Life Sciences Commons^™

Ozonation Of Secondary Effluent For Color Removal, Michael Patton

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various ozone concentrations when applied to secondary kraft effluent in regards to color removal. The influence of effluent temperature upon the color removal capabilities of ozone was also investigated to determine the optimal ozone reaction temperature or the temperature which would result in the greatest color reduction at a given ozone concentration.

The study was conducted by injecting ozone at three different concentrations of 20, 30 and 40 mg/liter into a temperature controlled column of secondary kraft effluent obtained from S.D. Warren Company in Muskegon, Michigan. The temperature was …

The Effect Of Filler Type And Level On Inframike And Moistron Moisture Measurement And Accuray Basis Weight Measurement, Robert G. Tomich

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The following report is a study on the effects of filler type and level on the Inframike, Moistron and Accuray Basis Weight. Specifically, the effects of clay talc and Ti0₂ were investigated at 5%, 10·%, and 15% addition levels.

The Inframike was affected linearly by all three filters. The Moistron was not affected by talc and clay, but it was affected in a non-uniform manner by Ti0₂. The Accuray was not affected by clay and it was affected linearly by talc and Ti0₂.

Effects Of Surface Sizing Agents On Bod Of Recycled Papers, Lynn Berry

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Surface sizing agents can be major contributors to a mill's BOD loading. A 2% solids application of polyvinyl alcohol will give little or no BOD as compared to a high BOD resulting from a 8% solids application of anionic and cationic starch. The use of polyvinyl alcohol will give equivalent or better strength properties along with better sizing and high wax picks with only about one-half to three-quarters of a pound pick up per 3300 ft². High sizing values were achieved with the starches but at higher pick up levels. Polyvinyl alcohol could be best used in combination …

No-Sulfur Semi-Chemical Pulping With Na2Co3 And Naoh, James P. Hanson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Na₂CO₃/NaOH cooking liquors were evaluated as possible pulping agents for the production of semichemical pulp for use in corrugating medium. Optimum ratios of Na₂CO₃/NaOH were found to be 2/1 to 4/1. Pulp produced with ratios within these figures were equal to tensile and concora and higher in yield when compared to NSSC pulp made at the same temperature, time and Na₂O/chip ratio. By increasing either the time or the Na₂O, higher tensile and concora tests were obtained but with a slight sacrifice in yield. Na₂CO_{3 …}

The Effect Of Three Different Surface Sizes On Coated Sheet Properties, Roy W. Kemppainen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature search showed that although much work has been done on the mechanism of coating migration (1, 3, 5) and the influence of base sheet properties on migration (2, 8). No reports were found on the influence of different surface sizes on coating migration. The functions of a surface size in coating base stock is threefold. First, it is to resist excessive water penetration so that the sheet will retain sufficient strength for the coating operation. Second, the smoothness which it imparts is beneficial to further printing processes, especially in the case of offset. The third function of a …

Linear Programming As A Technique For Least Cost Furnish Analysis, James B. Keeler

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This study was a limited laboratory scale investigation of whether or not linear programming was a viable technique for determining the least cost furnish blends. It is original in that it used actual laboratory developed data for input to determine the linear programming model, and the results were actually produced in the laboratory to see if constraints were met. The materials used were a bleached hardwood, a bleached softwood, tab cards, clay and TiO₂. It was found that requirements of linearity and averaging inherent in the linear programming caused results which were not as accurate as needed. However, …

Investigation Of The Static Mixer For Improved Heat Transfer To Black Liquors, Bruce J. Redmond

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this experiment was to determine an improved method by which evaporation of kraft black liquors to the 50 to 65% total solids level could be sufficiently performed in multiple effect evaporators. This would eliminate the need of the highly malordorous direct contact evaporators which are presently used. Heat transfer characteristics of the Kenics Static Mixer were examined to determine if its application in multiple effect evaporator tubes would possibly reduce viscous liquor film layers which now hinder heat transfer. A single pass heat exchange unit that allowed removal of the inner tube and its replacement by a …

Use Of Brazilian Clays For Coating Formulations, Rubens Pellegrini

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Foreword

The massive effort of the Brazilian Government to develop a stronger and more competitive industry has boosted the production of pulp and paper up to six times its level of 1969.

The increasing demand for coated papers has forced the industry to look for new domestic sources of clay and to try to use the internally available product. Besides the undesirable situation of dependency upon a source many thousands of miles way, the difference in cost is the most appealing factor of all.

Today the three largest pulp and paper producers in Brazil have their own mines to assure …

"The Evaluation Of Bacterial Cellulose From Acetobacter Xylinum As A Potential Papermaking Material", Thomas R. Arnson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Bacterial cellulose was biosynthesized by Acetobacter xylinum on an enriched growth medium of glucose, yeast extract and KH₂PO₄. The bacterial cellulose fibers were found to be about one-fourth the size of an average softwood fiber.

Pulp and paper total mill effluents and alfalfa extract were exchanged for the glucose and the yeast extract in the growth medium to see if they could substitute for these materials. Kraft and NSSC total mill effluents were found to substitute for the glucose. The alfalfa extract was found to be a better and cheaper material than the yeast extract. Acetobacter …

The Effects Of Molecular Weight, Agitation And Zeta Potential Of Retention Aids On Filler Retention, Trieu Nguyen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

When it comes to filler retention, the most frequently studied parameters are: Molecular weight of the retention aid, degree of agitation, and zeta potential.

Alum, as an electrolyte, and various polymers of the same chemical structure, but different molecular weights were evaluated for their performances in retaining TiO₂. Different degrees of agitation were introduced to the stock to investigate the effect of turbulence on retention, and, finally, zeta potential was varied to observe its effect.

Higher molecular weight polymer was found to produce better retention. On the other hand, agitation reduced it. Retention seemed to be favorable with …