 1988. While wilderness tire management objectives are still aimed at recreating natural fire regimes, all USDA Forest Service fire management programs must be cost-effective. Since current Forest Service economic analyses do not fully represent the value of fire to wilderness, a cost-effectiveness analysis was developed to compare wilderness fire management options. The analytical procedure is briefly reviewed, illustrated through a southern California case study and case study results are discussed. These results suggest that containment of some tires may be more cost-effective …

Pneumatic Metering Of Hardwood Tree Seeds, Larry G. Wells, T. W. Richards, Timothy D. Smith, George B. Day

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

A commercial, no-till row planter was extensively modified for use in direct seeding of hardwood tree species in surface mine reclamation. A pneumatic seed metering system was designed, fabricated, and mounted on the planter frame.

The metering device was tested under laboratory conditions which simulated varying terrain slope and field speed with seeds of various hardwood tree species. Metering efficiencies of 97% were achieved for pin oak seeds at 3.2 km/hr (2.0 m/h) and 50% slope. For red oak, 97% efficiency was achieved for 50% slope at 4.0 km/h (2.5 mph). Unsatisfactory metering was noted during tests of larger seeds, …

Agroforestry : Integration Of Trees Into The Agricultural Landscape, P R. Scott

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Protecting The Remnants, Glenis Ayling

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Our native flora and fauna do best in their own environment, so one way of protecting them is to conserve and maintain areas of remnant vegetation throughout our farmlands. This is the aim of the Remnant Vegetation Protection Scheme in which the State Government helps private landholders to voluntarily fence off and manage areas of native vegetation on farms.

Mississippi’S Furniture Industry Provides A Market For Forest Products, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

If you own timberland in Mississippi that has a hardwood component, you definitely should be interested in the furniture industry and the outlook for the use of wood in this market. The furniture industry provides a ready market for high quality hardwoods, as well as for lower quality hardwood timber; the outlook for the use of wood of both types is very favorable - particularly in the production of upholstered and non-upholstered furniture for household use.

Thinning And Harvesting Regimesf Or Yellow-Poplar, Gary D. Kronrad, C. Franklin, D. Hazel, R. Rucker

Faculty Publications

Grade I yellow-popular logos were recently selling for $150/mbf, three times the price for grade 2 logs in North Carolina. A computerized stand development model was used to examine the profitability of thinning and holding yellow poplar stands for increased diameter and grade. Analyses were done over wide ranges in stand age, site quality, and stocking, at 5% and 10% discount rates. At a 5% discount rate, the maximum net present stumpage value was obtained by thinning in most regimes. Lower stand age, higher initial stocking, and higher site indices favored thin-clearcut regimes over regimes with no initial thinning. At …

Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers Vs Rat Snakes: The Effectiveness Of The Resin Barrier, D. Craig Rudolph, Howard Kyle, Richard N. Conner

Faculty Publications

Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) excavate resin wells in the immediate vicinity of roost and nest cavity entrances. Resin wells are worked regularly, resulting in a copious and persistent resin flow that coats the tree trunk, especially below cavity entrances. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers also scale loose bark from cavity trees and closely adjacent trees. These two behaviors result in smooth, sticky surfaces surrounding cavity entrances. Climbing experiments on cavity, scaled, and control trees using rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta) demonstrate that these behaviors produce a resinous barrier that is highly effective in preventing predatory snakes from gaining access to active Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities.

Experimental Reintroduction Of Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers, D. Craig Rudolph, Howard Kyle, Richard N. Conner

Faculty Publications

The Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) is an endangered species endemic to the pine forests of the southeastern United States (Jackson 1971). Deforestation and habitat alteration have severely affected Red-cockaded Woodpecker populations; current populations are isolated and most are declining (Jackson 1971, Lennartz et al. 1983, Conner and Rudolph 1989, Costa and Escano 1989). The species has been extirpated from significant areas of suitable or potentially suitable habitat.

"What's Past Is Prologue": Our Legacy - Our Future, 1990 National Interpreters Workshop, David Kulhavy, Michael Legg

eBooks

"... the topics of the papers presented at the 1990 National Interpreters Workshop reflect a dynamic NAI membership. While firmly rooted to principles which have been developed in over a millennium, presenters show a healthy use of past knowledge as prologue to an active, vital present ..."

Trends Of Hardwood Lumber Use In Making Household Furniture., Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Hardwood lumber has long been a "mainstay" raw material for U.S. furniture makers. Its importance relative to other raw materials, however, has changed significantly during the past 40 to 50 years.

The Geography Of Home Furnishings Sales In The U.S., Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Sales by U.S. "furniture and home furnishings" stores were nearly $75 billion in 1987, the year of the most recent Census of Retail Trade. The sales total includes $26 billion for "furniture" stores, $16 billion for "homefurnishings" stores, $8 billion for "household appliance" stores, and $24 billion for "radio, television, computer, and music" stores.

The 1987 Census of Retail Trade reports sales for the combined category, furniture and home furnishings, for all U.S. states, counties, and metropolitan areas. In this article, therefore, the term "furniture and home furnishings" refers to combined sales for all of the store types in Table …