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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) On Finishing Pig Growth And Variation (2002), M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, S M. Hanni, C W. Hastad, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) On Finishing Pig Growth And Variation (2002), M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, S M. Hanni, C W. Hastad, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 336 pigs were used in a 21-day trial to determine the effect of Paylean (9.0 g/ton Ractopamine·HCl) on finishing pig growth and variation. Pigs were allotted based on weight so that all pens had the same initial weight and degree of variation within the pen. Pigs fed Paylean had greater ADG and better feed efficiency than control-fed pigs (P0.70). The results suggest that adding Paylean to the diet improves finishing pig growth performance but does not affect weight variation within the pen.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002
Effects Of Different Protein Sources On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Different Protein Sources On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 170 weanling pigs (initially 16.4 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of alternative protein sources on growth performance of pigs fed from d 5 to 26 after weaning. All pigs were fed a common diet from weaning to d 5. The five dietary treatments were cornsoybean meal-based and included a control diet containing 10% dried whey, or the control diet with 5% select menhaden fish meal, 2.5% spray-dried blood cells, 3.73% enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten (Source 1), or 3.51% flash-dried wheat gluten (Source 2). No differences were observed in overall ADG and ADFI; however, pigs fed …
Effects Of Weaning Age On Post-Weaning Belly Nosing Behavior And Umbilical Lesions (2002), R G. Main, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Weaning Age On Post-Weaning Belly Nosing Behavior And Umbilical Lesions (2002), R G. Main, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Pigs (n=2272) were weaned at 12, 15, 18, or 21 days of age to determine the effect of weaning age on post-weaning belly nosing behavior and associated umbilical lesions. A reduction (quadratic, P<0.01) in belly nosing behavior and umbilical lesions were observed as weaning age increased. The largest decrease in belly nosing behavior was observed as wean age increased from 12 to 15 days, with smaller incremental reductions in the 18 and 21 day wean pigs. This study indicates that weaning pigs at less than 15 days of age significantly increases belly nosing behavior and associated umbilical lesions after weaning.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002
Effects Of An Acute Enteric Disease Challenge On Igf-1 And Igfbp-3 Gene Expression In Porcine Skeletal Muscle (2002), B J. Johnson, J P. Kayser, J D. Dunn, A T. Waylan, S S. Drtiz, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J Ernest Minton
Effects Of An Acute Enteric Disease Challenge On Igf-1 And Igfbp-3 Gene Expression In Porcine Skeletal Muscle (2002), B J. Johnson, J P. Kayser, J D. Dunn, A T. Waylan, S S. Drtiz, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J Ernest Minton
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eighteen pigs (initial weight 25 lb and approximately 5 wk of age) were used in a 14-d trial to determine the effects of an acute Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (ST) disease challenge on both circulating insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and steady-state IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were obtained from all pigs on d 0, 3, 7, and 14 relative to ST-challenge. Results suggest that an acute ST-challenge decreased circulating IGF-1 levels on d 3 and 7 but did not affect circulating IGFBP-3 concentrations. Additionally, ST-challenge …
Effect Of Phytase Dosage And Source On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), B W. James, G L. Lynch, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Effect Of Phytase Dosage And Source On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), B W. James, G L. Lynch, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 28-d growth assay was conducted to determine the effect of phytase dosage and source on growth performance of nursery pigs. The nine experimental treatments were control diets (0.13, 0.18, and 0.23% available phosphorus) and phytase (100, 225, or 350 FTU or FYT/kg) from either Natuphos or Ronozyme P added to the 0.13% available P diet. The results of this experiment indicate that increasing available P or phytase level, through 0.23% available P and 350 FTU or FYT/kg, respectively, improves ADG and feed efficiency. Regression analysis of the ADG response indicated that, when adding less than 350 phytase units/kg, each …
Effect Of Dexamethasone Injection At Birth On Growth Performance Of Pigs From Birth To Weaning (2002), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Effect Of Dexamethasone Injection At Birth On Growth Performance Of Pigs From Birth To Weaning (2002), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 82 litters were used in a 21-day study to evaluate the effect of injecting litters of pigs with dexamethasone within 24 hours of birth on growth rate from birth to weaning. Experimental treatments consisted of an injection of 1 mg dexamethasone solution (2mg/mL, Prolab Ltd, St. Joseph, MO) to all pigs within a litter, while pigs in control litters did not receive a dexamethasone injection. There was no difference in growth rate from birth to weaning between pigs injected with dexamethasone and control pigs. Number of pigs weaned per litter and preweaning mortality were not different. In …
Pilus Genes In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Pigs With Diarrhea (2002), Jerome C. Nietfeld, T Yeary
Pilus Genes In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Pigs With Diarrhea (2002), Jerome C. Nietfeld, T Yeary
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A retrospective survey of the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory records was made for Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with diarrhea. There were 111 E. coli isolates that carried genes for attachment pili that are necessary for E. coli to cause diarrhea. Of the 111 isolates, 103 had one pilus gene and eight had two pilus genes. The most common pilus type was the K88 pilus accounting for 73% of the isolates. All but one of the K88 isolates also carried at least one toxin gene indicating that they were virulent for pigs. The next most common pilus type was …
The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 27 To 44 Lb (2002), B W. James, C W. Hastad, K R. Lawrence, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 27 To 44 Lb (2002), B W. James, C W. Hastad, K R. Lawrence, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 20-d growth assay was conducted to determine the appropriate true ileal digestible lysine requirement to maximize growth performance of pigs between 27 to 44 lb. The basal diet (1.0% true ileal digestible lysine; 20.1% CP) was corn-soybean meal-based and was formulated to contain 3% added fat. Sand was substituted with L-lysineâ‹…HCl to form the other treatment diets (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4% true ileal digestible lysine). The positive control contained more soybean meal than the basal diet (44.2 vs. 32.2% of the diet) and no L-lysineâ‹…HCl to provide 1.3% true ileal digestible lysine. Growth performance improved (quadratic, P<0.04) with increasing true ileal digestible lysine and was maximized at 1.1% true ileal digestible lysine. Feed efficiency was better (quadratic, P<0.01) for pigs fed increasing true ileal digestible lysine and was best for pigs fed 1.3% true ileal digestible lysine. These results indicate that the true ileal digestible lysine requirement for the 27 to 44 lb pig is at least 1.1% for ADG and 1.3% for feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002
Measuring Emission Rates Of Particulate Matter From Fan Ventilated Swine Barns (2002), B Z. Predicala, Ronaldo G. Maghirang
Measuring Emission Rates Of Particulate Matter From Fan Ventilated Swine Barns (2002), B Z. Predicala, Ronaldo G. Maghirang
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Methods for measuring concentrations and emission rates of particulate matter (PM) from mechanically ventilated livestock buildings were evaluated in a laboratory facility and in a swine-finishing barn. Concentrations of PM were measured inside the room (room sampling) and at the exhaust duct (exhaust sampling). Concentrations at the exhaust duct were determined using high-volume traverse downstream of the exhaust fan, low-volume traverse downstream of the fan, and fixed sampling upstream and downstream of the fan. The traverse methods, which served as the reference, were conducted under isokinetic conditions; fixed sampling was done under both isokinetic and sub-isokinetic conditions. Compared to the …
Effects Of Mannanoligosaccharide And Sodium Chlorate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs During An Acute Enteric Disease Challenge With Salmonella Enterica Serotype Typhimurium (2002), T E. Burkey, Jerome C. Nietfeld, B J. Johnson, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Mannanoligosaccharide And Sodium Chlorate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs During An Acute Enteric Disease Challenge With Salmonella Enterica Serotype Typhimurium (2002), T E. Burkey, Jerome C. Nietfeld, B J. Johnson, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 28-day experiment was conducted to compare the effects of feeding mannanoligosaccharides (mannan) and sodium chlorate (chlorate) to weanling pigs as a possible substitute for the commonly used antimicrobialcarbadox. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 2 wk, then challenged orally with Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium to establish enteric disease. Average daily gain and ADFI were greater for pigs fed carbadox than all other treatments in the 2 wk following infection. During the first week after infection, pigs fed chlorate had greater G/F than control pigs, and pigs fed mannan tended to have greater G/F than control pigs. There were no …
Effects Of Increasing Ca:P Ratio In Diets Containing Phytase On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs (2002), S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, B W. James, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Increasing Ca:P Ratio In Diets Containing Phytase On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs (2002), S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, B W. James, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used 144 growing-finishing pigs (72 barrows and 72 gilts; initially 85 lb) to determine the effects of calcium to total phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio on growth performance. Pigs were housed in an environmentally regulated finishing building with two pigs per pen and nine pens per sex per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were blocked by initial weight and sex, and then allotted to one of four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets fed in three phases. In each phase, diets consisted of a 1:1; 1.25:1; 1.5:1, and 2:1 Ca:P ratio. Diets were formulated to …
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Wheat Gluten Source And Animal Plasma Blends On The Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, S M. Hanni, C N. Groesbeck, C W. Hastad, M G. Young, B W. James, T P. Keegan, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Wheat Gluten Source And Animal Plasma Blends On The Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, S M. Hanni, C N. Groesbeck, C W. Hastad, M G. Young, B W. James, T P. Keegan, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 472 weanling pigs (initially 13.5 lb) were used in two experiments to evaluate the effects of wheat gluten source (WG) and combinations with spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) on growth performance of nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, the five dietary treatments included a control diet containing 6% SDAP, wheat gluten that was enzymatically hydrolyzed (Source 1), and a non-hydrolyzed wheat gluten (Source 2). The wheat gluten sources replaced L-lysine HCl and replaced 50% or 100% of the spray-dried animal plasma. From d 0 to 7, 7 to 14, and 0 to 21, increasing wheat gluten decreased (linear; P<0.05) ADG. There were no differences between wheat gluten sources. Average daily feed intake decreased similar to ADG, with the exception that ADFI of pigs fed wheat gluten Source 2 had only a slight decreasing trend (P<0.11) from d 0 to 7. Pigs fed the diet containing 6% SDAP had the greatest ADG and ADFI from d 0 to 21. When the SDAP was replaced with either wheat gluten source, ADG and ADFI linearly decreased (P<0.01) but F/G improved (P<0.04). When pigs were fed the common diet from d 21 to 35, there were no differences (P<0.05) in ADG, ADFI or F/G. In Exp. 2, the six dietary treatments included a negative control with no SDAP or WG (0:0 ratio), 9% WG (100:0 ratio), 6.75% WG and 1.25% SDAP (75:25 ratio) combination, 4.5% WG and 2.5% SDAP (50:50 ratio) combination, 2.25% WG and 3.75% SDAP (25:75 ratio) combination, and a positive control with 5% SDAP (0:100 ratio). The wheat gluten (Source 1) was enzymatically hydrolyzed, but from a different lot than Exp. 1. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed 6% SDAP had numerically greater ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed the negative control diet. However, replacing SDAP with increasing amounts of WG tended to decrease (P<0.10) ADG and ADFI. These results confirm the improved ADG and ADFI of pigs fed SDAP immediately after weaning. In these experiments, replacing SDAP with WG resulted in decreased ADG.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002
Supplementation Of L-Carnitine And Paylean Improve Growth Performance Of Pigs In A Commercial Finishing Facility (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Supplementation Of L-Carnitine And Paylean Improve Growth Performance Of Pigs In A Commercial Finishing Facility (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our previous experiments evaluating the interactive effects of dietary L-carnitine and Paylean have primarily focused on improved meat quality benefits of feeding carnitine in combination with Paylean. Although there were numeric trends for improved growth performance in the previous experiments conducted at university facilities, the responses were not statistically significant. A recent study conducted in a commercial finishing facility demonstrated improved growth performance in pigs fed carnitine for the 4-week period prior to slaughter. The cause for the growth response observed in the commercial facility compared to the two previous studies conducted at a university research facility may have been …
Effects Of Soybean Meal Source And Level On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M G. Young, M J. Webster, M R. Barker, B W. James, C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Soybean Meal Source And Level On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M G. Young, M J. Webster, M R. Barker, B W. James, C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 525 weanling pigs (initially 13.0 lb) were used in two experiments to evaluate the effects of soybean meal source and level on growth performance of early weaned pigs. In both experiments, dietary treatments included a control diet containing no soybean meal, or diets containing 20% or 40% of either solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) or extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESoy). In Exp. 1, diets were formulated with NRC (1998) nutrient values for the solvent extracted soybean meal and previously determined values (1998 KSU Swine Day Report of Progress) for the extruded-expelled soybean meal. In Exp. 1, from d …
Evaluation Of Wheat Gluten And Spray-Dried Animal Plasma On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Evaluation Of Wheat Gluten And Spray-Dried Animal Plasma On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 440 weanling pigs (initially 14.3 lb) were used in two studies to evaluate the effects of increasing wheat gluten (WG) and spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) on growth performance of early weaned pigs. In Exp. 1, the six dietary treatments included a negative control, containing no wheat gluten or animal plasma, the control diet containing either 3, 6, 9, or 12% lightly modified spray-dried wheat gluten, and a positive control diet containing 5% spray-dried animal plasma. The diets containing 9% WG and 5% SDAP had the same amount of soybean meal to make a direct comparison of the …
Effect Of B-Vitamin Supplementation On Nursery Pig Growth Performance (2002), B W. James, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz
Effect Of B-Vitamin Supplementation On Nursery Pig Growth Performance (2002), B W. James, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 35-d growth assay was conducted to determine the effect of added dietary B-vitamins on growth performance of nursery pigs (12.9 lb initial BW). The basal diet (Phase I, 1.5% lysine; Phase II, 1.3% lysine) was formulated to contain no added Bvitamins. The other treatment diets were formed by adding a B-vitamin premix (biotin, folacin, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, B6, and B12) to the basal diet with the vitamins added at 1, 2, or 4 times NRC (1998) recommendations. In phase I (d 0 to 14) and for the overall trial, pigs fed increasing Bvitamins had increased (linear, P0.09) …
Effects Of Weaning Age On Pig Performance In Three-Site Production (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Weaning Age On Pig Performance In Three-Site Production (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two trials (n = 5,728 weaned pigs) were conducted to determine the effects of weaning age (12 to 21.5 days) on pig performance in a three-site production system. The second trial also examined the effects of modifying nursery feed budgets according to weaning age. In both studies, wean-to-finish ADG, mortality rate, average pig gain per days postweaning, and pounds sold per pig weaned improved linearly as weaning age increased. The improvements in growth rate and mortality largely occurred in the initial 42- days post-weaning, with some ongoing growth improvement to slaughter. Modifying nursery feed budgets did not affect wean-to-finish growth …
Effects Of Weaning Age On Costs And Revenue In Three-Site Production (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Weaning Age On Costs And Revenue In Three-Site Production (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two trials were completed to determine the effects of weaning age on growing pig costs and revenue within a three-site production system. Cost and revenue were measured by applying operationally dependant information to trial data. Economic effects were determined assuming either limited or nonlimited finishing capacity. In both trials and finishing capacity scenarios (limited or nonlimited), income over costs and cost per hundredweight improved linearly as weaning age increased. In these studies, increasing weaning age up to 21.5 days resulted in linear increases in weaned pig value within a three-site production system. Assessing a common value to acceptable quality wean …
Effects Of Ractopamine (Paylean) Dose And Feeding Duration On Pig Performance In A Commercial Finishing Facility (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Ractopamine (Paylean) Dose And Feeding Duration On Pig Performance In A Commercial Finishing Facility (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 1,035 gilts were used in a 28- day trial conducted in a commercial research facility to determine the influence of ractopamine (PayleanTM) dose (4.5 or 9.0 g/ton) and feeding duration (7, 14, 21, or 28 days prior to slaughter) on pig performance and carcass composition. Ractopamine supplementation at 4.5 g/ton for 14 to 28 days, and 9 g/ton for 7 to 28 days, improved (P<0.05) ADG by 26 to 35% (0.35 - 0.46 lb/d) and F/G by 16 to 20% (0.64 to 0.79) during the 28-days prior to slaughter. Due to these improvements in growth, carcass weights increased 8 to 10 pounds over controls. Fat depth and lean percentage improved (linear, P<0.01) with increased feeding duration. Ractopamine dose did not affect carcass lean parameters. However, carcass yield improved (P<005) when ractopamine was fed at 9.0 g/ton. Feed cost per pound of gain increased (P<0.01) with increasing feeding duration for Paylean and was greater (P<0.05) for pigs fed the 9.0 g/ton dose for 28 days as compared to the control. However, feeding ractopamine at 4.5 g/ton for 14 to 28 days and 9 g/ton for 7 to 28 days improved income over feed costs by $3.53 to $ 4.76 per head compared to pigs fed the control diet. Return over feed costs improved due to the increased carcass weights and improved feed efficiency with the greatest values achieved with a 14 to 21 day feeding duration. These data indicate feeding ractopamine at either 4.5 or 9.0 g/ton for 14 to 21 days prior to slaughter is a cost-effective strategy to optimize return while minimizing increases in feed cost per pound of gain.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002
Influence Of Dietary Carnitine And/Or Chromium On Blood Parameters Of Gestating Sows (2002), J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, S I. Koo, J Ernest Minton, K Q. Owen, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz
Influence Of Dietary Carnitine And/Or Chromium On Blood Parameters Of Gestating Sows (2002), J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, S I. Koo, J Ernest Minton, K Q. Owen, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Gestating sows (n=44; parity=2.0; BW=458 lb) were used to determine the effects of dietary Carnitine and/or chromium picolinate on daily blood parameter profiles. Diets were formulated as a 2 × 2 factorial with carnitine (0 or 50 ppm) and chromium (0 or 200 ppb) and were fed from breeding, through gestation, lactation, and 30 d into the next gestation at which time blood was collected. Sows were fed one meal per day during gestation (2.1 kg) and ad libitum during lactation. Sows were fitted with indwelling venous catheters and blood (plasma) was collected at feeding, once every 15 min for …
Interactive Effects Between Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) And Dietary L-Carnitine On Finishing Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, T E. Lawrence, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh, Steven S. Dritz
Interactive Effects Between Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) And Dietary L-Carnitine On Finishing Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, T E. Lawrence, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were evaluated from 126 pigs fed combinations of Paylean and L-carnitine arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial. Dietary L-carnitine (0, 25, or 50 ppm) was fed from 74 lb until slaughter, and Paylean (0, 4.5, or 9 g/ton) was fed the last 4 weeks prior to slaughter. These results suggest that Paylean, but not L-carnitine, increases ADG and improves F/G. However, L-carnitine enhances meat quality by improving visual color, L* (darker color), b* (less yellow), a*/b*, and Hue angle (more red and less orange) when fed with Paylean. L- carnitine also decreases …
Linear Effects Of Increasing Weaning Age In Three-Site Production (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Linear Effects Of Increasing Weaning Age In Three-Site Production (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two studies were conducted to measure the biologic and economic effects of weaning age in a three-site production system. Wean-to-finish growth and financial performance improved linearly as weaning age increased up to 21.5 days. Data from these trials were modeled to determine the linear rates of improvement observed as weaning age increased from 15 to 21.5 days. Each day increase in weaning age increased initial weight (taken prior to weaning) 0.565 ± 0.009 lb and weight sold to slaughter 3.71 ± 0.32 lb per pig weaned. In the financial analysis, income over cost increased $0.94 ± 0.07 per wean age …
The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 24 To 49 Lb (2002), B W. James, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 24 To 49 Lb (2002), B W. James, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 22-d growth assay was conducted to determine the appropriate true ileal digestible threonine requirement to maximize growth performance of pigs between 24 and 49 lb. The 10 experimental treatments consisted of two basal diets (1.1% and 1.2% true ileal digestible lysine; 16.1% and 17.4% CP) with increasing levels of threonine (50, 55, 60, 65, 70% threonine:lysine). Pigs fed 1.2% true ileal digestible lysine had improved ADG and F/G compared to pigs fed 1.1% lysine, this suggest that the requirement was greater than 1.1% true ileal digestible lysine. There was a threonine × lysine interaction for feed efficiency. Pigs fed …
Effects Of Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio In Pigs Grown In A Commercial Finishing Environment (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Effects Of Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio In Pigs Grown In A Commercial Finishing Environment (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Seven experiments using 7,801 pigs (75 to 265 lb) were conducted to determine the biologic and economic effects of increasing dietary lysine in commercially reared grow-finish pigs. Each study was generally 28 d long and evaluated a different weight range of the grow-finish period for barrows (3 trials) and gilts (4 trials), respectively. All studies contained six dietary treatments of incrementally increasing lysine:calorie ratio. The primary response criteria measured were growth, carcass, and economic performance. Pigs fed high-energy diets in early finishing (<150 lb) have only moderate biological responses to a wide range of dietary lysine. However, increasing dietary lysine levels in late finishing (>150 lb) has more quantitatively significant effects on growth and carcass performance. Due the magnitude of the …
Interactive Effects Among L-Carnitine, Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl), And Dietary Energy Density On Commercial Finishing Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Interactive Effects Among L-Carnitine, Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl), And Dietary Energy Density On Commercial Finishing Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Growth performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated on 1,104 pigs fed combinations of L-carnitine, Paylean, and added fat in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Dietary treatments of L-carnitine (0 or 50 ppm) and fat (0 or 6%) were initiated at approximately 97 lb. Paylean (0 or 9 g/ton) was fed for the last 4 weeks prior to market. Supplementing dietary carnitine did not affect (P>0.25) growth performance of pigs between 97 to 203 lb. The addition of 6% dietary fat improved (P<0.01) ADG and F/G during this period. During the last 4 weeks of the experiment, when Paylean was fed, a carnitine × Paylean interaction was observed (P<0.04) for ADG and F/G. Both carnitine and Paylean improved growth performance; however, the responses were not additive. Pigs fed added fat had improved (P<0.05) feed efficiency during the Paylean supplementation period. A carnitine × Paylean interaction (P<0.03) was observed for fat thickness and percentage lean. Fat thickness decreased and lean percentage increased in pigs fed carnitine or Paylean, but the responses were not additive. Pigs fed added fat had greater (P<0.01) fat thickness and lower percentage lean than pigs not fed added fat. A carnitine × Paylean × fat interaction was observed (P<0.04) for longissimus muscle area. In general, adding carnitine, Paylean or fat to the diet increased longissimus muscle area; however, the responses were not fully additive. Carcass weight was greater (P<0.01) for pigs fed 6% added fat and tended (P<0.07) to be greater for pigs fed carnitine. Adding Paylean to the diet increased (P<0.04) ultimate longissimus pH and reduced drip loss as measured by the filter paper method. Similar to other experiments, adding carnitine to the diet tended to decrease drip loss (P<0.06) as measured by the suspension method. These results suggest that adding Lcarnitine and Paylean to the diet increases ADG and that L-carnitine, Paylean, and fat improve feed efficiency when fed to late finishing pigs reared in a commercial facility. These data also support our previous research that demonstrated improvements in carcass characteristics of pigs fed L-carnitine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002
Using Heart Girth To Determine Weight In Finishing Pigs (2002), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Using Heart Girth To Determine Weight In Finishing Pigs (2002), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Heart girth and body weight were measured on 100 growing-finishing pigs (50 to 273 lb) at the KSU Swine Teaching and Research Center. Heart girth, in inches, was measured using a cloth measuring tape. The tape was placed directly behind the front legs and then wrapped around the heart girth and read directly behind the shoulders. Heart girth was strongly correlated (R2=0 .98) with body weight, with the following regression equation: pig weight = 10.1709 × Heart girth - 205.7492. The 95% confidence interval shows the projected weight to be ±10 lb of the actual weight of the pig. To …
Phosphorus Requirements Of Grow-Finish Pigs Raised In A Commercial Environment (2002), C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Phosphorus Requirements Of Grow-Finish Pigs Raised In A Commercial Environment (2002), C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We conducted three experiments to identify available phosphorus (aP) requirements of pigs reared in commercial facilities. In a pilot study (Exp. 1), 600 gilts (PIC, initially 95.2 lb) were randomly allotted to a low or high dietary P regimen in a 98-d study. Pigs were phase-fed six diets from 95 to 106, 106 to 150, 150 to 183, 183 to 212, 212 to 245, and 245 to 267 lb. Corresponding aP concentrations were: 0.30, 0.28, 0.27, 0.27, 0.24, and 0.19% (low) and 0.37, 0.33, 0.30, 0.28, 0.27, and 0.26% (high). No differences were observed (P>0.10) in ADG and overall …
Effect Of L-Carnitine And Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) Supplementation On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Postmortem Ph Decline (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, T E. Lawrence, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh, Steven S. Dritz
Effect Of L-Carnitine And Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) Supplementation On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Postmortem Ph Decline (2002), B W. James, K Q. Owen, T E. Lawrence, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were evaluated from 126 pigs fed combinations of Paylean and L-carnitine arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial. Dietary L-carnitine (0, 25, or 50 ppm) and Paylean (0 or 9 g/ton) were fed the last 4 weeks prior to slaughter. Feeding Paylean to pigs improved (P<0.01) ADG and F/G. Supplemental Lcarnitine did not affect (P>0.46) ADG, but there was a trend for improved (quadratic, P<0.07) F/G in pigs fed increasing carnitine. A carnitine × Paylean interaction (P<0.05) was observed for dressing percentage and visual firmness, percentage transmission (soluble protein), temperature measured 1.5 h postmortem, and percentage drip loss. Dressing percentage was higher for pigs fed 25 ppm carnitine with no Paylean and lower for pigs fed 25 ppm carnitine with Paylean. Visual firmness scores decreased in pigs fed increasing carnitine and no Paylean but increased when adding carnitine to diets containing Paylean. Soluble protein increased (more soluble protein indicates higher quality muscle) and drip loss decreased when pigs were fed increasing L-carnitine with Paylean. A trend (P<0.07) was observed for pigs fed increasing carnitine to have lower 10th rib and average backfat. Feeding Paylean to pigs increased (P<0.01) percentage lean, L*, and hue angle, and decreased (P<0.02) visual color scores and a*/b* values. Pigs fed Paylean had higher temperature and lower pH measured 3 h postmortem (P<0.01) and tended (P<0.06) to have lower pH measured 6 h postmortem. These results suggest that Paylean improves growth performance when fed to finishing pigs. Carnitine decreased drip loss and improved meat quality when fed to pigs in combination with Paylean.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002
Effect Of Dose Of Chlorate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), T E. Burkey, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz
Effect Of Dose Of Chlorate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), T E. Burkey, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 14-day growth study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding varied levels of chlorate on weanling pig growth performance. A previous experiment with weanling pigs fed diets containing added chlorate (800 ppm) resulted in numerical decreases in ADG, ADFI and F/G as compared to diets with no added antimicrobial, a commonly used antimicrobial (carbadox), or another feed additive, mannanoliogsaccharide. The negative effects of feeding 800 ppm chlorate were confirmed in this study. Additionally, the current trial demonstrated that pigs fed diets containing 200 ppm sodium chlorate had greater ADG, ADFI, and d 14 average weights than pigs fed …