Life Sciences Commons^™

Community Ecology, Robert K. Rose, Elmer C. Birney

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

COMMUNITIES with Microtus tend to be structurally simple, usually grasslands or tundra, and to have no more than two species of Microtus and rarely more than six species of small mammals. Microtus often dominates both numerically and in total small mammal biomass, especially at higher latitudes. The small mammal community is most influenced by Microtus through its fluctuations in density, and thus also in biomass, by its relatively high level of diurnal activity, and by its year-round activity. Other species of small mammals may be adversely affected because Microtus usually is larger and behaviorally dominant and also because the mere …

Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Report, H Y. Forsythe Jr, Jeffrey Holmes, F L. Caruso, M G. Zuck, John M. Smagula, Edward J. Mclaughlin, Jeff Risser, Mike Goltz, Dana Nelson, Sharon Roberts, Judy Gates, Moody F. Trevett, Tom Cs Yang, David E. Yarborough, Antonia L. Hoelper, D C. Emerson

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1984 edition of the Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Control, biology, and ecology of insects affecting lowbush blueberries .

2. Chemical control of mummyberry disease (Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi)

3. New Fungicides for control of Botrytis blossom blight

4. Nutritional survey of selected lowbush blueberry fields

5. Interaction of fertility and pruning practices on soil characteristics and lowbush blueberry growth and …

Biology And Distribution Of Species Of Polyacanthonotus (Pisces, Notacanthiformes) In The Western North-Atlantic, Re Crabtree, Kj Sulak, Ja Musick

VIMS Articles

The notacanthid genus Poiyacanthonotus is represented in the Atlantic by three species of demersal deep-sea fishes at depths from about 500-3,800 m. Recent collections have made available new material from the temperate and tropical western North Atlantic for life history study of P. merretti and P. rissoanus. Species of the genus are browsers on small benthic macrofauna including polychaetes, gammaridean amphipods, and mysids. Reproduction does not appear to be seasonal. Fecundity is positively correlated with size in P. merretti, and ranges between 1,900-5,700 ova. Fecundities are much higher (ca. 20,000-30,000 ova) in P. rissoanus and P. cha/lengeri, which attain a …

Effect On Receiving Diets Containing Alfalfa And Certain Feed Additives On Performance Of Feeder Pigs Transported Long Distances, M. C. Brumm, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of receiving diets containing alfalfa meal and certain feed additives on performance of comingled feeder pigs transported 900 to 1,100 kin. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of 9.4% dehydrated alfalfa meal in receiving diets for 2 wk resulted in no difference (P>.I) in gain or feed conversion from purchase to market compared with pigs fed a basal corn-soybean meal (CS) diet or a diet containing 20% ground whole oats (O). In Exp. 2, pigs fed receiving diets containing 10% dehydrated alfalfa meal had no improvement (P>. 1) in gain (.60 …

Effect Of Source Of Dietary Energy And Energy Restriction During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance, J. L. Nelsson, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The effects of source of energy and energy restriction during lactation on sow and litter performance were investigated in an experiment with 90 primiparous sows. At parturition, the sows were randomly assigned to diets containing either tallow or cornstarch as a major energy source.

An Evaluation Of Threonine And Isoleucine As The Third And Fourth Limiting Amino Acids In Corn For Growing Swine, D. A. Grosbach, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A metabolism experiment and two growth experiments were conducted to determine if threonine and isoleucine are the third and fourth limiting amino acids in corn for growing swine. In each experiment there were four dietary treatments. The basal diet contained corn fortified with minerals, vitamins, lysine and tryptophan. Threonine additions of 0 or .17% and isoleucine additions of 0 or .22% of the diet were evaluated in a 2 • 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The addition of threonine reduced (P<.001) the daily urinary excretion of urea N and total N. There was a tendency for urea N excretion to be reduced further when isoleucine was added in combination with threonine.

Effect Of Dietary Energy Intake During Lactation On Performance Of Primiparous Sows And Their Litters, J. L. Nelssen, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, J. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A total of 146 primiparous sows was used in four replications of an experiment to investigate the effect of energy intake during a 28-d lactation on sow and litter performance. Dietary treatments consisted of three energy intakes; 10, 12 or 14 Mcal of metabolizable energy (ME)·sow^{– 1} ·d^–1. All sows were fed equal amounts of crude protein, vitamins and minerals daily, which met or exceeded standard recommendations. The experiment was initiated at parturition. Sow weight and backfat loss during lactation decreased linearly (P

Comparison Of Iterative Procedures For Solving Equations For Sire Evaluation, L. Dale Van Vleck, D. J. Dwyer

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Gauss-Seidel, successive over-relaxation, end-of-round relaxation, and block iteration methods of obtaining solutions for sire effects from equations rising from progeny with records in mixed model procedures were compared. Equations transformed to provide direct solutions for genetic group plus sire effects as well as constrained and unconstrained equations were compared also. Equations for milk yield for the Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison numbered 301 for Ayrshires, 325 for Brown Swiss, 6,010 for Holsteins, and 926 for Jerseys after absorption of herd-year-season effects. Numbers of coefficients were 15 to 20% less for transformed equations, which decreased computing time per round of interation …

Extension Factors For Trimester Yields Of Milk And Fat, K. Agyemang, E. C. Clapp, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Evidence of problems with sire proofs of extended incomplete records suggests the desirability of another method of evaluating dairy bulls for milk that minimizes the need for extending records by instead considering yields of three parts of a lactation (days 1 to 90, 91 to 180, and 181 to 270) as distinct and separate traits. Records of less than 90 days (or 180 or 270 days) require extension to 90-day (or 180- or 270-day) equivalents. Last sample day production of 17,826, 15,282, and 12,115 first-lactation records of Holstein cows was used to calculate extension factors to predict remaining yields to …

Spermatozoon In Males And Inseminated Queens Of The Imported Fire Ants, B. Michael Glancey, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The Coulter Counter IIA, an automatic particle counter, was a fast, accurate device for counting spermatozoa in fire ants. Queens of Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant (RIFA) had an average 5,669,683 ± 48,148 spermatozoa in the spermatheca two weeks after mating.

Reminiscences: My Forty-Year Romance With Malaria, G. Robert Coatney

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Looking back some 55 years since beginning my graduate studies, I have come to appreciate my good fortune: (1) to have inaugurated and carried out, over a period of some 35 years, a three-pronged research program (birds, simians, and man) against the world's most important infectious disease-malaria -and during two-thirds of that time, carrying worrisome administrative responsibilities; (2) to have participated in national and international efforts towards alleviation and control of that disease; (3) to have had a remarkable group of professional and subprofessional people who shared all kinds of problems; (4) to have received full support of my scientific …

Antlers Of Bretzia And Odocoileus (Mammalia, Cervidae) And The Evolution Of New World Deer, Eric Paul Gustafson

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Antlers of New World deer (Cervidae), though of considerable taxonomic importance, are rarely found in deposits earlier than Late Pleistocene. The one reasonably well known Blancan deer, Bretzia pseudalces, whose antlers are known from deposits in Washington and California, is an odocoilene, closely related to Odocoileus. An analysis of antler form and distribution patterns suggests that the immigration and divergence of the New World Odocoileinae (excluding Alces and Rangifer) occurred in the latest Hemphillian and Early Blancan. Evolution of complexity in antler form in this group begins with a relatively simple pattern which lacks a brow tine …

Chemical And Radiological Composition Of Air And Ground Water Near The Mineralized Uranium Ore Deposit At Crawford, Nebraska, Arthur W. Struempler

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Data on chemical composition of ground water collected from the "post-Middle Chadron" Oligocene strata are compared with those from water of the basal Chadron hydrological unit in an area near Crawford, Nebraska, where uranium mineralization is known to occur. Uncorrected Eh values, using a calomel reference electrode, indicated water from the "post-Middle Chadron" Oligocene unit was positive, whereas water from the basal Chadron was negative. The basal Chadron waters contained lower levels of calcium and uranium and higher concentrations of sodium, chloride, sulfate, and total dissolved solids, than did waters from the "post-Middle Chadron" Oligocene zone. Radon and radium concentrations …

G85-742 Dollar Spot Disease Of Turfgrass, John E. Watkins, Terrance P. Riordan

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the symptoms and disease cycle of dollar spot, and provides recommendations for controlling this turfgrass disease.

Dollar spot of turfgrass is one of the most persistent diseases on golf courses in North America. All commonly grown turfgrasses in Nebraska may be attacked, but differences in susceptibility exist within cultivars of the various turf species. Presence of dollar spot in a well-managed lawn affects its aesthetic appearance and value, but usually does not threaten its survival. Lawns recover from dollar spot injury when conditions are favorable for vigorous, healthy growth.

G85-750 Terrace Systems For Nebraska, Elbert C. Dickey, Tom Hamer, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how different terrace shapes and systems can be used to reduce soil erosion losses on sloping fields. Loss of valuable topsoil to erosion prompted Nebraska farmers to build terraces as early as the 1920's. Current estimates indicate that water erodes as much as 140 million tons of soil annually from Nebraska's fields.

Ec85-107 Nebraska Proso Variety Tests, 1985, Lenis Alton Nelson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This circular is a progress report of variety trials conducted by personnel of the Panhandle Research and Extension Center and the High Plains and Northwest Agriculture Laboratories. Conduct of experiments and publication of results is a joint effort of the Agriculture Research Division and Cooperative Extension Service.

Ec85-414 Family Stress: Dealing With Blame, Virginia Molgaard

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

It's natural to look for someone or something to blame when things are not going well or when we are hurt or threatened. For example, persons threatened with the loss of the family farm may find their anguish eased a bit if they can find a place to put the blame.

This publication looks at how and why people blame each other, with emphasis on the current farm financial crisis. We will discover how to avoid blame that hurts us and the people we are blaming, and how to handle self-blame and being blamed by others.

Heg85-204 'Til Death Do Us Part...From The Minute After, Kathleen Prochaska-Cue

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide tells what to do after the death of a loved one, and how to plan to make your death easier for your survivors.

Death is a subject most people are uncomfortable discussing. But discussion and planning in advance of the death of someone close to you can save anguish -- and dollars.

This publication provides a checklist of what needs to be done immediately after a death, including a list of who needs to be notified, guidelines for decision-making immediately and sometime after death, sources of help for the survivors and suggestions on how to make your death …

G85-760 Natural Air Corn Drying, Richard O. Pierce, Thomas L. Thompson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses factors affecting natural air corn drying system performance, and gives recommendations for bins filled over a one- to two-day period.

Natural air drying is an energy efficient drying method that is particularly well suited to Nebraska weather conditions. A high quality dried product, with little of the stress cracking or heat damage associated with high temperature drying, is an added attraction. However, good management practices must be followed to achieve satisfactory drying results.

A major concern with this method is overloading the bin with corn too wet to be dried without spoilage or deterioration, especially when the …

G85-770 An Introduction To Grain Options On Futures Contracts, Lynn H. Lutgen, Lynne A. Todd

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication, the third of six NebGuides on agricultural grain options, explains how to use futures options as a marketing tool.

A new agricultural marketing tool is available to farmers. A futures agricultural option is much like an insurance policy. It is a marketing alternative that gives farmers insurance against unfavorable price moves, but allows producers to take advantage of favorable price moves. To better understand terms used in this paper, please see NebGuide G85-768, Basic Terminology For Understanding Grain Options.

G85-768 Basic Terminology For Understanding Grain Options, Lynn H. Lutgen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication, the first of six NebGuides on agricultural grain options, defines many of the terms commonly used in futures trading.

In order to properly understand examples and literature on options trading, it is imperative the reader understand the terminology used in trading grain options. The following list also includes terms commonly used in futures trading. These terms are included because the option is traded on an underlying futures contract position. It is an option on the futures market, not on the physical commodity itself. Therefore, a producer also needs a basic understanding of the futures market.

G85-762 Soybean Yield Loss Due To Hail Damage, Charles A. Shapiro, T.A. Peterson, A.D. Flowerday

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the methods used by the hail insurance industry to assess yield loss due to hail damage in soybeans. A hailstorm can cause yield losses in soybeans ranging from slight to total destruction of the crop. Extensive research has been conducted to accurately predict the effects of hail damage on soybean yields. Results from these studies are used by hail insurance companies to assess yield losses and consequent adjustment made to clients. The information in this NebGuide should be valuable to producers facing replant decisions, and may also be useful in cases of insect damage. Yield loss predictions …

Heg85-202 Cash Flow Planning Form: For Household Expenses, Kathleen Prochaska-Cue

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides detailed step-by-step instructions for filling out a cash flow plan for household living expenses.

What Is Cash Flow Planning?

A cash flow plan shows the sources, amounts and timing of income and expenses. It shows when major expenses will come, when you will need credit and when you can plan for other major expenses. A cash flow plan is usually for one year, but it can be for any time period you choose.

G85-752 Strawberry Cultivars For Nebraska, William A. Gustafson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The purpose of this NebGuide is to help you make the proper strawberry cultivar* (variety) selection for your area of the state and individual needs.

Proper strawberry cultivar selection is important for successful and satisfying results. Cultivar selection should be based on the family's intended use of the strawberry fruit (i.e. dessert use, freezing or preserves); on labor available to harvest the strawberries; and on available growing space.

G85-751 Thatch Prevention And Control (Revised July 1992), Roch E. Gaussoin, Terrance P. Riordan

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how thatch accumulation damages turfgrass sites, and gives methods for removing accumulations and preventing their reoccurrence.

Thatch is a problem on many turfgrass sites. It consists of a tightly intermingled layer of dead and decaying turfgrass tissues derived from stems, roots and leaves.

G85-758 Protective Clothing And Equipment For Pesticide Appliactors (Revised September 2002), Larry D. Schulze, Clyde Ogg

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Pesticides are valuable pest management tools, and like any tool, they must be used carefully and responsibly. Minimizing exposure is an important first step toward reducing your risk of pesticide poisoning. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) provides benefits to the applicator and is a visual expression of appropriate and legal pesticide use.\

Use all pesticides safely. Read the pesticide product label and comply with all directions. Failure to do so may not only subject you to state and/or federal penalties, but it also may place you, your family, and the environment at a greater risk of pesticide exposure.

G85-748 Prevention And Control Of Swine Dysentery, Gerald E. Duhamel, Alex Hogg, Barbara E. Straw

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the causes and symptoms of swine dysentery and offers management recommendations and treatment procedures for its prevention and control.

Swine dysentery is a highly contagious disease of growing and finishing pigs. First described in Indiana in 1921, it has been called black scours, bloody scours, and vibrionic dysentery.

Swine dysentery causes important financial losses because of reduced feed efficiency and lower weight gain, costs of medication and additional animal care, and death. Substantial costs may result from loss of sales of breeding stock, or depopulation when necessary. Serpula (Treponema) hyodysenteriae, a spiral bacterium, is the cause …

G85-747 Enteric Diseases (Scours) Of Swine, Alex Hogg, Alfonso Torres

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes four major enteric diseases of swine, and discusses the cause, clinical signs, differential diagnosis, treatment, and control of each.

Four of the most important infectious enteric diseases of swine are reviewed in this publication. These include colibacillosis, transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), rotavirus, and enterotoxemia (clostridial enteritis). A fifth disease, swine dysentery, is discussed in NebGuide G85-748.

G85-761 Feed Additives For Beef Cattle, Rick Stock, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses feed additives, including how they work, feeding restrictions and feeding recommendations.

One of the best methods to reduce feed costs is through the use of feed additives. Their primary effects are to improve feed efficiency and/or daily gain. Some feed additives have secondary benefits which include reducing the incidence of acidosis, coccidiosis, and grain bloat, while others suppress estrus, reduce liver abscesses, or control foot rot problems.

Feed additives can be divided into five general categories: 1) ionophores; 2) antibiotics; 3) estrus suppressants; 4) buffers; and 5) others. Each feed additive has its own characteristics and feeding …

G85-759 Prominent Congenital Defects In Nebraska Beef Cattle, J. L. Johnson, H. W. Leipold, Donald B. Hudson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes congenital defects that affect the economic value of beef cattle, and provides recommendations on how to minimize them in breeding programs.

Congenital defects are abnormalities of structure or function present at birth. They may be caused by genetic or environmental factors, or a combination of both. The causes of many defects remain unknown.

Developmental defects may be lethal, semi-lethal, or compatible with life, causing very little effect or only aesthetic effect.

With the increasing use of artificial insemination (AI) in cattle, defects are no longer rare occurrences and are important collectively to the cattle industry. Congenital defects …