Life Sciences Commons^™

The Use Of Cationic Agents To Increase The Efficiency Of Titanium Dioxide In Paper, Richard Clapp

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Handsheets were made with a bleached sulfite pulp, titanium dioxide and cationic agents. The optical properties of these sheets were studied in order to determine and compare the efficiency of the titanium dioxide retained. The cationic agents used in this study were a quaternary ammonium salt, a polyamide, cationic starches made with these two chemicals, and a commercial cationic starch.

When the optical properties of handsheets made from these substances were compared, it was found that the quaternary ammonium salt gave the highest opacity but the lowest retention. The polyamide gave lower opacities but higher retentions. The cationic starches made …

Effectiveness Of Titanium Dioxide In Beater And Coating Applications, Alptekin Akman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Titanium dioxide has been used as a filler and coating pigment in the manufacture of paper products for many years. In addition to its ability to make papers whiter and brighter, it is a most important opacifying material.

Since brightness, whiteness, and opacity are very important properties of paper, this report deals with beater applications where the pigment serves to brighten and opacify the sheet with minimum loading or filling, coating applications, and the combination of both. The effectiveness of the titanium dioxide is investigated by testing the coated and the loaded hand sheets for brightness, opacity, and gloss.

Peracetic Acid Pulping Of Aspen Chips, Robert F. Dillman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Ten cooks were carried out after an acceptable experimental procedure was found.

The brightness obtained was extremely high when compared to conventional cooks. All cooks gave a very low permanganate number. The yield ranged from 60 percent to 54 percent with 58 to 96 percent peracetic acid on the oven dry weight of the chips.

Enzyme Hydrolysis As A Method Of Rendering Casein Adhesives Suitable For Use In High-Solids Paper Coating, Robert E. Julianus

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to explore the use of enzyme conversion as a method of reducing the viscosity of casein without substantially affecting its adhesive strength. By doing so casein could be made applicable for use in high-solids coatings, where both low coating viscosity and high adhesive strength as desirable.

With this objective in mind casein samples were hydrolized to different degrees using enzymes, and the strength and viscosity properties of the adhesive were studied. Coatings were prepared at various solids contents using the converted casein as the coating adhesive. The viscosities of the coatings were measured, and …

The Influence Of Refining Upon Stormer Viscosity Values, Louis Wilhelm

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In this paper the author has attempted to investigate the influence of refining upon Stormer Viscosity readings. The variable controlled were beating time, consistency and temperature.

The instruments used were the Valley Beater, the Stormer Viscometer and the Bauer McNett Fiber Classifier.

Forestry Bulletin No. 10: Texas Pulpwood Production, Nelson T. Samson

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

An analysis by the forestry economist Nelson T. Samson of pulpwood production in Texas, including make-up, output and trends.

B640: An Evaluation Of The Distribution Of Trucked Pulpwood In East-Central Maine, Thomas J. Corcoran, Daniel I. Schroeder, David B. Thompson

Bulletins

The movement of pulpwood from forest to market can be a critical and costly activity. Many factors influence this movement and contribute to its complexity. In 1963, a study was undertaken to quantitatively describe the distribution patterns of trucked pulpwood for a representative area of the state of Maine.

The Effect Of Drying Conditions On The Surface Properties Of A Commercial Coating, Lowell Henry Livingston

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The air temperatures and velocities were varied in the tunnel dryer of a commercial coater to determine the effects on the coated surface. Laboratory drawdowns were also made using the same coating color and basestock only dried under different conditions. The coated sheets were then tested for IGT, Dennison wax pick, K&N ink receptivity, Smoothness, Scheid and Gloss to determine any relationships between drying rate and suface properties.

The Effect Of Variables On The Penetration Of Starch Applied At The Size Press And The Relationship Of Penetration To Strength Properties, Charles H. Durfy

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A sheet internally sized with rosin was impregnated at the size press with starch under varying conditions of temperature, moisture, and speed.

Penetration was studied with a view to final sheet properties. A sliding microtome was used to cross-section the sheets. The sections thus obtained were extracted with hot water and hydrochloric acid. A photocolormetric determination of starch was used utilizing the characteristic starch iodine reaction.

Increased temperature increased the pickup and penetration of starch. Increased moisture of the base paper initially aided pickup and penetration. High moisture tended to be retard pickup and penetration. Increasing machine speed increased pickup …

A Study Of The Efficiency Of Certain Starch-Cationic Resin Complexes, William E. Hellman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

An attempt is made herein to compare the efficiency of commercially available cationic starches and those prepared in the laboratory using a pearl corn starch and different cationic resins. The efficiency of each is determined through evaluation of the resulting wet-web strength and dry strength tests. Results show that cationic starches can be prepared in the mill and comparable strengths are obtained with their use.

It has long been known that cellulose developes a negative charge from the carboxyl groups when dispersed in water. The same effect is found when starch is diluted in water. Wet end addition of starch …

The Effect Of The Distance From The Size Press To The First Drier On Sheet Properties, Hugh K. Myers

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

It is the purpose of this thesis to attempt to evaluate the effect of the distance from the size press to the first drier on penetration and sheet properties. At a constant machine speed, this has the same effect as varying the dwell time of the starch on the sheet.

It has been found that an optimum distance or dwell time exists for strength properties, namely, breaking length and burst factor. The effect on air resistance and tear, however, is much greater than the effect on the above. Tear was found to increase 20% with dwell time. Air resistance experienced …

Peracetic Acid Oxidation Of Lignin Model Compounds, Ron Mckelvey

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Peracetic acid is being used to a limited extent as a bleaching agent for newsprint (1), and to a lesser extent, as a pulping agent, at least at the laboratory level (2). Haas, Schoch, and Ströle (3) report that peracetic acid is an excellent reagent for the preparation of holocellulose from wood. Ogait (4) also found that bleached cellulose could be obtained in 60 to 65% yield from wood and straw by the reaction of peracetic acid at 60 to 80°C. Haney, Martin and Sherk (5), and Poljac (6) have patented methods of oxidizing lignin in wood by peracetic acid. …

Improvement Of Heat Stability Of Paper Made From Sulfite And Kraft Pulps, Robert Perry Lynn

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Paper made from bleached sulphite and sulphate pulps and then treated with sodium alginate and antimony resin solutions show far less physical and chemical degradation with heat than these same papers when not treated with these solutions. Sodium alginate and antimony resins solutions appear to inhibit degradation up to 175C for 45 minutes but are not effective when the papers are heated to 210 C for 45 minutes. The paper made with bleached sulphate pulp and saturated with sodium alginate solution showed an appreciable increase in folding strength when heated at 175C for 45 minutes, which is most unusual.

The …

The Influence Of Low Viscosity Shear Of Pigments On Coated Papers Properties, John F. Schmitt

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This paper covers the effect of shear by a sigma blade kneader on the optical properties of a given filler clay. The object was to produce a delaminated clay with an appropriate particle size distribution that would give improved optical properties over the original filler clay and possibly another conventional coating clay at the same particle size distribution as the sheared clay.

The Effects Of Variables On The Penetration And Pickup Of Starch Applied At The Size Press, Leonard O. Eklund

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature research is presented concerning the pickup and penetration of starch at the size press. The literature research indicates there is very little quantitative results in this area. The objective of the experimental work is to determine the effect of starch temperature, sheet moisture, and machine speed on the penetration of starch into the sheet. The depth and quantity of penetration was obtained by using a spectrophotometer to determine the concentration of starch in microtomed samples.

The experimental results indicated that increased temperature of starch solutions and increased machine speeds increases penetration. Penetration also increases with increasing moisture content …

The Effect Of Infrared Drying Rates On The Optical Properties Of Starch-Clay Coatings, Ray Ludwa

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of varying rates of infrared drying on a starch-clay coated sheet, in-so-far as optical properties are concerned. Gloss may be increased by drying the coated side of the sheet, while brightness and opacity show decreases. There is an optimum rate of drying for a starch-clay coated sheet. Metal surfaces under a coated sheet being dried with infrared radiation materially effects the optical properties.

The Effect Of High Velocity Shear On Coating Properties, Richard Wilhelm

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The chief reason for this work was to investigate the effect of a high velocity shear imparted to a NoKarb clay by a Cowles Dissolver at 5600 rpm.

After 12-hour shearing period drawdowns were made of both the sheared and unsheared clays. Comparisons were then made with respect to brightness, opacity, gloss, Bekk Smoothness, Dennison Wax pick, and K and N Ink Holdout using a starch and a styrene butadiene adhesive.