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1997

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Table Of Contents Volume Eight, Number One, Winter 1997, Risk Editorial Board Jan 1997

Table Of Contents Volume Eight, Number One, Winter 1997, Risk Editorial Board

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)

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Book Review Of Baruch A. Brody, Ethical Issues In Drug Testing, Approval, And Pricing, Annalee Abelson Jan 1997

Book Review Of Baruch A. Brody, Ethical Issues In Drug Testing, Approval, And Pricing, Annalee Abelson

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of Baruch A. Brody, Ethical Issues in Drug Testing, Approval, and Pricing (Oxford University Press 1995). Conclusions, index, introduction, preface. LC 94-4479; ISBN 0-19-508831-X. [268 pp. Cloth $35.00. 200 Madison Avenue, New York NY 10016.]

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Book Review Of Michael D. Green, Bendectin And Birth Defects: The Challenges Of Mass Toxic Substance Litigation, Stefan Oglevee Jan 1997

Book Review Of Michael D. Green, Bendectin And Birth Defects: The Challenges Of Mass Toxic Substance Litigation, Stefan Oglevee

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of Michael D. Green, Bendectin and Birth Defects: The Challenges of Mass Toxic Substances Litigation (University of Pennsylvania Press 1996). Acknowledgements, index, preface, selected bibliography. LC 95-42306; ISBN 0-8122-3257-7 [368 pp. $29.95 Cloth. 1300 Blockley Hall, 418 Service Drive, Philadelphia PA 19104-6097.]

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Book Review Of Clovis E. Semmes, Racism, Health, And Post-Industrialism: A Theory Of African-American Health, Jerry Haynes Jan 1997

Book Review Of Clovis E. Semmes, Racism, Health, And Post-Industrialism: A Theory Of African-American Health, Jerry Haynes

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of Clovis E. Semmes, Racism, Health, and Post-Industrialism: A Theory of African-American Health (Praeger Publishers 1996). About the author, acknowledgements, index, introduction, selected bibliography. LC-95-34440; ISBN 0-275-95428-5 [178 pp. Cloth $59.95, paper $18.95. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]

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Book Review Of Amer Ei-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management Of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems And Technological Solutions, Penny Dean Jan 1997

Book Review Of Amer Ei-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management Of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems And Technological Solutions, Penny Dean

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of Amer El-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems and Technological Solutions (Praeger Publishers 1996). About the authors, bibliography, index, introduction, tables. LC 95-654; ISBN 0-275-93529-9 [185 pp. Cloth $65.00. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]

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Book Review - Lost Landscapes And Failed Economies, Tom Vetter Jan 1997

Book Review - Lost Landscapes And Failed Economies, Tom Vetter

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

In an intensive and methodical manner, Power casts doubt upon notions of environmental protection choking economic development. He demonstrates the fallacy of such a position and successfully advocates environmental protection as economically sound. The confusion that exists between the environment and the economy is largely the result of misguided convention.

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Distribution And Abundance Of Prairie Plant Species In The Loess Hills, Thomas R. Rosburg Jan 1997

Distribution And Abundance Of Prairie Plant Species In The Loess Hills, Thomas R. Rosburg

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The species composition of grassland and ecotonal communities throughout the Loess Hills was studies between 1990 and 1993. Information pertaining to the latitudinal distribution of species in the Loess Hills, the abundance of species among community types (i.e., habitats), species persistence under woody encroachment, species associations, and resource partitioning among species is provided for the majority of grassland species occurring in the Loess Hills. The most abundant species on extant prairie in the Loess Hills include Bouteloua curtipendula (side-oats grama), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem), Cornus drummondii (rough-leaved dogwood), Aster ericoides (heath aster), Carex heliophila (sun-loving sedge), …

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Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors Jan 1997

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Back Cover Jan 1997

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Iowa's State Parks: A Various Language, Rebecca Conard Jan 1997

Iowa's State Parks: A Various Language, Rebecca Conard

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Iowa's state park system is distinctive because academically based natural scientists were instrumental in drafting the 1917 State Park Law, in shaping the initial policies, and in establishing the first parks. The mandate of the 1917 law was broad, but its original intent was to preserve and conserve natural resources; providing recreational enjoyment was secondary. Between 1920 and mid-century the founding vision was recast time and again by compromises that sprang from economic necessity, competing interests, and changing societal values. The ideal of resource protection has remained a guiding principle, however, in large part because strong personalities provided continuity of …

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Hot-Packaging Reduces Lipid Oxidation And Improves Sensory Characteristics Of Cooked Turkey Meat, Maiko Ishikawa, Dong U. Ahn Jan 1997

Hot-Packaging Reduces Lipid Oxidation And Improves Sensory Characteristics Of Cooked Turkey Meat, Maiko Ishikawa, Dong U. Ahn

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The effects of two vacuum packaging methods (hot and cold vacuum packaging) on the storage stability and sensory characteristics of cooked meat were compared. Ground turkey breast and leg meat patties were cooked, vacuum packaged appropriately, and stored up to 22 days. Lipid oxidation was measured by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. In addition, Total aerobic count and sensory evaluation (flavor, juiciness, tenderness, overall acceptability) were conducted. There was no significant difference in aerobic plate count by packaging methods; however, panelist rating revealed that hot-packaged turkey leg meat had higher juiciness and overall acceptability scores than cold-packaged ones. Although TBARS …

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Back Cover Jan 1997

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors Jan 1997

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Additions To The Pteridophyte Flora Of Iowa-Iv, James H. Peck, Jeffrey C. Nekola, William Thomas Jan 1997

Additions To The Pteridophyte Flora Of Iowa-Iv, James H. Peck, Jeffrey C. Nekola, William Thomas

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

This report updates field collection records and summarizes nomenclatural changes of genera and binomials of species of Iowa pteridophytes based on the Flora of North America project. Botrychium simplex var. compositum, Gymnocarpium jessoense (Koidz.) Koidz. spp. parvulum Sarvela, Gymnocarpium Xhrittonianum (Sarvela) Pryer & Haufler, and Gymnocarpium Xintermedium Sarvela were recently added to the state flora. The flora now consists of 66 species, plus 7 hybrids, and 1 distinct form, for a total of 74 taxa. With the addition of 81 new county occurrence records, the Iowa pteridophyte flora now consists of 1754 county occurrence records. A data matrix of species/county …

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Midwestern Geology And Cornell College: The First 125 Years, Gene E. Hinman, Paul L. Garvin Jan 1997

Midwestern Geology And Cornell College: The First 125 Years, Gene E. Hinman, Paul L. Garvin

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The history of geology at Cornell College can be traced back almost to the college's beginnings. Though not the first to reach geology at Cornell, William Harmon Norton, more than any other person, shaped the Department of Geology and set it on its course of excellence. Born in 1856, the son of a Methodist minister, Norton developed an ardent interest in geology in his boyhood. A graduate of Cornell in Classics, Norton was hired by his alma mater in 1876 to reach Greek, bur his avocation was geology. He spent most of his spare time on weekends and during summers …

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Book Review - The End Of Science: Facing The Limits Of Knowledge, David Lopatto Jan 1997

Book Review - The End Of Science: Facing The Limits Of Knowledge, David Lopatto

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The June, 1997 issue of Harper's Magazine included a list of recently published books that have titles beginning with "The End of". There are thirty-one titles on the list. Publishers have been rushing to cash in on the public's emotional reaction to the coming end of the century. It is difficult to take some of these works seriously. Perhaps the hardest thesis to swallow is that science, including physics, chemistry, biology, and neuroscience, not to mention the social sciences and the philosophy of science, is coming to an end just as our somewhat arbitrary calendar ticks over to a new …

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Back Cover Jan 1997

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Field Research 1997, Dale L. Fjell Jan 1997

Field Research 1997, Dale L. Fjell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Planning A Dairy Expansion, John F. Smith Jan 1997

Planning A Dairy Expansion, John F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Dairy farm size is increasing in all regions of the United States. In two of the largest dairy states, California and Wisconsin, mean herd sizes have increased 950% and 250%, respectively, since 1950. Dairy herds of 500 cows are common in all areas of the United States, and herds over 1,500 cows are common in the West producand Southeast. Many dairy operations are considering expansion of existing facilities or construction of new facilities to increase efficiencyor profitability. Before adding cows or facilities, dairy producers may want to answer the following questions: 1) How can I improve the efficiency of the …

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High Carbon Dioxide, Modified-Atmosphere Packaging (Map) For Beef Steaks, S.E. Luchsinger, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1997

High Carbon Dioxide, Modified-Atmosphere Packaging (Map) For Beef Steaks, S.E. Luchsinger, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To determine the effects of storage in a high-carbon dioxide, modified-atmosphere package (MAP) on shelf life, beef strip steaks were packaged under 30% CO2-70% N2 and stored for up to 42 days at 30 or 38 ÌŠF. Aerobic plate counts (APC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in these ExtendPak™ packages were well below the threshold of spoilage even after 42 days of MAP storage. After 28 days of storage, steaks stored in vacuum packages had APC counts 1.0 log 10 greater than steaks in MAP. APCs increased during a 5-day display period in steaks store d in vacuum packages, …

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Liquid Smoke Effects On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Beef Trimmings And Ground Beef Patties, R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden Jan 1997

Liquid Smoke Effects On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Beef Trimmings And Ground Beef Patties, R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Liquid smoke (LS) reduce d Escherichia coli O157:H7 counts in inoculated beef trimmings and ground beef patties. The counts were reduced (P<.05) by .5 log 10 cfu/g immediately after beef trimmings were treated with 8% LS and by 1.2, 2.0, 1.6, and 2.3 log 10 cfu/g after the trimmings were formed into patties and tested or stored under refrigeration for 1, 2, and 3 days, respectively (2 log10 reduction represents 99%) Thus, LS could make beef-containing products safer with respect to foodborne pathogens.

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Use Of Video Image Analysis, Ribeye Grids, And Linear Ribeye Measurements To Predict And Compare Ribeye Areas From Carcass Left And Right Sides, A.T. Waylan, R.E. Campbell, John A. Unruh Jan 1997

Use Of Video Image Analysis, Ribeye Grids, And Linear Ribeye Measurements To Predict And Compare Ribeye Areas From Carcass Left And Right Sides, A.T. Waylan, R.E. Campbell, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ribeye tracings from 265 beef carcasses were used to compare ribeye areas from right and left sides. When video image analysis (VIA) was used to determine ribeye area, no difference (P=.48) was observed between right and left sides. However, when ribeye area was determine d by using USDA grids, those on the left side were slightly larger (P<.01) than those on right side. This difference is negligible considering the wide rang e in variation (SD=.68 in2) between right and left side ribeye areas. Ribeye area correlations between VIA and grid result s were high for both right (.96) and left (.95) sides. Linear measures (length, midwidth, and widest width) of ribeyes predicted ribeye area with reasonable accuracy ( R2=.90 and .91). These methods provide several options to determine ribeye area. However, data collectors need to realize that the difference between right and left side ribeye areas may be a greater variable than the sensitivity of the method used.

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Delineation Of Geographic Markets For Fed Cattle, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1997

Delineation Of Geographic Markets For Fed Cattle, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Determining the extent of geographic markets for fed cattle is important for monitoring performance of the industry. The ability of packing plants to influence prices is determined in part by their ability to segment the market for fed cattle and isolate themselves from plants in other regions. This study analyzed transaction data from 43 U.S. steer and heifer slaughter plants collected by the Grain Inspection Packers and Stockyards Program for approximately a 1-year period during 1992-93. Beef packers procured an average of 64% of their cattle within 75 miles of packing plants, 82 % within 150 miles, and 92% within …

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Effect Of Grain Sorghum Particle Size And Digest “M” Enzyme Treatment On Performance Of Growing Steers, T.J. Kessen, D.D. Simms, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard Jan 1997

Effect Of Grain Sorghum Particle Size And Digest “M” Enzyme Treatment On Performance Of Growing Steers, T.J. Kessen, D.D. Simms, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 73-day growing study utilizing 203 crossbred steers (681 lb) and a digestion trial examined the effect o f sorghum grain particle size on rumen fermentation, ration digestibility, and performance of growing steers fed 37% grain and 63% ground alfalfa. Dry-rolled grain sorghum p article sizes in both trials were about 2000, 1500, and 1000 microns, for the coarse- (CR), medium- (MR), and fine-rolled (FR) treatments , respectively. Coarsely rolled corn (2000 microns) was included as a positive control. In the growing study, half of sorghum was treated at feeding time with an enzyme product, Digest "M". The rations were …

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Effect Of Revalor-G On The Performance Of Stocker Heifers Grazing Irrigated, Smooth Bromegrass Pasture For A Full Season, Gerry L. Kuhl, M.D. Reynolds, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Dale A. Blasi Jan 1997

Effect Of Revalor-G On The Performance Of Stocker Heifers Grazing Irrigated, Smooth Bromegrass Pasture For A Full Season, Gerry L. Kuhl, M.D. Reynolds, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 150-day field study was conducted to evaluate single vs. reimplant strategies for stocker heifers grazing irrigated smooth bromegrass . Three hundred forty-three previously nonimplanted British crossbred heifers averaging 494 lb were assigned to one of seven treatments: 1) no implant-control (NC), 2) Revalor-G® (REVG), 3) Ralgro® (RAL), 4) Synovex-H® (SYNH), 5) REVG/REVG, 6) RAL/RAL, and 7) SYNH/SYNH. Reimplanting (Treatments 5, 6 , and 7) was done on day 75 of the trial. In the first 75 days, all implants increased (P<.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared to NC. For the last 75 days (days 75 through 150), heifers implanted with REVG, REVG/REVG, RAL/RAL, and SYNH gained faster (P<.05) than NC or those implanted with RAL, and SYNH/SYNH. No significant differences occur red among the latter three treatments. Over the entire trial, there was no advantage to reimplanting heifers with REVG or RAL. SYNH/ SYNH heifers gained less (P<.05) than their single -implanted counterparts.

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Evaluation Of The Effects Of Carbohydrate Source And Level Of Degradable Intake Protein On The Intake And Digestion Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1997

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Carbohydrate Source And Level Of Degradable Intake Protein On The Intake And Digestion Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirteen ruminally fistulated steers were used to determine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) source and degradable intake protein (DIP) on intake and digestion of tallgrass-prairie hay. In general, DIP supplementation had positive effects on intake and digestion, although response varied somewhat with CHO source. Increasing the amount of supplemental CHO generally decreased hay intake, but effects on digestion were dependent on CHO source.

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Estimating The Undegradable Intake Protein Content Of Two Forages By Different Commercial Proteases, I.E.O. Abdelgadir, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1997

Estimating The Undegradable Intake Protein Content Of Two Forages By Different Commercial Proteases, I.E.O. Abdelgadir, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the potential of several commercially available proteases for use in predicting the undegradable intake protein (UIP) concentrations o f alfalfa and prairie hay. Protease s differed in their estimates o f the rate of forage protein breakdown an d the amounts of different forage protein fractions . At least one protease appeared to yield acceptable predictions of UIP via a short-term, single time-point assay. Assays of this type deserve further consideration for commercial application.

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Fertility After Timed Breeding Using Gnrh, Pgf2, And Norgestomet, K. E. Thompson, G.C. Lamb, T.J. Marple, L.R. Corah, R.M. Mckee, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, David M. Grieger, David A. Nichols Jan 1997

Fertility After Timed Breeding Using Gnrh, Pgf2, And Norgestomet, K. E. Thompson, G.C. Lamb, T.J. Marple, L.R. Corah, R.M. Mckee, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, David M. Grieger, David A. Nichols

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

At the KSU Purebred Unit, 164 purebred Angus, Hereford, and Simmental cows were used to test a new estrus-synchronization program using GnRH, PGF2, and norgestomet. Cows were inseminated after detected estrus, or in the absence of estrus, inseminations were made at one fixed time after a second injection of GnRH. The treatment consisted of a 100 µg injection of GnRH plus a 6-mg ear implant of norgestomet. Seven days later, the ear implant was removed, and 25-mg of PG F2% was injected. In the absence of estrus, the time-bred group received a second injection of GnRH 48 h after PGF2% …

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Effect Of Heifer Source On Reproductive Performance, Culling, Marketing And Profitability For A Commercial Heifer Development Program, J.M. Lynch, G.C. Lamb, L.R. Corah, David M. Grieger Jan 1997

Effect Of Heifer Source On Reproductive Performance, Culling, Marketing And Profitability For A Commercial Heifer Development Program, J.M. Lynch, G.C. Lamb, L.R. Corah, David M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A commercial heifer development operation purchased 483 weanling Angus x Hereford heifers from 11 sources. Heifers were fed a common silage-based diet through an initial developmental period and retained or culled based on average daily gain, pelvic area, and disposition . The percentage of heifers culled from each source ranged from 18.1% to 94.7% and were either sold directly through a local sale barn or sent to a feedlot with retained ownership . Estrus was synchronized, and heifers were artificially inseminated (AI) for 30 days followed by 15 days of natural mating. First service conception rates for each source ranged …

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Lagoon Seepage Through Soil Liners (1997), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner Jan 1997

Lagoon Seepage Through Soil Liners (1997), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Most compacted soils can be used for lagoon liners to achieve seepage guidelines established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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