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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Risk Assessment And Regulation Of Bacteriophage As A New Food Antimicrobial Agent, Lin Wei, Juan-Juan Sun
Risk Assessment And Regulation Of Bacteriophage As A New Food Antimicrobial Agent, Lin Wei, Juan-Juan Sun
Food and Machinery
Based on the theory of modern risk regulation and the existing research results at home and abroad, this paper discusses the bacteriophage as a kind of food antimicrobial agent from the perspective of risk assessment and risk regulation. In previous studies on risk assessment, no obvious adverse effects and side effects of phages on the environment, animals and human body were found. As an antibacterial agent, bacteriophage has shown good antibacterial effects in fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy products and seafood, with a very broad application prospect. However, while complying with the application research trend of bacteriophage food antimicrobial agents, …
Pilot Study For Invasive Brown Treesnake Baiting In Residential Areas, Shane R. Siers, Juan-Carlos Mungaray, Jordan I. S. Barcinas, Jeried E. Calaor, Rachel M. Volsteadt, Martin Kastner, Scott M. Goetz, Melia G. Nafus, Thomas C. Hall
Pilot Study For Invasive Brown Treesnake Baiting In Residential Areas, Shane R. Siers, Juan-Carlos Mungaray, Jordan I. S. Barcinas, Jeried E. Calaor, Rachel M. Volsteadt, Martin Kastner, Scott M. Goetz, Melia G. Nafus, Thomas C. Hall
Human–Wildlife Interactions
The nocturnal brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis; BTS) was accidentally introduced to the island of Guam, USA, in the Western Pacific in 1945. The BTS has spread throughout all terrestrial habitats, causing wildlife loss and economic damage. Several tools and techniques have been developed to locally reduce BTS numbers and prevent their spread to other islands. The common analgesic acetaminophen has been registered as a low-risk pesticide to manage BTS in non-residential areas. Prior to a more intensive toxic baiting campaign on Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, as part of a larger study to evaluate the effects of BTS …
Optimization Of Quechers And High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection Conditions To Assess The Impact Of Preparation Procedures On Eu Priority Pahs In Coffee Samples And Their Pahs Consumption Risk, Ying-Chun Wan, Zwe-Lin Kong, Yu-Hsuan Chao, Chia-Fang Teng, Deng-Jye Yang
Optimization Of Quechers And High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection Conditions To Assess The Impact Of Preparation Procedures On Eu Priority Pahs In Coffee Samples And Their Pahs Consumption Risk, Ying-Chun Wan, Zwe-Lin Kong, Yu-Hsuan Chao, Chia-Fang Teng, Deng-Jye Yang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The good performance conditions for determination of EU priority PAHs in coffee samples were established to evaluate the effects of roasting degree on the PAHs in coffee beans and the brewing methods on the PAHs transfer from coffee beans to their brews. The consumption risk of the PAHs in coffee products was also assessed. The PAHs levels of the roasted coffee beans were in the order: 923.65 ng/g (dark roast) > 132.20 ng/g (medium roast) > 69.28 ng/g (light roast). Compared with general brewing with the drip bag (PAHs content, 0.30–0.62 ng/mL in coffee brews), the coffee machine brewing (set at 4 …
A Substructure-Based Screening Approach To Uncover N-Nitrosamines In Drug Substances, Yu-Ting Kao, Shu-Fen Wang, Meng-Hsiu Wu, Shwu-Huey Her, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Chung-Hsien Lee, Hsiao-Feng Lee, An-Rong Lee, Li-Chien Chang, Li-Heng Pao
A Substructure-Based Screening Approach To Uncover N-Nitrosamines In Drug Substances, Yu-Ting Kao, Shu-Fen Wang, Meng-Hsiu Wu, Shwu-Huey Her, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Chung-Hsien Lee, Hsiao-Feng Lee, An-Rong Lee, Li-Chien Chang, Li-Heng Pao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Drug substances are at risk of contamination with N-nitrosamines (NAs), well-known carcinogenic agents, during synthesis processes and/or long-term storage. Therefore, in this study, we developed an efficient data-based screening approach to systemically assess marketed products and investigated its scalability for benefiting both regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical industries. A substructure-based screening method employing DataWarrior, an open-source software, was established to evaluate the risks of NA impurities in drug substances. Eight NA substructures containing susceptible amino sources for N-nitrosation have been identified as screening targets: dimethylamine (DMA), diethylamine, isopropylethylamine, diisopropylamine, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dibutylamine, methylphenylamine, and tetrazoles. Our method detected 192 drug …
Characteristics Of Non-Fatal Attacks By Black Bears: Conterminous United States, 2000–2017, Janel M. Scharhag, Cady Sartini, Shawn M. Crimmins, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Jeffrey B. Stetz
Characteristics Of Non-Fatal Attacks By Black Bears: Conterminous United States, 2000–2017, Janel M. Scharhag, Cady Sartini, Shawn M. Crimmins, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Jeffrey B. Stetz
Human–Wildlife Interactions
Attacks on humans by bears (Ursus spp.) have increased in recent decades, as both human and bear populations have increased. To help mitigate the risk of future attacks, it is important to understand the circumstances in past attacks. Information and analyses exist regarding fatal attacks by both American black bears (Ursus americanus) and brown bears (U. arctos) as well as non-fatal attacks by brown bears. No similarly thorough analyses on non-fatal attacks by black bears are available. Our study addressed this information gap by analyzing all (n = 210) agency-confirmed, non-fatal attacks by black …
Flooding, Landslides, Wildfires, Air Pollution, And Income: Risk In California, Brittany Bondi, Alyssa J. Kaewwilai
Flooding, Landslides, Wildfires, Air Pollution, And Income: Risk In California, Brittany Bondi, Alyssa J. Kaewwilai
Gettysburg Social Sciences Review
California is infamously known for its likelihood of environmental hazards such as flooding, landslides, air pollution, and forest fires which can be attributed to the natural climate of the area as well as anthropologically influenced climate change. Air pollution also poses potential threats and dangers to the civilians of California as increasing populations and uses of fossil fuels continue to contribute to the growing issue of climate change. The goal of this study was to examine and analyze the geospatial trends environmental hazards in California such as landslides, air pollution, flooding, and forest fires. A weighted test, zone and slope …
Residue And Dietary Risk Assessment Of Quizalofop-P-Ethyl Andits Metabolites In Adzuki Bean, Qu Jiang-Ling, Tang Hua-Cheng, Cao Dong-Mei
Residue And Dietary Risk Assessment Of Quizalofop-P-Ethyl Andits Metabolites In Adzuki Bean, Qu Jiang-Ling, Tang Hua-Cheng, Cao Dong-Mei
Food and Machinery
In order to evaluate the long-term and short-term dietary intake risk of quizalofop-p-ethyl and quizalofop-p-acid in adzuki bean, the final residue of them was determined. Using the application concentration of 0.3~0.6 mL/m2, the application frequency of 2~3 times with various picking intervals, the residue of quizalofop-p-ethyl in adzuki bean was 0.03~1.07 mg/kg, and that of quizalofop-p-acid was 0.05~1.20 mg/kg. The long-term dietary intake risk quotient (RQc) and short-term dietary intake risk quotient (RQa) were 1.98%~19.70% and 0.50%~1.30%, respectively.
Head Depth And Head Speed During Competitive Backstroke Ledge Starts, Wesley J. Manz, Joel T. Greenshields, Brian V. Wright, Curtis S. Goss, Benjamin C. Skutnik, Joel M. Stager
Head Depth And Head Speed During Competitive Backstroke Ledge Starts, Wesley J. Manz, Joel T. Greenshields, Brian V. Wright, Curtis S. Goss, Benjamin C. Skutnik, Joel M. Stager
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Recently, a commercially available starting ‘ledge’ designed to reduce foot slippage during the execution of the backstroke start was introduced in competitive swimming. For the purpose of identifying potential safety consequences, the present study investigated the effect of ledge use on head depths, speeds, and distances in backstroke starts of athletes with no prior or only novice familiarity of the ledge. Competitive backstroke starts were performed with and without ledges by high school-aged (14.5 to 19.2 yr, N = 61) swimmers in 1.52 m of water during a closed testing session. A SIMI Reality Motion System in a calibrated space …
Large Birds Of Prey, Policies That Alter Food Availability And Air Traffic: A Risky Mix For Human Safety, Rubén Moreno-Opo, Antoni Margalida
Large Birds Of Prey, Policies That Alter Food Availability And Air Traffic: A Risky Mix For Human Safety, Rubén Moreno-Opo, Antoni Margalida
Human–Wildlife Interactions
Raptors are considered to pose one of the greatest aviation bird strike risk. We investigated raptor bird strikes reported at the largest Spanish airport (Adolfo Suárez Madrid Barajas; AS-MB) from 2009 to 2016 to determine the factors contributing to the increased incidences and develop recommendations to mitigate the risks. We hypothesized that increased raptor bird strikes resulted from changes in foraging and dispersal patterns of Iberian Peninsula vultures (Aegypius spp. and Gyps spp.) after 2004-2005. We used information on raptor bird strikes obtained from official databases and published studies, reported incidences of raptor bird strikes and their characteristics (i.e., …
A Risk Assessment And Phylogenetic Approach, Culum Brown
A Risk Assessment And Phylogenetic Approach, Culum Brown
Animal Sentience
The precautionary principal is often invoked when talking about the evidence of sentience in animals, largely because we can never be certain what any animal is thinking or feeling. Birch (2017) offers a preliminary framework for the use of the precautionary principal for animal sentience combining an epistemic rule with a decision rule. I extend this framework by adding an evolutionary phylogentic approach which spreads the burden of proof across broad taxonomic groups and a risk assessment component which magnifies the likely impact by the number of animals involved.
Comparative Phytotoxicity Of Undoped And Er-Doped Zno Nanoparticles Onlemna Minor L.: Changes In Plant Physiological Responses, Samaneh Torbati, Alireza Khataee, Shabnam Saadi
Comparative Phytotoxicity Of Undoped And Er-Doped Zno Nanoparticles Onlemna Minor L.: Changes In Plant Physiological Responses, Samaneh Torbati, Alireza Khataee, Shabnam Saadi
Turkish Journal of Biology
The present study is the first research on the phytotoxicological effects of Er-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) on duckweed (Lemna minor L.), as a model aquatic floating macrophyte. It concentrated on the comparison of the physiological effects of different concentrations of undoped and Er-doped zinc oxide NPs on L. minor. Pure and Er-doped zinc oxide samples were synthesized through a sonochemical method and their morphology and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Plant growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated as indices to assess the effects and toxicity of the …
Apoptotic Induction Via Membrane/Dna Damage And Metabolic Inactivation By Synthetic Food Colorants In Allium Cepa Root Meristem, Prajitha Vazhangat, John Ernest Thoppil
Apoptotic Induction Via Membrane/Dna Damage And Metabolic Inactivation By Synthetic Food Colorants In Allium Cepa Root Meristem, Prajitha Vazhangat, John Ernest Thoppil
Turkish Journal of Biology
The present study investigates the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two frequently employed synthetic food colorants, lemon yellow and orange red, using an Allium cepa assay. Uptake of food colorants by root cells at different concentrations and varied exposures significantly altered the cytogenetic system, membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, root growth, and cell division. The food colorants induced significant DNA damage, micronucleus formation, and other severe chromosomal aberrations at genetic level and inhibited cell division as well as root growth. Severe DNA damage, membrane damage, and metabolic inactivation observed in the result are indicative of apoptotic cell death. These results confirm …
Abc’S Bird-Smart Wind Energy Campaign: Protecting Birds From Poorly Sited Wind Energy Development, Michael Hutchins, Mike Parr, Darin Schroeder
Abc’S Bird-Smart Wind Energy Campaign: Protecting Birds From Poorly Sited Wind Energy Development, Michael Hutchins, Mike Parr, Darin Schroeder
Human–Wildlife Interactions
This article summarizes American Bird Conservancy’s (ABC’s) strategies and goals for achieving Bird-Smart wind energy in the United States. We describe the current and projected impact of wind energy development on birds and bats in the United States. We also discuss how bird (and bat) conservation goals could be made more compatible with wind energy development through improved science and regulation. We provide examples of poorly sited wind energy projects, existing and proposed, which call into question the efficacy of current voluntary federal permitting guidelines. We discuss the need for improved transparency and independent site-by-site pre-construction risk assessment, science-based decision-making, …
Developing Bird-Strike Risk Assessment Models For Open-Water Restorations, Justin D. Hart, Alison Colyer, John R. Allan
Developing Bird-Strike Risk Assessment Models For Open-Water Restorations, Justin D. Hart, Alison Colyer, John R. Allan
Human–Wildlife Interactions
Mineral extraction sites that are restored to open water can increase bird-strike risk if they are planned near airports. This can generate conflict between the minerals industry and safeguarding authorities. To help resolve this potential conflict, it would be useful to predict how new restorations affect local water-bird populations so that mineral deposits can be exploited and restored in safeguarded zones without compromising flight safety. Bird abundances and movements at new restorations can be estimated with statistical models that use the environmental characteristics of restoration schemes as predictor variables. These models can improve guidance in safeguarding, provided that they comprise …
Fish Consumption Patterns Of Populations In Vicinities Of Lake Kastoria And Lake Pamvotis, Greece, Eugene G. Maurakis, David V. Grimes, Dimitra Bobori
Fish Consumption Patterns Of Populations In Vicinities Of Lake Kastoria And Lake Pamvotis, Greece, Eugene G. Maurakis, David V. Grimes, Dimitra Bobori
Virginia Journal of Science
Objectives are to establish fish consumption patterns of populations in vicinities of two lakes (Kastoria and Pamvotis) in Greece for use in the assessment of risks associated with consumption of fishes in these agri-chemically impaired lakes. Parameters measured were demographics (i.e., gender, age, weight, education level, occupation, residency), freshwater fish eating frequency, species and sizes of fishes consumed, and fish consumption habits [i.e., quantity, parts, and preparation method). All annual mean site-specific consumption rates of the four gender-age class sub-populations surveyed in vicinity of Lake Kastoria (avg. range= 0.103-0.29 kg/day) exceed those of Greece (0.066 kg/day), EU (0.068 kg/day), Spain …
Bse: Risk, Uncertainty, And Policy Change, Enda Cummins, Pat Grace, Kevin Mcdonnell, Shane Ward
Bse: Risk, Uncertainty, And Policy Change, Enda Cummins, Pat Grace, Kevin Mcdonnell, Shane Ward
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors discuss how, in our "risk society," a range of potential risks and uncertainties are associated with new technologies and new diseases, such as BSE. These risks bring with them worries about human health, while the ability to assess and manage new health scares is an essential skill for government and related industries.
Review Of: Risk In The Modern Age: Social Theory, Science And Environmental Decision Making (Maurie J. Cohen, Ed.), Amy Cutler
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of the book: Risk in the Modern Age: Social Theory, Science and Environmental Decision Making (Maurie J. Cohen, ed., St. Martin's Press 2000). List of Figures and Tables, List of Contributors, Preface, Index. ISBN 0-312-22216-5 [264 pp. $65.00. Hardbound, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010].
Over A Decade Of Comparative Risk Analysis: A Review Of The Human Health Rankings, David M. Konisky
Over A Decade Of Comparative Risk Analysis: A Review Of The Human Health Rankings, David M. Konisky
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The author reviews a method for undertaking a cross-project comparison of comparative risk analyses to understand which environmental problem areas have been cited most as often posing the severest risks.
Review Of: National Research Council, Issues In Risk Assessment, Diane M. Albert
Review Of: National Research Council, Issues In Risk Assessment, Diane M. Albert
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of: National Research Council, Issues in Risk Assessment (National Academy Press). Appendices, executive summary, figures, preface, references, tables. LC 92-61838; ISBN 0-309-04786-2. [374 pp. Paper $37.50 - S&H, $4 for first and $0.50 for each additional copy. 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20418.]
Public Accountability Of Advisory Committees, Sidney A. Shapiro
Public Accountability Of Advisory Committees, Sidney A. Shapiro
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The final paper from the symposium on public participation in Risk management discusses existing procedures for ensuring the integrity of advisory committee recommendations. It concludes that they are inadequate and argues that accountability would be better served if nonexperts were included. It also suggests that, in any event, measures need to be taken to indicate, e.g., the bases for committee conclusions.